Human computer cooperation
•Transferir como PPTX, PDF•
6 gostaram•2,261 visualizações
Is AI now IA? Social media data analytics and Intelligence Amplification. A presentation made at GovTech 2012.
Recomendados
Recomendados
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais procurados
Mais procurados (12)
Semelhante a Human computer cooperation
Semelhante a Human computer cooperation (20)
Último
Último (20)
Human computer cooperation
- 2. 2 chess matches 2005: Freestyle chess tournament 1997: Deep Blue defeats Kasparov Amateurs plus PCs 1st , grandmaster plus PC 2nd, grandmaster 3rd
- 3. This is an astonishing result: average men, average machines beating the best man, the best machine. Computer amplify power of grandmaster How much? Computer amplify power of amateurs How much? simple linear amplification? A(h,c) = hc
- 4. it's about cooperation - the right type of cooperation
- 5. Artificial Intelligence Science of making computers do things that require intelligence when done by humans. Turing test
- 6. Intelligence Augmentation In 1963 Douglas Engelbart formed the Augmentation Research Center to pursue a radically different goal to AI — designing a computing system that would instead “bootstrap” the human intelligence of small groups of scientists and engineers. September 17, 2012 Scientists have implanted a chip inside the brains of rhesus monkeys and seen their decision making and thinking improve Journal of Neural Engineering, the paper, by researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center and the University of Southern California
- 7. Intelligence Amplification Intelligence amplification* (IA) refers to the effective use of information technology in augmenting human intelligence. The theory was developed in the 1950s and 1960s by cybernetics and early computer pioneers. Other methods Memory and IT brain training *AKA “cognitive augmentation” and “machine augmented intelligence”
- 8. Intelligence Amplification Started with augmenting our physical abilities Tools Then our „intelligence‟… Language for communications Number systems Writing to record Reading to retrieve
- 9. Intelligence Artificial Ask a question Amplification Wait for answer Intelligence Ask a related question Get answer Refine question Get improved answer
- 11. Humans Machines Hypothesis Perfect memory Interfaces (senses) Tireless Set goals Consistent Determine criteria Volume Evaluate Computation
- 12. What do we need? Reduce HCI friction Big amounts of data IA Correct data Processing power Analytics Learning
- 13. Reduce Friction in Human- Computer Symbiosis: Kasparov on Chess Weak human + Strong machine + Superior computer better process to alone Weak human + Strong human + machine + Superior machine + better process to inferior process
- 14. Higher the friction the less the amplification provided by the machine
- 15. Reduce HCI friction Natural language Other senses Better interfaces
- 16. Design the human into the process The better the process, the less the friction Minimizing friction is the decisive variable
- 17. Big ‘social’ data Cell phones Transactions Computer Twitter, Facebook
- 18. Correct data Current affairs Social data History
- 21. Watson learns
- 22. Helping us make decisions Business BI, data mining Improving HCI Weather forecasting Processing, satellites, history Medical research Gamers decipher structure of a key protein
- 23. Social data Mobile apps Foursquare sends location data to two third parties: Google and Twitter Angry Birds sends phone ID, location, and contacts to Google and Flurry.
- 24. + = Better disaster response
- 25. What do we need? Reduce HCI friction Big amounts of data IA Correct data Processing power Analytics Learning
- 27. The Future
- 28. “The question is not, 'What is the answer?' The question is, 'What is the question?'" One of the main aims of man-computer symbiosis is to bring the computing machine effectively into the formulative parts of technical problems.”
- 29. References • http://www.palantir.com/2010/03/friction-in-human- computer-symbiosis-kasparov-on-chess/ • http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/pages/reference%2 0articles/what_is_AI/What%20is%20AI13.html#TT • http://www.ted.com/talks/shyam_sankar_the_rise_of_human _computer_cooperation.html • http://www.theonion.com/ • http://www.engadget.com/video/
- 30. THANK YOU
Notas do Editor
- Kenny Solomon, 32 - A Mitchells Plain father who grew up in the township and played his first game of chess at 13, has become South Africa’s first chess grandmaster 20121997: Deep Blue defeats Kasparov2005: Amateurs plus PCs win freestyle chess tournament The second game was a freestyle chess tournament in 2005, in which man and machine could enter together as partners, rather than adversaries, if they so chose. At first, the results were predictable. Even a supercomputer was beaten by a grandmaster with a relatively weak laptop. The surprise came at the end. Who won? Not a grandmaster with a supercomputer, but actually two American amateurs using three relatively weak laptops. Their ability to coach and manipulate their computers to deeply explore specific positions effectively counteracted the superior chess knowledge of the grandmasters and the superior computational power of other adversaries.
- So in classic intelligence amplification fashion, having computer programs that can quickly evaluate a move’s likelihood of success can amplify the power of the Grandmaster.While empirically true, it does beg the question: how much does it amplify the power of the Grandmaster?One approximation might be product as a simple linear amplification. Let’s imagine a function, a(h,c), in which the analytic power (a) is the product of power of the human (h) and the computing power of the chess engine being used (c). This gives us the equation:A(h,c)= hcLinera?We’ll return to this later
- Before we continue, look at AI and Intelligence Augmentation (Cyborgs)
- The Turing test involves a computer, a human interrogator and a human foil. The interrogator attempts to determine, by asking questions of the other two participants, which is the computer. All communication is via keyboard and screen. The interrogator may ask questions as penetrating and wide-ranging as he or she likes, and the computer is permitted to do everything possible to force a wrong identification. (So smart moves for the computer would be to say 'No' in response to 'Are you a computer?' and to follow a request to multiply one huge number by another with a long pause and an incorrect answer.) The foil must help the interrogator to make a correct identification. A number of different people play the roles of interrogator and foil, and if sufficiently many interrogators are unable to distinguish the computer from the human being then it is to be concluded that the computer thinks.
- Intelligence Augmentation now used to refer to physical augmentation
- Other than IT to enhanceDefinition of MNEMONIC1: assisting or intended to assist memory; also: of or relating to mnemonics
- Wecan think of it in this way
- How do humans weigh up against computers?Sight, hearing, touch, taste, smellHuman memory notoriously selective
- Need for what?For a way for us amplify our intelligence?Hypothesis is that we are succeeding with the last 5 from using technology.It’s the first one that’s the biggest challenge
- "Man-Computer Symbiosis" is a key speculative paper published in 1960 by psychologist/computer scientistJ.C.R. Licklider, which envisions that mutually-interdependent, "living together", tightly-coupled human brains and computing machines would prove to complement each other's strengths to a high degree:Man-computer symbiosis is a subclass of man-machine systems. There are many man-machine systems. At present, however, there are no man-computer symbioses. The purposes of this paper are to present the concept and, hopefully, to foster the development of man-computer symbiosis by analyzing some problems of interaction between men and computing machines, calling attention to applicable principles of man-machine engineering, and pointing out a few questions to which research answers are needed. The hope is that, in not too many years, human brains and computing machines will be coupled together very tightly, and that the resulting partnership will think as no human brain has ever thought and process data in a way not approached by the information-handling machines we know today.Licklider, J.C.R., "Man-Computer Symbiosis", IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, vol. HFE-1, 4-11, Mar 1960. Eprint
- What does this mean for our simple equation? Well, it looks it’s missing a term, one we’ll call f, that describes the efficiency or friction of the interface between human and computer.Quoting Kasparov again:Weak human + machine + better process was superior to a strong computer alone and, more remarkably, superior to a strong human + machine + inferior process. The implication being that the equation actually looks like this:
- So if you want to improve human-computer symbiosis, what can you do? You can start by designing the human into the process. Instead of thinking about what a computer will do to solve the problem, design the solution around what the human will do as well. When you do this, you'll quickly realize that you spent all of your time on the interface between man and machine, specifically on designing away the friction in the interaction. In fact, this friction is more important than the power of the man or the power of the machine in determining overall capability. That's why two amateurs with a few laptops handily beat a supercomputer and a grandmaster. What Kasparov calls process is a byproduct of friction. The better the process, the less the friction. And minimizing friction turns out to be the decisive variable.
- Big data Every cell phone movement, never mind call leads to data, transactions, computer, tablet also.Twitter, facebook
- The point is that we have all this data - transient and stored. We have the ability to manage big data.Our analytics engines are fantastic. Data accuracy is improving through technology and user involvement.
- Need to say little about these – these are just steaming ahead
- Watson plays JeopardyWatson learnsThese are examples of how well we’re doing at processing, analytics, data …
- Watson plays JeopardyWatson learns
- Current examples
- Societal data, data about society – many aspects, what’s happening, where we are, what we’re doing, the weather, development, economics, The SIM card sends its unique IMSI number - standing for International Mobile Subscriber Identity. This starts with the country code of the user's account, followed by the network code and finally the telephone number.The second number is the IMEI - International Mobile Equipment Identity. This is the number of the handset and remains constant even if the SIM card is changed.
- Weather data plus location of people = better disaster prep and response We (humans) have got it all – we just need to be able to put it all together.
- Shown that all the last 5 are well on their wayWhat we’ve succeeded with is:"How do I store this data? How do I search this data? How do I process this data?" These are necessary but insufficient questions. The imperative is not to figure out how to compute, but what to compute. How do you impose human intuition on data at this scale?
- The point is that we have all this data - transient and stored. We have the ability to manage big data.Our analytics engines are fantastic. Data accuracy is improving through technology and user involvement.Processing power, the algorithms and ‘learning’ ability all improving, some according to Moore’s law.Imagine the perfect computer. Then imagine how we interact with it.Imagine how a policy-maker interacts with it.Imagine how a judge interacts with it?Imagine how a disaster manager interacts with it.It’s also the qquestions? Not just the answers
- Judges’ intelligence amplified by computerDoctors’Policy-makers
- In this disaster management control centre, the humans are asking all the questions. Maybe there are checklists of previous questions.Where are the new questions coming from?Where else can we use IA?What will we have in 20 years?What will be the role of the human in 20 years?