3. Pre-Industrial Britain:
Limited leisure time
Church Calendar
Festivals
Pre-Industiral Society:
The period of time prior to the Industrial Revolution (1750 – 1850)
Rural Communities
Limited Transport
Gentry/Peasantry
4. Ancient Origins:
Early sport was based
around.
preparation for war
Festival Games:
Revolved around church
/agricultural calendar.
Release of aggression – mob
5. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
on Sport
Less time
initially/long
working hours
Less
space/loss of
common land Saturday half
day/working holidays
Led to need for
national set of
rules
Development of
factory/church
teams that
competed
against others
Reduction in
violence/need for fit
and healthy workforce
Development of
transport meant
teams could
travel to play in
other towns
More
psectating
than playing
as too many
people not
enough
opportunity
Condification and the Introduction of National Governing Bodies
Towns and schools had localised rules
Need for common set of rules
Students brought rules to ‘Oxbridge Melting Pot’
Written rules recorded
6. Codification and the
Diffusion of Sport
Colonial:
Former Public
School boys
working for the
British Empire
abroad
Army:
Officers shared
sports with
working class
soldiers
Industry:
Once finished
school, students
went back to
fathers
factories.
Forming of
factory teams
University:
Provided
greater
opportunity and
resources
Patronage:
Patrons
supported
sporting events
and
competitions
Teachers:
Many former
pupils became
teachers and
delivered similar
sports
Administration:
When playing
days were over
many joined
governing
bodies to
develop sport
further and
formulate
national rules
Church:
Nature of
schooling meant
many boys took
up roles within
the church
which led to
fromation of
teams.
7. The Olympic Games
William Penny Brookes
Barron Pierre De Courbetin
Much Wenlock Games
Festivals of sport
All competing on a level
playing field
Amateur
Rise of sport as a Business:
Development in transport and
media coverage
TV Audiences of over 4 Billion
Exclusive TV rights
Sponsorship and branding
Globalisation and its effects:
Diffusion of sport across the globe with cultural adaptations
Massive audience provide excellent stage to gain maximum exposure
Examples include:
o Berlin 1936 Nazi propaganda
o Mexico 1968 Black power anti-racism salute
8. Date Venue Major Incident
1896 Athens First olympics to be held
1936 Berlin Hitlers games – nazi
propeganda
1968 Mexico Black Power
1972 Munich Arab terrorists hijack
Israeli Athletes
1976 Monteal Games went bankrupt –
spiralling costs due to
increased security
1980 Moscow USA Boycotted in protest
of Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan
1984 Los Angeles ‘Hamburger’ Olympics –
commercialisation
‘Tit for Tat’ – Russia
Boycott
1988 Seoul Ben Johnson stripped of
100m Olympic gold
1996 Atlanta Controversy over Athens
not being awarded century
games went to Atlanta
instead – home of major
sponsor coca-cola
2004 Athens On the eve of games two
Major Olympic Games
9. greek sprinters tested
positive and banned
Americanisation and
Commercialisation:
Peter Uberroth – ’86 LA games first to
make profit
‘Hamburger’ Games
Sponsorship and media fees
Changes in ethics (amateur to
gamesmanship)
The Olympic Programme – sale of the
10. Sportmanship – Playing within the rules of
the game
Gamesmanship – Win at all costs – bending
the rules in order to win
Remember to give examples
Amateurism
Competing for the love
of the sport and without
rewards
Shamateurism
Custum of pre-1990
athletes who were
amateur but received
unofficial payments
via commercial
scholarships or state
bursaries
Professionalism
Competing for
monetry rewards
Deviance in Sport
The Professional Foul
Deliberately trying to impede, obstruct
or injure an oponent to get the right
result.
Stamping in rugby
Professional foul in football (deliberate
foul to prevent scoring)
‘Sacking’ (injuring) of quarter back
11. WADA
World Anti-Drugs Agency
Set up in 1998
because of
doping problems
Testing and
results
management
Education and
research
National and
International
Policy and
standards
Mission:
To promote and
co-ordinate at
international
level the fight
against doping in
sport in all forms
Comprehensive
database of drug
information Regular testing
Impossible to
stay ahead of the
chemists
Genetic Engineering
Drugs specifc to atheltes
genetics
Genetic info used to
identify talent
Athletes genetic
composition modified to
improve performance
Cells of newly fertilised
eggs to produce super
athletes
13. Performance Pathways
National and International level
Club or County Level
Participation – Fun/enjoyment
Grass Roots level - young
Make sure you know
the differences
between agencies:
What are their main
roles?
What level do they
cater for?
UK SPORT
UK Sports
Agencies
SPORT
ENGLAND
YOUTH SPORT
3 main agencies:
UK SPORT
Support and
develop Olympic
and Paralympic
SPORT ENGLAND
More people active
2 million by 2012
Distribution of
lottery money
Develop fall off
from school age.
Use
examples
from your
14. Traditional Pathways
Pathways for aspring athletes
The School Sports Pathway
Combat post 16 fall
out from sport
The Post School
Different
parthways for
different sports.
MAKE SURE YOU
E.G. ESFA
Competitions
Events
On average only 5% of
school children are
involved in competitive
National Framework for Sport:
Joint Venture from UK Sport, UK
Sports Institutes and governing
bodies
Making England an active and
successful nation 2020
Game Plan:
Increase in participation for
health benefits – 70% active
Improvement in success in
international competition –
Sporting Future for All:
Published in 2000
Superseeded by the
National Framework
Sport Search Programmes
Identifying potential
sporting talent
Online system aimed
at 11-17 year olds
Objective to allow
young people to
assess their
suitablility in 150
15. Closed Loop
Sports
Open Loop
Sports
Know the difference
Talent ID in East Germany:
Wanted to use Olympic
success as a shop window
Every child was screened at
7 for sporting potential
High scoring children invited
to train regularly
At age of 10 they were
transferred to sports
boarding school
Talent ID in Australia:
Dissapointment at
Montreal Olympics in ‘76
AIS (Australian Institute of
Sport) opened in1981
Scholarships to over 600
athletes
32 sports
75 full time coaches
Seven satellite institues in
all state capitals
Developed Sports Search
Based on fitness and body
measurements
Talent Identification
Talent ID in the UK
Talent search within the
National Framework for
Sport.
Talent ID and fast track
development
EIS (English Institute of
Sport)
Employed dedicated talent
ID spoecialists
Searched the country
Specifically for new olypic
sports like basketball,
World Class Performance
Programme
Identifying top performers
Providing top class
16. SPORT SEARCH ATHLETE AWARDS
SCHOOL GAMES
EIS High Performance
Centres
Top class facilities
Provide a a
comprehensive
network of services
Sports Science
Don’ts forget the
other talent
development
programmes!
17. GIFTED & TALENTED PERFORMANCE
TASS - Talented
Athlete Scholarship
AASE – Advanced
Apprentiship in
Sporting Excellence
DO YOU
KNOW
WHAT
THESE
19. Mass Participation:
Break through constraints to
encourage everyone to take up
an active lifestyle
Intrinsic and Extrinsic
benefits
Benefits for society
Benefits for crime
rate/anti social behaviour
Benefits for Health
Service
Lifetime Sports:
Pursue throughout life
Eg’s are golf and
badminton
Self-paced sports
Low impact
Fun and Enjoyment
Aim to guide school
Leadership and Volunteer
Schemes
Sports Leaders Awards
Overseen by Sport Leaders
UK – aimed at school aged
students.
Step into Sport
Joint venture from Sport
England, YST and Sports
22. Opportunity:
Time
Money
Ability
Provision:
Facilities
Inner City
Rural
Equipment
Esteem:
Societies
view/judgement
‘Traditional’
gender sports
Peer Pressure:
Negative
Teenage
Geographical :
Where a
person
lives
Educational:
Dependent
on schooling
and
experiences
23. SPORT FOR ALL CAMPAIGN:
Introduced in 1972
Highlights vlaue of sport and need to be
active
To increase the opportunities available
Particularly focussing on target groups
Reformative Policies
Making England Active:
Aims to help people of
all ages start and remain
in sport
Increase opportunities
Develop a network of
clubs, coaches and
volunteers
Multi-sports Hubs
Community sports
centres offering a
multitude of sports
Educational, health and
social welfare services
Sport England see these
as key for boosting
participation
Active Places:
Web based resource
Search for facilities in
locality
Makes it easier to get
involved
Public Service
Agreement:
Department of Culture,
Media and Sport and
Sport England
Target – 85% of children
accessing 2 hours of PE
by 2008
Target – Increase
participation by 3% in
target groups
Active People Survey:
Sport England survey
Track targets every
three years
24.
25. Programming:
Sport centres use
particular sessions
aimed at target
groups
Local Shemes:
Age well sessions
Ironing services
Free creches
GP referrals
Concessions:
Reuced session
fees and
mmbership rates
for target groups
Schemes in place
County and School Partnerships:
43 County Sports Partnerships
Develop & streamline network of clubs, coaches,
volunteers and competitions
400 school sports partnerships
Reformative
Programmes
26. Technical Developments and Cultural Trends
Private gyms and health clubs
Fashion and the role of the media
Technology and access
cheaper equipment
Adrenalin and Adventure sports
Impact of the 2012 Olympic Games
Specialist Agencies
Women’s Sports Foundation (WSF)
Aim – to promote opportunities for women in sport
27. WSF Awards – aids preparation for international competition
Elite Sports workshops (dealing with media, gaining
sponsorships)
National Action Plan – to help achieve sporting equality
Women into high performance coaching
Women Get Set Go – enabling women to get into leadership
Women in Sports Resources – assist schools, clubs etc
English Federation of Disabiliy Sport
The national body for developing sport for people with
disabilities
Works closely with:
o British Amputee and Les Autres Sport Association
o British Blind Sport
o Wheelpower British Wheelchair sport
o Mencap Sport
o UK Deaf Sport
Promote inclusion and equality
‘Count Me In’ programme
Kick It Out
Lets kick racism out of football
Football against Racism in Europe (FARE)Long Term Athlete
Development
28. Philosophy
To provide:
Pathways that introduce people into sport
Fun and enjoyment
Boys aged 6-9 and girls 6-8
Fundemental motor skills
Major learning stage
Boys aged 9-12 and girls 8-11
80% train 20% copmpetition
Build an aeroibc base, speed,
strength etc
Boys aged 12-16 and girls 11-15
Optimise fitness
Develop position specific skills
Males 16-23 and females 15-21
Final stage
Working towards podium
performance
Maximise fitness and technical
At the end of career
Moving from one sport to another
Move from competitive to
recreational
