The document summarizes the spread of Protestantism across Europe beginning in the 15th century with Martin Luther and the printing press. Key events included Luther posting his 95 Theses in 1517, the Peasant Revolt of 1525, and the Peace of Augsburg in 1555 which recognized Lutheranism. John Calvin furthered Protestantism, establishing a theocracy in Geneva. The Thirty Years War broke out in 1618 between Catholic and Protestant states and devastated Europe. The 1648 Treaty of Westphalia ended the war and divided Europe along religious lines.

1. Spread of Protestantism A Radical Change

2. The Spread of the Printing Press 1455 the first Gutenberg Bible comes off the press

3. The Holy Roman Empire in 1500

4. The Spread of Lutheranism 1517 - 95 Thesis nailed to the church door in Wittenberg.

5. The Peasant Revolt - 1525 Things are fermenting and changing!

6. The Peace of Augsburg 1555 http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/brummettconcise/chapter98/medialib/illustrations/WALL5295292.gif

7. After Luther there are even more religious groups…. Calvinism

8. Calvin and Calvinism In 1531, there was a war between Protestant and Catholic states in Switzerland. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Historische_Karte_CH_1536_E.png/180px-Historische_Karte_CH_1536_E.png&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland&usg=__ioLeFiCK088-8Tp-AnV3U43octU=&h=112&w=180&sz=42&hl=en&start=49&tbnid=4AeCyPoe2M9BHM:&tbnh=63&tbnw=101&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCalvinism%2Bwars%2Bin%2BSwitzerland%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26start%3D40

13. Calvin’s World in the 16 c

15. It Spreads to France http://www.thetakeaway.org/media/photologue/photos/cache/warning-religious-wars-sign_large_image.jpg

17. Maps and Charts 4 Remember the Peace of Augsburg of 1555? What can you say about geography and Rome and new religions? As these territorial boundaries change there is increasing religious Tension especially when Calvinism joins in battle of faith (they weren’t mentioned in the Peace of Augsburg) This will lead to the Thirty Years War between Catholic and Protestants

18. Thirty Years War - It All Began Over Pooh Pooh The year was 1618 It was Lutherans against Calvinists and against Catholics! It was a time of slanderous pamphlets….full of false accusations against each other In 1618 it all changed Someone threw pooh…… You could say it hit the fan….

19. Thirty Years War - It All Began Over Pooh Pooh In Prague, a Protestant mob grabbed the Catholic governors of the state and threw them out the window of the castle into a pile of dung below. The Catholic gov’nors, unhurt but smelly, demanded that the Protestant mob immediately be punished Catholic and Protestant rulers across Europe quickly began to take sides, form alliances, and build their armies Most of the leaders of the Protestant mob in Prague were beheaded by the Catholics and their heads displayed above the main bridge in Prague All of Europe immediately went to war

22. Protestant Churches in France (Late 16 c )

23. Wars of Religion But there is more….

24. The Anabaptists Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)

29. Radical Reformation What was their view of women?

31. Reformation Europe (Late 16 c )

32. Maps and Charts 4 So what changes did the Catholics make to stop the spread of Catholicism? It’s the Catholic Reformation… the Catholic Church set two goals, one external and one internal. 1.Externally, the Church sought to attack Protestantism wherever it existed and tried to reconvert Protestants back to Catholicism. 2. Internally, the Church wanted to reform the age-old abuses and reenergize Catholicism

34. The Catholic Reformation While Trent outlawed the selling of indulgences , the practice of granting indulgences continued . However, in the area of religious doctrine, there were no changes made. The Council confirmed the previous practices.

36. Reviewing Key Facts History How did Ignatius of Loyola help to reform Catholicism? He helped reform Catholicism by establishing the Society of Jesus, or Jesuits, a religious order that took a special vow of absolute obedience to the pope and used education to spread their messages, restoring Catholicism to parts of Germany and eastern Europe and spreading it to other parts of the world.