1. CityPlan
Towards the design of digital tools to encourage
and facilitate civic participation in city planning
Michael Joseph Carbaugh Committee Members
Final Project Presentation Santiago Piedrafita, Chair
April 30, 2012 Martha Scotford
Scott Townsend

2. FRAMING THE PROJECT
Context
photo credit: NCDOT

3. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
Main Question
How can locative technology be designed to
encourage citizens to hold opinions regarding
proposed development changes in the urban
environment?

4. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
Subquestion 1
How can locative technology guide firsthand perceptions !
and experiences in areas of the city that have been
identified as needing change?
• What augmentation of that experience is
necessary to understand a planning issue?

5. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
Subquestion 1
How can locative technology guide firsthand perceptions !
and experiences in areas of the city that have been
identified as needing change?
• What augmentation of that experience is
necessary to understand a planning issue?
Subquestion 2
How can locative technology link place with substantive
explanations of an issue that requires deliberation amongst
the city and citizens?

6. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
Subquestion 1
How can locative technology guide firsthand perceptions !
and experiences in areas of the city that have been
identified as needing change?
• What augmentation of that experience is
necessary to understand a planning issue?
Subquestion 2
How can locative technology link place with substantive
explanations of an issue that requires deliberation amongst
the city and citizens?
Subquestion 3
How can locative technology aid citizens in visualizing the
consequences of alternate planning strategies?

7. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
URBAN PLANNING is inherently political and involves many stakeholders
Public planning at the substate level Large emotional stakes
done by and for cities, counties, towns, Visible decisions
and other units of local governments.
Process close at hand
Citizens correctly assume they know something
Large financial consequences
Link to property taxes
GOVERNMENT CITIZENS
requires a Planning is a function of the executive branch directed by AGENCIES or CONSULTANTS Voter
separation of play different Homeowner
powers Executive manages planning roles Resident
including
Legislative funds and taxes projects Member of organizations
Judicial restricts legislation Community employer
URBAN PLANNERS Property owner
Advisory panels
Public presentations
Urban Design that request community
Public meetings
Urban Renewal and Community Development participation
that can be more Informal meetings
Transportation Planning Neutral public servant
complex at a Many political jurisdictions in different with different Press releases
Economic Development Planning Builder of community consensus
local level for one metropolitan area
fields styles
Web sties
Growth Management, Smart Growth, and Entrepreneur
Variety of districts with
Sustainable Development
powers and responsibilities Advocate
(i.e. school districts) Environmental and Energy Planning
Agent of radical change
Planning for Metropolitan Regions
Health
Public safety
who work together to continuously develop Circulation
COMPREHENSIVE PLANS designed based on goals that support “The Public Interest” Provision of services and facilities
Fiscal health
The most basic plans prepared to guide the
Economic goals
development of the community. They cover the
entire community and are long term. Environmental protection
Redistributive goals
through an ongoing PLANNING PROCESS
Research Phase Clarification of Community Plan Formulation Plan Implementation Review and Revision
Goals and Objectives
Content and relationships generated from Contemporary Urban Planning, 9th Ed. by John M. Levy

8. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
Scope of Project
Growth and Development
42%
increase in population
2025
predicted to be the
between 2000 and 2010 fastest-growing metro area

9. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
Scope of Project
Growth and Development
42%
increase in population
2025
predicted to be the
between 2000 and 2010 fastest-growing metro area
Smartphone Ownership
46%
of American adults
50%
of American adults
in urban areas

10. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
Scope of Project
Growth and Development
42%
increase in population
2025
predicted to be the
between 2000 and 2010 fastest-growing metro area
Smartphone Ownership
46%
of American adults
50%
of American adults
in urban areas
Adults between ages 25 and 34
71%
own smartphones

11. INVESTIGATION TWO
ARTICULATING THE SYSTEM
e Diagrams
dy.
lacks engagement with is
Scans marker at end of article Participates in a site visit at th
with smartphone. Peace Street Corridor.
Continues to engage with
CityPlan at home and work.
Finds CityPlan through a link
on a blog post comment.

12. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
System Diagrams
Stakeholder Map | Digital Touchpoint Matrix | Experience Map | Citizen Journeys
EXTERNAL
PRIMARY SECONDARY INTERNAL CONTENT
Citizens Community Organizations Planning and Development North Carolina Department of
Individuals with the ability to Organizations such as CACs Department Transportation
express their opinion that advocate for the best Manages many aspects of city Multi-modal agency provides
interest of communities planning and development in projects and services
Homeowners
different fields
Individuals who own a home in Employers/Businesses Wake County Government
an affected community Employ citizens and contribute Information Technology Develops transit plan for all of
to local economy Department Wake County
Residents
Manages infrastructure that
People living in communities Property Owners Triangle Transit Authority
supports tool
affected by a planning issue Own land potentially affected Operates regional public
by planning issues City Council and Boards transportation services
Activists
and Commissions
Individuals with strong feelings News Media Capital Area Transit
Discuss and vote on issues
towards particular issues Publish news and opinions on Operates public transportation
that relate to planning.
planning issues services for the City of Raleigh
Public Affairs Department
Distributes information to the
public about City services,
policies, and procedures

13. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
System Diagrams
Stakeholder Map | Digital Touchpoint Matrix | Experience Map | Citizen Journeys
EXTERNAL
PRIMARY SECONDARY INTERNAL CONTENT
Citizens Community Organizations Planning and Development North Carolina Department of
Individuals with the ability to Organizations such as CACs Department Transportation
express their opinion that advocate for the best Manages many aspects of city Multi-modal agency provides
interest of communities planning and development in projects and services
Homeowners
different fields
Individuals who own a home in Employers/Businesses Wake County Government
an affected community Employ citizens and contribute Information Technology Develops transit plan for all of
to local economy Department Wake County
Residents
Manages infrastructure that
People living in communities Property Owners Triangle Transit Authority
supports tool
affected by a planning issue Own land potentially affected Operates regional public
by planning issues City Council and Boards transportation services
Activists
and Commissions
Individuals with strong feelings News Media Capital Area Transit
Discuss and vote on issues
towards particular issues Publish news and opinions on Operates public transportation
that relate to planning.
planning issues services for the City of Raleigh
Public Affairs Department
Distributes information to the
public about City services,
policies, and procedures

14. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
System Diagrams
Stakeholder Map | Digital Touchpoint Matrix | Experience Map | Citizen Journeys
Smartphone /
Feature Phone Mobile Device Laptop Desktop
TOOL CAPABILITIES
Text message updates • •
E-mail updates • • • •
Browser, app, or operat- • • •
ing system notifications
Upload discussion point/ • •
photos via text message
Upload discussion point/ • • •
photos via browser or app
Photograph observations • •
about a site
Physical site visits •
Virtual site visits • • •
Issue timeline • • •
Access to city documents • • •
Discussion platform • • •
Visualize and layer • • •
city information
ACCESSIBILITY
Public Access (ie. Library) •
Prepaid or monthly • ∞*
contracts available
Mobility • • •
Connectivity without WiFi • •*
* = has limitations in some circumstances

15. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
System Diagrams
Stakeholder Map | Digital Touchpoint Matrix | Experience Map | Citizen Journeys
Smartphone /
Feature Phone Mobile Device Laptop Desktop
TOOL CAPABILITIES
Text message updates • •
E-mail updates • • • •
Browser, app, or operat- • • •
ing system notifications
Upload discussion point/ • •
photos via text message
Upload discussion point/ • • •
photos via browser or app
Photograph observations • •
about a site
Physical site visits •
Virtual site visits • • •
Issue timeline • • •
Access to city documents • • •
Discussion platform • • •
Visualize and layer • • •
city information
ACCESSIBILITY
Public Access (ie. Library) •
Prepaid or monthly • ∞*
contracts available
Mobility • • •
Connectivity without WiFi • •*
* = has limitations in some circumstances

16. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
System Diagrams
Stakeholder Map | Digital Touchpoint Matrix | Experience Map | Citizen Journeys
Awareness Initiation Information Measured Action Results
external sources influence knowledge
Site visit City plans and data Opinions and concerns Citizen holds a position for
the current situation Next steps
discussed;
nonlinear may return to
Become aware through Transition from another step
media channels and media to tool in the process
discussion Discussion
Outside action may be needed
Location-based
Response to city Reflection, consideration,
response information and response
nonlinear nonlinear

17. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
System Diagrams
Stakeholder Map | Digital Touchpoint Matrix | Experience Map | Citizen Journeys
Awareness Initiation Information Measured Action Results
external sources influence knowledge
Site visit City plans and data Opinions and concerns Citizen holds a position for
the current situation Next steps
discussed;
nonlinear may return to
Become aware through Transition from another step
media channels and media to tool in the process
discussion Discussion
Outside action may be needed
Location-based
Response to city Reflection, consideration,
response information and response
nonlinear nonlinear
AWARENESS INITIATION DELIBERATION MEASURED ACTION RESULTS

18. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
System Diagrams
Stakeholder Map | Digital Touchpoint Matrix | Experience Map | Citizen Journeys
Touchpoint Physical site touchpoint
AWARENESS INITIATION DELIBERATION MEASURED ACTION
AWARENESS/ DELIBERATION MEASURED ACTION
INITIATION

19. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
System Diagrams
Stakeholder Map | Digital Touchpoint Matrix | Experience Map | Citizen Journeys
Touchpoint Physical site touchpoint
AWARENESS INITIATION DELIBERATION MEASURED ACTION
AWARENESS/ DELIBERATION MEASURED ACTION
INITIATION
SETTING OF SETTING OF
INVESTIGATION ONE INVESTIGATION TWO
Reads article about the Peace
Stree Corridor Visioning Study.
lacks engagement with issue
Scans marker at end of article Participates in a site visit at the
with smartphone. Peace Street Corridor.
Continues to engage with
CityPlan at home and work.

20. INVESTIGATION ONE
Initial
Engagement

21. Peace St. Corridor
Visioning Study
Set up a
Site Visit!

22. INVESTIGATION TWO
Augmenting
Physical Sites

28. INVESTIGATION THREE
Facilitating
Deliberation

34. INVESTIGATION FOUR
Visualizing
Planning
Information

41. MOVING FORWARD
Next Steps

42. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
Next Steps
Findings | Next Steps
• Civic services can be flexible, easy to use,
and engaging for citizens.
• Designing for location-based technologies
requires consideration of everyday life.
• Interactive maps can address challenges present
in static visualizations of planning information.

43. Context / Diagrams / Investigations / Next Steps
Next Steps
Findings | Next Steps
• Develop an interactive mapping prototype.
• Consider how other forms of citizen participation
could be introduced in CityPlan.
• Engage with civic-minded individuals
and organizations.

44. Thank you.
Michael Joseph Carbaugh
Master of Graphic Design Candidate ‘12
North Carolina State University