Slides for 1st term practical examination of Theriogenology for 4th year students class 2013

2. records

4. Mucus of estrus

8. Primary follicle

9. stage of estrous cycle
Bitch

10. bitch

12. Showing & winking

13. Mare cervical appearance

14. Stallion genitalia

15. Bull genitalia

17. Twin

18. pregnancy US

19. chin-ball marker on a detector bull

20. penile-deviated detector bulls

23. Ultrasonography

29. Endometrial cups in a mare

30. Gravid Uterus - 60 Days.
60-day pregnant uterus. The enlargement is about the size of
a softball

33. Day30
Day 36
•By d 30 the embryo is found in the middle of the vesicle
suspended by the developing allantoic membrane, with the
allantoic sac beneath and the yolk sac above.
•By d 36 the embryo is near the top of the vesicle and the
yolk sac is all but gone.

34. Day 45
Day 50
By d 40 the embryo is back in the middle of the vesicle,
suspended by the umbilicus.
Vesicles that are smaller than normal size for their age are
associated with increased rates of embryonic loss.

35. 194-day male fetus: cross-sectional view of the abdomen
caudal to the umbilical cord showing an erect penis, P. PR,
prepuce; A, abdomen; UR, urachus; HL, hind leg.

36. Testicular hypoplasia

37. Improper mounting

38. Persistent Frenulum.
Persistent frenulum is the result of the retention of the attachment between
visceral and parietal layers of the inner lamina of the prepuce. This condition is
believed to be hereditary. It is advisable to ligate the frenulum prior to
transsection because the structure frequently contains well developed blood
vessels.

39. Manual extension of penis for
examination

40. Prepubertal Prepuce.
Forced manual detachment of the prepuce from the free end of the penis
during BSE of a bull just going through puberty.

41. Ventral Deviation.
Weak or injured dorsal ligament of the penis. Scar tissue was present
along the dorsal aspect of the penis

42. Rainbow Deviation.
Ventral deviation of the penis that prevented intromission in an Angus bull.

43. Diphallus.
Congenital diphallus, a rare duplication of the glans penis in the bull. In the
vernacular referred to as "double dick

44. Spiral Deviation.
Spiral deviation of the penis in a 3-year old Angus bull at full erection. When this
occurs prior to intromission penetration will be difficult. Studies with a
transparent artificial vagina have shown that spiral deviation after intromission
occasionally occurs in some bulls at the height of erection

45. Penile Hematoma.
Rupture of the penis occurred at the points of attachment of the retractor
penis muscles. Swelling is due to accumulation of blood. Internal pressure
leads to prolapse of the preputial lining. In the vernacular this is referred to
as a broken penis.

46. Penile Hematoma.
Rupture of the penis occurred at the points of attachment of the retractor
penis muscles. Swelling is due to accumulation of blood. Internal pressure
leads to prolapse of the preputial lining. In the vernacular this is referred to
as a broken penis.

47. Separation of the Prepuce.
Circumferential separation of the penis and prepuce. Picture taken 2 to 3
weeks after the accident.

48. Penile Wart.
This is a singular pendunculated fibropapilloma. It may be successfully
removed by excision with or without electrocautery.

49. Granular Venereal Disease.
"Granular venereal disease" is an old term denoting the presence of enlarged
lymph follicles on the surface of the penis and prepuce in response to an irritant
which may be infectious or chemical.

50. Multiple Small Fibropapillomas.
This bull can be treated by ligation and excision of the pendulous tissues.
Bleeding may result in autoimmunization against the wart virus. Some of the

51. Laceration of the Penis.
Laceration at the junction of the penis and the preputial reflexion

52. Laceration of the Penis.
This glans penis was lacerated on a broken glass vial during semen collection
with an artificial vagina. Source: Wright JM (1973)

53. Traumatic Balanitis.
Trauma to the glans penis after paralysis of the penis.

54. Chronic Posthitis.
Chronic posthitis of undetermined origin. Notice thickened skin.

55. Severe Preputial Injury.
This Guzara bull repeatedly stepped on his extremely pendulous prepuce
causing severe trauma

56. Preputial Sling.
A simple sling made out of an old bed sheet or piece of burlap is used to
suspend the prolapsed prepuce. It helps reduce edema and it keeps the tissues
relatively clean and protected from further injury. The bull can urinate through

57. Prolapsed Prepuce.
Bos indicus bulls have a large pendulous prepuce. It is common and
normal for a Bos indicus bull to slightly relax the penis and allow the
preputial lining to protrude. This predisposes the lining trauma.

58. Hair Ring.
Accumulation of hair around the base of the glans may lead to
constriction and stenosis. This sometimes occurs in young bulls as a
result of homosexual behavior whereby they draw hair into the prepuce.