1. Federalism

2. Unitary system
3 point clue
A political system
2 point clue
Most governments in the world use this system.
1 point clue
Decision making originates at the top, and is channeled downward.

3. “Necessary & proper”
clause
3 point clue
Clause found in Article 1 Section 8.
2 point clue
Congress can pass all laws to carry out enumerated powers
1 point clue
Also called the Elastic clause, this gives the government the ability to
claim more powers than are specifically spelled out in the
Constitution.

4. McCulloch v. Maryland
3 point clue
Supreme Court case that dealt with the refusal to pay tax
2 point clue
Conclusion: Chartering national bank was “necessary and
proper”
1 point clue
More than the ruling that the states could not tax the federal government,
the main constitutional issue that came out of this case was that the
necessary and proper clause were interpreted broadly...giving the
federal government more power.

5. Mandate
3 point clue
Rules/orders
2 point clue
Imposed on states; must follow
1 point clue
Rules followed as conditions for obtaining federal grants or requirements
that states pay costs of certain nationally defined programs. Can also be
unfunded.

6. Implied Powers
3 point clue
John Marshall invoked this in McCulloch v. Maryland
2 point clue
Exists because it was impossible for the founders to define all
the duties and ways the federal government should be used.
1 point clue
A power authorized by the constitution that is not directly
stated.

7. 10th Amendment
3 point clue
Congress uses the elastic clause to counter this.
2 point clue
According to this, the united states government only has the
power to regulate matters that are specifically given to it by the
constitution.
1 point clue
States Rights Amendment saying powers not granted to the
national government are reserved to the states.

8. Marble Cake Federalism
3 point clue
FDR’s New deal policies started this type of federalism.
2 point clue
A federal drinking age at 21 is a good example of this.
1 point clue
In this example of federalism national, state, and local powers are
mixed in a cooperative collective way, rather than in equal layers.

9. Reserved Powers
3 point clue
Includes education and police protection.
2 point clue
Powers ensured by the tenth amendment.
1 point clue
These powers refer to the powers not specifically granted to the federal
government, which are saved for the states.

10. Revenue Sharing
3 point clue
This type of fiscal federalism lost support under Ronald
Reagan.
2 point clue
It was replaced with block grants in small amounts.
1 point clue
When the federal government shares a certain percent of its revenue
with the state and city governments.

11. Conditions of Aid
3 point clue
Federal Rules
2 point clue
For example if a state doesn’t have a no texting while driving law
highway funds may be withheld.
1 point clue
The ‘conditions’ that states have to meet in order to receive federal
grants.

12. Confederation
3 point clue
Form of govt. the US was under 1776-
1787
2 point clue
Under the Articles of Confederation
1 point clue
System of govt. when power is held by independent states or local govts.

13. Layer Cake Federalism
3 point clue
This was how federalism originally worked, before the Great Depression.
2 point clue
System of “no interactions” and an “autonomous relationship”
between national and state governments.
1 point clue
Also known as dual federalism, this is the opposite of marble cake
federalism.

14. Gibbons v. Ogden
3 point clue
A supreme court case where a monopoly was challenged.
2 point clue
The Supremacy clause was used to strike down a New Jersey
Law
1 point clue
The broad definition of commerce gave more power to the federal
government.

15. Block Grant
3 point clue
Form of fiscal federalism, reduced under Reagan and Bush
administrations
2 point clue
Welfare reform is example, implemented during Clinton’s admin.
1 point clue
Money from the national government for programs in certain
general areas that the states can use at their discretion.