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The Animal Kingdom
What Is an Animal? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Animal Evolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Animal Evolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Appearance of Body Symmetry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Body Symmetry and Cephalization Central Axis A Radial Plane Another Radial Plane (a) Radial Symmetry  Sagittal Plane Anterior Posterior (b) Bilateral Symmetry
Body Cavities ,[object Object],[object Object]
Body Cavities: The Acoelomates Digestive Cavity Digestive Lining Solid Tissue Body Wall No cavity between body wall & digestive tract Cnidaria
Body Cavities ,[object Object],[object Object]
Body Cavities: The Pseudocoelomates Digestive Cavity Digestive Tract Pseudocoelom Body Wall Body cavity partially lined with mesoderm Partial Lining Nematoda
Body Cavities ,[object Object],[object Object]
Body Cavities: The True Coelomates Digestive Cavity Digestive Tract Coelom Body Wall Body cavity completely lined with mesoderm Complete Lining Annelida
Embryological Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evolutionary Tree of Major Animal Phyla Porifera No true tissues True tissues 2 tissue layers; radial symmetry Ctenophora Cnidaria 3 tissue layers; bilateral symmetry Platyhelminthes No body cavity Body cavity Pseudocoel Nematoda Rotifera Coelom Protostome development Annelida Mollusca Insecta Deuterostome development Mammalia Echino- dermata
The Invertebrate Phyla: Porifera ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Body Plan of Sponges Osculum Epithelial Cell Spicules Amoeboid Cells Pore Cell Collar Cell Pore Water Flow
The Invertebrate Phyla: Cnidaria ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cnidarian Body: The Polyp Mouth Tentacle Body Wall Mesoglea Gastrovascular Lining Gastrovascular Cavity Foot Column
Cnidarian Body: The Medusa Mouth Tentacle Body Wall Mesoglea Gastrovascular Lining Gastrovascular Cavity
Cnidarian Weaponry: The Cnidocyte Armed Cnidocyte Body Wall Water Filament Trigger Nuclei Spent Cnidocyte
The Invertebrate Phyla: Platyhelminthes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Flatworm Organ Systems (a) Digestive System Gastrovascular Cavity Pharynx (b1) Excretory System Excretory Canal Excretory Pore (b2) Nervous System Nerve Cord Brain
Life Cycle of Human Pork Tapeworm Measly pork marketed for human consumption. Larvae migrate through vessels to pig muscles & encyst there.  Larvae hatch in pig intestine Pig eats food contaminated by infected feces Adult tapeworm Human eats poorly cooked pork with live cysts.  Larval tapeworm liberated by digestion & attaches to human intestine. Head with hooks & suckers Tapeworm matures in human intestine, producing a series of reproductive segments. Egg-filled segments are shed from worm & passed in human feces.
The Invertebrate Phyla: Nematoda (Round Worms) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Heartworms in the Heart of a Dog Open heart of dog Female heartworms
The Invertebrate Phyla: Annelida (Segmented Worms) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An Annelid: the Earthworm Mouth Brain Pharynx Ventral Vessel Ventral Nerve Cord Hearts Esophagus Crop Gizzard Intestine Ventral Nerve Cord Anus Coelom Intestine Excretory Pore Nephridia Coelom
The Invertebrate Phyla: Arthropoda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Major Arthropod Classes: Insecta ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Major Arthropod Classes: Arachnida ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Major Arthropod Classes: Crustacea ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Insect Body Plan Wing Abdomen Thorax Head Antennae Compound Eyes Mouth Parts
The Invertebrate Phyla: Mollusca (Snails & Clams) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Generalized Mollusk Tentacle Eye Mouth Radula Foot Ganglia (brain) Digestive Tract Gonad Nerve Cords Heart Coelom Shell Mantle Anus Gill
The Invertebrate Phyla: Echinodermata (Sea Stars, Urchins) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Water-Vascular System of Echinoderms Ampulla Canals Plates of Endoskeleton Tube Feet Sieve Plate A Mussel (clam) Photo (ventral)
Key Features of Chordates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Are Humans Chordates? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
The Vertebrates: Chordata, Vertebrata ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Lancelet: An Invertebrate Chordate Notochord Nerve Cord Gill Slits Mouth Gut Muscle Segments Tail Anus
The Tunicate: An Invertebrate Chordate Gill Slits Brain Mouth Gut Heart Notochord Nerve Cord Water Exit ADULT LARVA
The Vertebrate Classes: Agnatha & Chondrichthyes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Hagfish
Lobe-Finned Fishes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lobe-Finned Fishes ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
The Vertebrate Classes: Osteichthyes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Vertebrate Classes: Amphibia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Amphibians Live a Double Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
The Vertebrate Classes: Reptilia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Birds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Birds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Vertebrate Classes: Mammalia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mammals ,[object Object],[object Object]
Bats, the Only Flying Mammals
The End

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Animal APBio

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. Body Symmetry and Cephalization Central Axis A Radial Plane Another Radial Plane (a) Radial Symmetry Sagittal Plane Anterior Posterior (b) Bilateral Symmetry
  • 7.
  • 8. Body Cavities: The Acoelomates Digestive Cavity Digestive Lining Solid Tissue Body Wall No cavity between body wall & digestive tract Cnidaria
  • 9.
  • 10. Body Cavities: The Pseudocoelomates Digestive Cavity Digestive Tract Pseudocoelom Body Wall Body cavity partially lined with mesoderm Partial Lining Nematoda
  • 11.
  • 12. Body Cavities: The True Coelomates Digestive Cavity Digestive Tract Coelom Body Wall Body cavity completely lined with mesoderm Complete Lining Annelida
  • 13.
  • 14. Evolutionary Tree of Major Animal Phyla Porifera No true tissues True tissues 2 tissue layers; radial symmetry Ctenophora Cnidaria 3 tissue layers; bilateral symmetry Platyhelminthes No body cavity Body cavity Pseudocoel Nematoda Rotifera Coelom Protostome development Annelida Mollusca Insecta Deuterostome development Mammalia Echino- dermata
  • 15.
  • 16. The Body Plan of Sponges Osculum Epithelial Cell Spicules Amoeboid Cells Pore Cell Collar Cell Pore Water Flow
  • 17.
  • 18. Cnidarian Body: The Polyp Mouth Tentacle Body Wall Mesoglea Gastrovascular Lining Gastrovascular Cavity Foot Column
  • 19. Cnidarian Body: The Medusa Mouth Tentacle Body Wall Mesoglea Gastrovascular Lining Gastrovascular Cavity
  • 20. Cnidarian Weaponry: The Cnidocyte Armed Cnidocyte Body Wall Water Filament Trigger Nuclei Spent Cnidocyte
  • 21.
  • 22. Flatworm Organ Systems (a) Digestive System Gastrovascular Cavity Pharynx (b1) Excretory System Excretory Canal Excretory Pore (b2) Nervous System Nerve Cord Brain
  • 23. Life Cycle of Human Pork Tapeworm Measly pork marketed for human consumption. Larvae migrate through vessels to pig muscles & encyst there. Larvae hatch in pig intestine Pig eats food contaminated by infected feces Adult tapeworm Human eats poorly cooked pork with live cysts. Larval tapeworm liberated by digestion & attaches to human intestine. Head with hooks & suckers Tapeworm matures in human intestine, producing a series of reproductive segments. Egg-filled segments are shed from worm & passed in human feces.
  • 24.
  • 25. Heartworms in the Heart of a Dog Open heart of dog Female heartworms
  • 26.
  • 27. An Annelid: the Earthworm Mouth Brain Pharynx Ventral Vessel Ventral Nerve Cord Hearts Esophagus Crop Gizzard Intestine Ventral Nerve Cord Anus Coelom Intestine Excretory Pore Nephridia Coelom
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32. Insect Body Plan Wing Abdomen Thorax Head Antennae Compound Eyes Mouth Parts
  • 33.
  • 34. A Generalized Mollusk Tentacle Eye Mouth Radula Foot Ganglia (brain) Digestive Tract Gonad Nerve Cords Heart Coelom Shell Mantle Anus Gill
  • 35.
  • 36. Water-Vascular System of Echinoderms Ampulla Canals Plates of Endoskeleton Tube Feet Sieve Plate A Mussel (clam) Photo (ventral)
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.  
  • 40.
  • 41. The Lancelet: An Invertebrate Chordate Notochord Nerve Cord Gill Slits Mouth Gut Muscle Segments Tail Anus
  • 42. The Tunicate: An Invertebrate Chordate Gill Slits Brain Mouth Gut Heart Notochord Nerve Cord Water Exit ADULT LARVA
  • 43.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.  
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.  
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.  
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58. Bats, the Only Flying Mammals