HIV can infect the nervous system at any stage, potentially involving the brain, spinal cord, nerves or muscles. Common neurological syndromes include meningitis, dementia, peripheral neuropathies and myelopathies. Evaluation involves consideration of HIV stage and status, labs including spinal fluid analysis, imaging and testing for secondary infections. Treatment depends on identified primary or opportunistic causes but may include antiretrovirals, immune therapies or symptom management. Prognosis depends on specific syndrome and ability to treat any identified underlying cause.

1. HIV INFECTION AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Carolyn Barley Britton, M.D. Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons