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User research in the
development of PoliMedia
         Max Kemman
  Erasmus University Rotterdam
User research
• Understanding the user
  – Acceptance
  – Performance
  – Capabilities
  – Weaknesses
• Goal
  – Creating a system that is intuitive and helpful to
    the users

                   PoliMedia symposium: User research in the
                                                               2
                          development of PoliMedia
User research in the development
                 process
• Review related search systems
    –   Staten Generaal Digitaal
    –   Political Mashup
    –   Newspaper database KB
    –   Academia
• Learn search behaviour from users
    – Survey regarding search strategies
    – Interviews
•   User wishes → user requirements
•   Wireframes
•   Prototype
•   Evaluation

                        PoliMedia symposium: User research in the
                                                                    3
                               development of PoliMedia
Don’t
                   Sometimes
                                                     Very often


                                             Often


                                 Regularly




           Never


know it
Google
                                                                  • N=294

Google Images
Google Scholar
YouTube
JSTOR
                               Uitzending Gemist
 KB
                                                                  • Popular search engines




 Flickr
 EBSCO
                                                                                               Survey




                   Nationaal Archief
                   Web of Knowledge
 Yahoo!
 Bing
             Academia.nl
                                                                                      General search strategies




             Europeana
           Scopus
          Microsoft Academic Search
  4




          EUscreen
          Arkyves
Survey
General search strategies


                                      1. Keywords 4,75
                                      2. Advanced search 3,36
                                      3. Related terms 2,52
                                      4. Boolean 2,42
                                      5. Browsing subject
                                         categories 2,29
                                      6. Filters 2,19
                                      7. Thesaurus 1,87
                                      8. Visualization 1,22
      PoliMedia symposium: User research in the
                                                                5
             development of PoliMedia
Survey
                 Conclusions
• Google is the dominant search engine
• This has two consequences
  1. People compare other search systems to their
     experience with Google
  2. The search task is mainly performed by using
     keywords




                PoliMedia symposium: User research in the
                                                            6
                       development of PoliMedia
Interviews
• N=5
• Quantitative (n=2) as well as qualitative (n=4)
• Main themes
   – How do people search currently?
   – What could be improved about current search systems?
   – What should PoliMedia offer, given its goals?
• Results
   – 39 user wishes
   – Prioritized internally
      • 19 user wishes deemed out of scope
      • 20 user requirements

                      PoliMedia symposium: User research in the
                                                                  7
                             development of PoliMedia
Interviews
                                Findings
• Key issue is to provide a good overview of data
   – Why are search results retrieved
   – How are search results ranked
• Assumptions of relevance
   – Higher frequency of keywords indicated higher relevancy to query?
   – Longer segments (speeches and articles) indicate higher importance?
• Many more or less out-of-scope wishes to make current research
  easier
   – Sentiment-metadata
   – Context metadata
       •   Roles of people
       •   Links to external databases
       •   Types of documents
       •   Types of presentation (dramatic, humoristic, etc.)
   – Ability to export to own software

                            PoliMedia symposium: User research in the
                                                                           8
                                   development of PoliMedia
Wireframes
Search interface
                                             • Clear and
                                               immediate
                                               keyword-search
                                             • Support for
                                               Booleans and
                                               (some) Google-
                                               search operators
                                             • Separate
                                               advanced-search



 PoliMedia symposium: User research in the
                                                                  9
        development of PoliMedia
Wireframes
Search results
                                            • Keyword search
                                              remains
                                              prominent
                                            • User chosen
                                              ranking of results
                                            • Keyword
                                              highlighting
                                            • Overview of
                                              related media
                                            • Support for
                                              filtering

PoliMedia symposium: User research in the
                                                             10
       development of PoliMedia
Wireframes
Debate page

        • Keyword search
          remains
          prominent
        • Overview of
          people in debate
        • Easy access to
          related material

                             11
Evaluation
• General usability evaluation
  – N=5
  – Check user requirements
  – General usability issues
• Search behaviour evaluation
  – What role do facets play in the search behaviour?
  – What is the influence of a uniform search
    interface?

                 PoliMedia symposium: User research in the
                                                             12
                        development of PoliMedia

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User research in the development of PoliMedia

  • 1. User research in the development of PoliMedia Max Kemman Erasmus University Rotterdam
  • 2. User research • Understanding the user – Acceptance – Performance – Capabilities – Weaknesses • Goal – Creating a system that is intuitive and helpful to the users PoliMedia symposium: User research in the 2 development of PoliMedia
  • 3. User research in the development process • Review related search systems – Staten Generaal Digitaal – Political Mashup – Newspaper database KB – Academia • Learn search behaviour from users – Survey regarding search strategies – Interviews • User wishes → user requirements • Wireframes • Prototype • Evaluation PoliMedia symposium: User research in the 3 development of PoliMedia
  • 4. Don’t Sometimes Very often Often Regularly Never know it Google • N=294 Google Images Google Scholar YouTube JSTOR Uitzending Gemist KB • Popular search engines Flickr EBSCO Survey Nationaal Archief Web of Knowledge Yahoo! Bing Academia.nl General search strategies Europeana Scopus Microsoft Academic Search 4 EUscreen Arkyves
  • 5. Survey General search strategies 1. Keywords 4,75 2. Advanced search 3,36 3. Related terms 2,52 4. Boolean 2,42 5. Browsing subject categories 2,29 6. Filters 2,19 7. Thesaurus 1,87 8. Visualization 1,22 PoliMedia symposium: User research in the 5 development of PoliMedia
  • 6. Survey Conclusions • Google is the dominant search engine • This has two consequences 1. People compare other search systems to their experience with Google 2. The search task is mainly performed by using keywords PoliMedia symposium: User research in the 6 development of PoliMedia
  • 7. Interviews • N=5 • Quantitative (n=2) as well as qualitative (n=4) • Main themes – How do people search currently? – What could be improved about current search systems? – What should PoliMedia offer, given its goals? • Results – 39 user wishes – Prioritized internally • 19 user wishes deemed out of scope • 20 user requirements PoliMedia symposium: User research in the 7 development of PoliMedia
  • 8. Interviews Findings • Key issue is to provide a good overview of data – Why are search results retrieved – How are search results ranked • Assumptions of relevance – Higher frequency of keywords indicated higher relevancy to query? – Longer segments (speeches and articles) indicate higher importance? • Many more or less out-of-scope wishes to make current research easier – Sentiment-metadata – Context metadata • Roles of people • Links to external databases • Types of documents • Types of presentation (dramatic, humoristic, etc.) – Ability to export to own software PoliMedia symposium: User research in the 8 development of PoliMedia
  • 9. Wireframes Search interface • Clear and immediate keyword-search • Support for Booleans and (some) Google- search operators • Separate advanced-search PoliMedia symposium: User research in the 9 development of PoliMedia
  • 10. Wireframes Search results • Keyword search remains prominent • User chosen ranking of results • Keyword highlighting • Overview of related media • Support for filtering PoliMedia symposium: User research in the 10 development of PoliMedia
  • 11. Wireframes Debate page • Keyword search remains prominent • Overview of people in debate • Easy access to related material 11
  • 12. Evaluation • General usability evaluation – N=5 – Check user requirements – General usability issues • Search behaviour evaluation – What role do facets play in the search behaviour? – What is the influence of a uniform search interface? PoliMedia symposium: User research in the 12 development of PoliMedia