This document summarizes several narrative theorists and their theories for analyzing film narratives. It discusses Todorov's theory of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and renewed equilibrium in narratives. It also briefly outlines Propp's theory of 8 character types in fairy tales, Barthes' concept of narratives establishing and solving an enigma, and Levi-Strauss' idea of binary oppositions creating tension between characters. The document applies Todorov's shortened theory to analyzing a film trailer in 3 parts: opening, build up, and problem/events.
3. TODOROV’S THEORY
Todorov’s theory is known as the classical
Hollywood theory, as it is in a linear structure.
His Theory:
• The film begins with an equilibrium, a calm period.
• Agents of disruption then cause disequilibrium, a
period of unsettlement and disquiet.
• This is then followed by a renewed state of peace
and harmony for the protagonists and a new
equilibrium brings the chaos to an end.
4. APPLYING TODOROV’S
THEORY TO A TRAILER
For a trailer we need to shorten Todorov’s theory into
the main parts and apply that to our work.
Shortened theory:
• Opening
• Build up
• Problem
• Events
5. VLADIMIR PROPP’S
THEORY
Vladimir’s theory shows that there are always 8 definite characters in fairy tales:
• Hero
• Villain
• Donor
• Dispatcher
• False Hero
• Helper
• Princess
• Princess’ Father
One character can have two functions, so there does not have to be 8 separate
characters. Each character has 31 things to do, this is in a sphere of action.
6. BARTHES’ ENIGMA CODE
Barthe’s theory is that narrative is to
establish a mystery (enigma) and to try
and solve that mystery.
7. LEVI-STRAUSS’ BINARY
OPPOSITION
His theory was that in a narrative
there needs to be tension between
characters. This can be as simple as
two characters fighting.
For e.g. (Good vs. Bad, Man vs.
Woman, Rich vs. Poor) etc.
