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Programming languages have being evolved from imperative
paradigm to declarative paradigm gradually
 (Mathematics)
  Declarative




                     Functional
                     Lisp                         4GL
                                                  SQL


                                                                           Literate
                                                                           HTML/CSS, PHP
                                                                           OOP, Functional
                                                                           JavaScript, Perl,
                                                           OOP             Python, C#, Ruby
                                                           C++, Java,
                                     Procedural            Objective-C
 (Electronics)
  Imperative




                                     C, BASIC,
                     Imperative      PASCAL
                     Assembly
                     Imperative
                     Machine Code


                 1960’s           1970’s          1980’s          1990’s      2000’s

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Programming Paradigms

  • 1. Programming languages have being evolved from imperative paradigm to declarative paradigm gradually (Mathematics) Declarative Functional Lisp 4GL SQL Literate HTML/CSS, PHP OOP, Functional JavaScript, Perl, OOP Python, C#, Ruby C++, Java, Procedural Objective-C (Electronics) Imperative C, BASIC, Imperative PASCAL Assembly Imperative Machine Code 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s