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CNECNE
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
CNECNE
Control of Effective
Circulating Volumer
g
Back to Basics – Physiology Concepts
Mohammed Abdel Gawad
Nephrology Specialist
Kidney & Urology Center (KUC)
Alexandria
drgawad@gmail.com
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
TBW is affected by:TBW is affected by:
Gender and AgeGender and Age
Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Total body water CompartmentsTotal body water Compartments
Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Total body water CompartmentsTotal body water Compartments
Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Total body water CompartmentsTotal body water Compartments
Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
An odyssey into the milieu intérieur: pondering the enigmas. Schrier RW. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992;2(11):1549.
Effective Circulating
Volume
refers to that part of the
extracellular fluid (ECF)
that is in the arterial
system and is
effectively perfusing the
tissues
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
An odyssey into the milieu intérieur: pondering the enigmas. Schrier RW. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992;2(11):1549.
Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
An odyssey into the milieu intérieur: pondering the enigmas. Schrier RW. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992;2(11):1549.
It’s all about
TISSUE
PERFUSION
Make Organs Happy
Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
Control – General ConceptControl – General Concept
Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
Control – General ConceptControl – General Concept
BaroreceptorsBaroreceptors
Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Baroreceptors
Monitoring - Site
• Kimani JK. Ciba Found Symp. 1995;192:215.
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Not stimulated at all by pressures between 0 and
50 to 60 mm Hg, but above these levels, they respond
progressively more rapidly and reach a maximum at
about 180 mm Hg
Baroreceptors
Monitoring - Stimulus
Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Baroreceptors
Signaling - Reflex
• Kimani JK. Ciba Found Symp. 1995;192:215.
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Baroreceptors
Signaling - Reflex
Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Baroreceptors
Action on Targets
• Kimani JK. Ciba Found Symp. 1995;192:215.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Baroreceptors
Action on Targets
• Kimani JK. Ciba Found Symp. 1995;192:215.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
Control – General ConceptControl – General Concept
Renin – Angiotensin – Aldosteron SystemRenin – Angiotensin – Aldosteron System
(RAAS)(RAAS)
Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Renin – Angiotensin –Renin – Angiotensin –
Aldosteron System (RAAS)Aldosteron System (RAAS)
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
RAASRAAS
StimulusStimulus
• Kimani JK. Ciba Found Symp. 1995;192:215.
•Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
RAASRAAS
SignalingSignaling
.
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL
PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-
Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
RAAS – Action on TargetsRAAS – Action on Targets
Angiotensin IIAngiotensin II
•Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
RAAS – Action on TargetsRAAS – Action on Targets
Angiotensin IIAngiotensin II
•Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
RAAS – Action on TargetsRAAS – Action on Targets
Angiotensin IIAngiotensin II
•Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
RAAS – Action on TargetsRAAS – Action on Targets
AldosteronAldosteron
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
Control – General ConceptControl – General Concept
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADHAnti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH))
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
Control – General ConceptControl – General Concept
Atrial Natriuretic PeptideAtrial Natriuretic Peptide
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Atrial natriuretic peptide is the only volume
regulatory hormone that decreases effective
volume
Atrial Natriuretic PeptideAtrial Natriuretic Peptide
Atrial natriuretic factor: its (patho)physiological significance in humans. de Zeeuw D et al. Kidney Int. 1992;41(5):1115.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Pressure Natriuresis
• Guyton AC. Science. 1991;252(5014):1813.
• Mizelle HL, Montani JP, Hester RL, Didlake RH, Hall JE. Hypertension. 1993;22(1):102.
It does not require
neurally or humorally
mediated sensor
mechanisms
It does not require
neurally or humorally
mediated sensor
mechanisms
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Pressure Natriuresis
The increase in
systemic pressure is
transmitted, via the
vasa recta capillaries,
to the medullary
interstitium
Cowley AW Jr. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(1 Pt 2):R1.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Pressure Natriuresis
Guarasci GR, Kline RL. Am J Physiol. 1996;270(2 Pt 2):R469.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Sodium reabsorption in
different nephron segments
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Differences between osmoregulation
and volume regulation
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
 The amount of water in each body compartment is
dependent on:
 1- osmotic pressure
 2- hydrostatic pressure (filtration)
 + 3- Membrane characteristics
Movement of water – Starling’s ForcesMovement of water – Starling’s Forces
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
 is the number of particles (mmol) contained in
one liter of water, so measured in mmol/L.
 i.e. it is the concentration by number
OsmolalityOsmolality
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Starling’s ForcesStarling’s Forces
Osmotic pressureOsmotic pressure
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Starling’s ForcesStarling’s Forces
Hydrostatic pressureHydrostatic pressure
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Volume RegulationVolume Regulation
Clinical CorrelationClinical Correlation
+lymphatic
obstruction
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Volume RegulationVolume Regulation
Clinical Correlation – Heart FailureClinical Correlation – Heart Failure
• Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th
Edition, 2006.
• Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Volume RegulationVolume Regulation
Clinical Correlation – NephroticClinical Correlation – Nephrotic
Jürgen Floege, John Feehally. Chapter 15. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. 4th
Edition. 2010
ESNT-CNE 5th
Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014
Mohammed Abdel Gawad

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Effective Circulating Volume Control - Dr. Gawad

  • 1. CNECNE ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 CNECNE Control of Effective Circulating Volumer g Back to Basics – Physiology Concepts Mohammed Abdel Gawad Nephrology Specialist Kidney & Urology Center (KUC) Alexandria drgawad@gmail.com
  • 2. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 TBW is affected by:TBW is affected by: Gender and AgeGender and Age Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006.
  • 3. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Total body water CompartmentsTotal body water Compartments Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006.
  • 4. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Total body water CompartmentsTotal body water Compartments Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006.
  • 5. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Total body water CompartmentsTotal body water Compartments Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 6. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume An odyssey into the milieu intérieur: pondering the enigmas. Schrier RW. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992;2(11):1549. Effective Circulating Volume refers to that part of the extracellular fluid (ECF) that is in the arterial system and is effectively perfusing the tissues
  • 7. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 An odyssey into the milieu intérieur: pondering the enigmas. Schrier RW. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992;2(11):1549. Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
  • 8. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 An odyssey into the milieu intérieur: pondering the enigmas. Schrier RW. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992;2(11):1549. It’s all about TISSUE PERFUSION Make Organs Happy Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume
  • 9. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 10. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 11. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 12. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume Control – General ConceptControl – General Concept Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 13. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume Control – General ConceptControl – General Concept BaroreceptorsBaroreceptors Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 14. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Baroreceptors Monitoring - Site • Kimani JK. Ciba Found Symp. 1995;192:215. • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 15. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Not stimulated at all by pressures between 0 and 50 to 60 mm Hg, but above these levels, they respond progressively more rapidly and reach a maximum at about 180 mm Hg Baroreceptors Monitoring - Stimulus Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 16. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Baroreceptors Signaling - Reflex • Kimani JK. Ciba Found Symp. 1995;192:215. • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006.
  • 17. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Baroreceptors Signaling - Reflex Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006.
  • 18. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Baroreceptors Action on Targets • Kimani JK. Ciba Found Symp. 1995;192:215. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 19. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Baroreceptors Action on Targets • Kimani JK. Ciba Found Symp. 1995;192:215. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 20. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume Control – General ConceptControl – General Concept Renin – Angiotensin – Aldosteron SystemRenin – Angiotensin – Aldosteron System (RAAS)(RAAS) Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 21. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Renin – Angiotensin –Renin – Angiotensin – Aldosteron System (RAAS)Aldosteron System (RAAS)
  • 22. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 RAASRAAS StimulusStimulus • Kimani JK. Ciba Found Symp. 1995;192:215. •Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 23. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 RAASRAAS SignalingSignaling . • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid- Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 24. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 RAAS – Action on TargetsRAAS – Action on Targets Angiotensin IIAngiotensin II •Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 25. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 RAAS – Action on TargetsRAAS – Action on Targets Angiotensin IIAngiotensin II •Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 26. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 RAAS – Action on TargetsRAAS – Action on Targets Angiotensin IIAngiotensin II •Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 27. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 RAAS – Action on TargetsRAAS – Action on Targets AldosteronAldosteron • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 28. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume Control – General ConceptControl – General Concept Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
  • 29. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADHAnti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)) • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 30. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Effective Circulating VolumeEffective Circulating Volume Control – General ConceptControl – General Concept Atrial Natriuretic PeptideAtrial Natriuretic Peptide
  • 31. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Atrial natriuretic peptide is the only volume regulatory hormone that decreases effective volume Atrial Natriuretic PeptideAtrial Natriuretic Peptide Atrial natriuretic factor: its (patho)physiological significance in humans. de Zeeuw D et al. Kidney Int. 1992;41(5):1115.
  • 32. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Pressure Natriuresis • Guyton AC. Science. 1991;252(5014):1813. • Mizelle HL, Montani JP, Hester RL, Didlake RH, Hall JE. Hypertension. 1993;22(1):102. It does not require neurally or humorally mediated sensor mechanisms It does not require neurally or humorally mediated sensor mechanisms
  • 33. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Pressure Natriuresis The increase in systemic pressure is transmitted, via the vasa recta capillaries, to the medullary interstitium Cowley AW Jr. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(1 Pt 2):R1.
  • 34. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Pressure Natriuresis Guarasci GR, Kline RL. Am J Physiol. 1996;270(2 Pt 2):R469.
  • 35. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Sodium reabsorption in different nephron segments
  • 36. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Differences between osmoregulation and volume regulation
  • 37. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014  The amount of water in each body compartment is dependent on:  1- osmotic pressure  2- hydrostatic pressure (filtration)  + 3- Membrane characteristics Movement of water – Starling’s ForcesMovement of water – Starling’s Forces • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 38. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014  is the number of particles (mmol) contained in one liter of water, so measured in mmol/L.  i.e. it is the concentration by number OsmolalityOsmolality • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 39. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Starling’s ForcesStarling’s Forces Osmotic pressureOsmotic pressure • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 40. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Starling’s ForcesStarling’s Forces Hydrostatic pressureHydrostatic pressure • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 41. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Volume RegulationVolume Regulation Clinical CorrelationClinical Correlation +lymphatic obstruction • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 42. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Volume RegulationVolume Regulation Clinical Correlation – Heart FailureClinical Correlation – Heart Failure • Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 11th Edition, 2006. • Sarah Faub el, Jo el Topf.The Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Companion. Chapter 4, 1999.
  • 43. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Volume RegulationVolume Regulation Clinical Correlation – NephroticClinical Correlation – Nephrotic Jürgen Floege, John Feehally. Chapter 15. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. 4th Edition. 2010
  • 44. ESNT-CNE 5th Course, Cairo May 14-17, 2014 Mohammed Abdel Gawad