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Mammals 10 4-roumenova_bojkov_damyanov
- 1. Animal Diversity: Mammals By Violeta Roumenova, Kalin Bojkov, & Martin Damyanov 10/4
- 4. Tree of Life Mammals http://www.tellapallet.com/tree_of_life.htm
- 9. Representative Organisms Bat Giraffe Zebra Hippopotamus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hippo_memphis.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Two_male_Giraffe_are_necking_in_San_Franzisco_Zoo_4.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beautiful_Zebra_in_South_Africa.JPG http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1076/603093359_961a75545b_o.jpg
- 14. Madagascar: The Ring-Tailed Lemur’s Sweet Home http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/fs/popup.php?type=map&img=lemur_catta
Notas do Editor
- Mammary glands – function in producing milk for nourishing the offspring, since milk is a substance rich in fats, sugars, proteins, minerals, and vitamins; serve as the primary source of nourish for young mammals, and they are can obtain nutrition in this way even before they are physically able to digest other type of food Hair – composed of the protein keratin; functions in: insulation (heat regulation, since mammals are warm-blooded); protection (in addition to the skin); camouflage ( protective coloration , which allows some mammals to blend into their environment in order to avoid being seen by predators , which may attack them, or prey , which they are going to attack so that they obtain food); sensory function (detects information from senses; for example, a cat can use its whiskers to sense the presence of nearby objects even withouth seeing or touching them) Three middle ear bones – consists of three bones: malleus , incus , and stapes (in early reptiles , malleus and incus were bones from the jaw but evolution occurred; today reptiles’ the stape still comprises the ear ) ; function in transmitting sound vibrations and allowing animals to hear Differentiated teeth (Heterodont teeth) – vary in size and shape; adapted for chewing many kinds of foods; mammals’ teeth are specialized; e.g. for cutting and shearing – incisors ( резци ) and canine teeth ( кучешки зъби ); for grinding and crushing – premolars ( предкътници ) and molars ( кътници )
- Mammals have the most complex nervous system; consists of the central nervous system (CNS – includes the brain and the spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS – nerves and ganglia, clusters of nerve cells); nervous tissue is made up of two main types of cells: neurons (carry impulses around the body) & neuroglia (also known as glial cells; maintain proper biochemical levels for the neurons) Functions: sense and responses to stimuli responsible for generation of information (thoughts, emotions, forming and storing memories) PNS: collecting sensory stimuli and transporting it to CNS; transporting messages that control the body’s response CNS: generating information neocortex – only mammals possess it; functions in sensory perception, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning, conscious thought , and language
- Habitat: deciduous forests (made up of trees that lose their leaves every year) , dry scrub, highland humid forests, and gallery forests , which are forests along riverbanks ; in general, the ring-tailed lemur inhabits dry woodland districts that have a seven to eight month dry season Range: found only on southern and southwestern Madagascar , an east African island What they eat: they are classified as herbivores; they eat mostly leaves (especially leaves of tamarind tree), fruits (berries), and flowers; however, from time to time, lemurs eat bird eggs, insects, and small mammals; as a source of water, they lick dew from leaves Locomotion: the lemur moves quadrupedally (on its four limbs); walks or runs on the ground as well as on the tops of branches ; its tail stand s up for balance Ecological role/ niche: significant ecological role in Madagascar; make an extensive use of the ground; have the ability to adapt to different environments; range further than any other lemur species into the interior of Madagascar; threatened with extinction because of deforestation, etc.
- Life cycle changes: weaning (stop feeding offspring with mother’s milk) takes about 6 months; childhood- for the fist weeks, young are carried in their mothers’ mouths or on their mothers’ belly, then they start riding on their mothers’ backs; reach sexual maturity at about 15 months (1 year & 3 months); gestation period (pregnancy) lasts for 132-134 days (about 4.5 months); give birth to 1 or 2 babies; birth season – late summer/early fall; life span – up to 27 years (in captivity, not in the wild) Other characteristics: grooming claw – used for personal grooming of the fur; opposable thumb; enjoy sunbathing in the morning before feeding: “worshipping the sun” in Lotus position (Yoga )