This document provides an overview of cloud computing and discusses its history, types, providers, costs and security considerations. Some key points: - Cloud computing has its origins in the 1960s but has grown substantially in recent years as technology has advanced. It allows users to access applications and store data over the internet. - There are different types of cloud computing models including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) and others. - Major cloud providers include companies like Amazon, Google, Microsoft and others. When evaluating providers, considerations include costs, performance, security, support and service level agreements. - The document examines

1. 9/5/2013 Martin Huth 2013 1
Martin Huth
The leading name in IT Solution Software
Presents
Cloud Computing
“The Future of Computing”

2. 9/5/2013 Martin Huth 2013 2
Cloud Computing
“The future of Computing”

3. A short history of
“Cloud Computing”
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 3
PC Client Server Web Services
Cloud Services

4. Cloud Computing is a new and exciting trend which many businesses, even in the
information technology field, are a little “cloudy” about.
Introduction
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 4
What are the advantages of cloud computing, as opposed to
maintaining an infrastructure?
Are there different levels or types of cloud computing?
Who exactly are these cloud computing providers?
Are there security ramifications when utilizing cloud
computing?
How much control do you have over your data when you
migrate to the cloud?

5. Introduction
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 5
As a result of the current world economic situation, any solutions that offer
substantial cost savings will attract consideration from financial officers. Chief
Information Officers and other technology professionals, both in the private and
public sector, must be prepared to answer questions on this type of technology.
Technology professionals must be prepared to move their organization in the right
technological direction, be that to the cloud or continuing to maintain an independent
infrastructure or in many cases a hybrid solution.

6. • What is cloud computing anyway?
• What exactly is the history of cloud computing?
• What is the status of cloud computing today?
• Who are the cloud computing service providers?
• What is the cost and cost savings in respect to cloud computing?
• Security and cloud computing – is it safe?
• Who is using cloud computing today?
• Is there a long term track record?
Questions About The Cloud
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 6
And finally….
Is cloud computing a realistic option for local government (using the
Borough of West Chester as a case study)?

7. The idea of “cloud computing” dates as far back as the 1960s, when John McCarthy
envisioned a time when “computation [is] organized as a public utility”.
This vision of McCarthy’s is somewhat profound, considering where computing actually
was in the 1960s. The 1960s represent what many refer to as the “second generation”
of computers. Computers of the era were of solid-state design and relied on transistors.
1960 brought into being the first small computer with its own keyboard and monitor.
The term “computer” had not even been used at this point. The creator of this first
small computer, Digital Equipment Corporation, called it a “Programmed Data
Processor”. It sold for between $125,000 and $150,000. It is in this technologic
environment that John McCarthy, an American computer scientist, spoke of organized
computation similar to a public utility being possible in the future.
Cloud Computing – Not Such a New Idea
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 7

8. Shortly after the dot-com bubble (1995-2000), the online shopping company Amazon
played a major role in the development of cloud computing by redesigning their data
centres. Amazon was trying to find a way to use more of their computer network
capacity, which was about 90% unused. The company eventually initiated a new
product and launched Amazon Web Services (AWS) in 2006, which offered cloud
computing for external customers.
Google, IBM and a number of universities followed Amazon’s lead and in 2007 started a
large and coordinated cloud computing research project. By this point cloud computing
was marching forward with some organizations switching away from company-owned
hardware and software assets.
Cloud Computing – Not Such a New Idea
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 8

9. The Hidden World of Cloud Computing
Here are some examples of currently accepted “cloud computing” services which many
businesses have been utilizing for at least the past 5 years.
Remote backup services: Many businesses remotely back up data. This service has become
much more cost effective and applicable because of affordably increased bandwidth capacity.
The continued trend in high bandwidth availability has spawned many credible online backup
services such as Corbonite and Mozy.
Email Services: Email services such as Google (Gmail), Microsoft (Hotmail) and America
Online (AOL) provide email services in which account holders connect through their browser.
These email providers store the account holder’s email at their data centres.
Invoicing Services: Recently companies such as FreshBooks have begun offering invoicing
services to companies, in which all invoicing needs are handled through the customer’s
browser with the data being stored at a remote data centre. This allows companies to offer
professional invoicing while maintaining the smallest possible computing infrastructure in
order to keep cost down.
If “cloud computing” is broadly defined as having applications and data stored
and accessed remotely, then these services are evidence that “cloud computing”
has indeed been used for much longer then most businesses would initially
believe.
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 9

10. Defining Cloud Computing
For business purposes, cloud computing is defined as “anything used outside of a
system’s firewall”. However even this definition alone, simple as it may be, does not
accurately describe the evolving concept of cloud computing. Once thoroughly
researched, it becomes quickly apparent that cloud computing almost always
includes a pay-per-use or subscription service.
Quite simply, cloud computing can be accurately described as:
1. Anything outside of your system’s firewall
2. Including a pay-per-use or subscription service that extends a business’
information technology, using the internet as the primary access point.
9/5/2013
Martin Huth
10

11. Defining Cloud Computing
One thing is for certain.
Cloud computing today remains true to John McCarthy’s 1960s vision of
utility computing, where companies purchase their computing needs in
the same manner as conventional utility services such as electricity,
water, telephone access and television.
This basically replaces the existing information technology model of
major capital investment with a pay-as-you-go philosophy in its place.
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 11

12. Approaches to Cloud Computing
Software as a Service (SaaS) has been gaining strength as the most successful
model with respect to cloud computing. Specific applications for countless
numbers of users are accessed through their internet browsers. For the
customer, there is no capital investment in servers and many times only the
internet browser is necessary to access their applications and data.
Most of the responsibility for security management lies with the cloud
provider. An addition SaaS provides a number of ways to control access such
as management of user identities, application level configuration and the
ability to restrict access to specific IP address ranges or geographies.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 12

13. Approaches to Cloud Computing
Managed Service Providers (MSPs) or Platform as a Service is another
approach. MSPs offer various services interfacing with the information
technology departments of business rather than the individual end users.
Desktop management, application monitoring, anti-virus scanning and anti-
spam filtering are common offerings from MSPs. This, of course, usually
requires more management from the end user as opposed to SaaS.
The Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model transfers even more control
and responsibility for security from the cloud provider to the client. In this
model, the end user can often access the operating system that supports
the visual images, networking and storage.
MSPs and IaaS Services
9/5/2013
Martin Huth
13

14. Cloud Deployment Models
Public Cloud (or External Cloud)
Services are provided on an as-needed, pay-as-you-go basis over the internet by
using web applications and services from a remote third party provider.
Community Cloud
Community Clouds may involve several organizations with similar mission
statements who seek to share infrastructure cost and management. Security
and control is enhanced, because fewer users are accessing the information in
this manner, as opposed to the public cloud. This is usually more expensive
than a public cloud; however, the enhanced security and privacy may be
attractive enough to warrant the additional cost.
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 14

15. Cloud Deployment Models
Hybrid Cloud
Hybrid Clouds often use a combination of public and private storage clouds. Archiving
and backup functions allowing local data to be replicated to a public cloud is a good
example of this type of deployment.
Organizations may elect to use physical hardware and virtualized cloud server
instances together to provide a single common source.
Combined Cloud
Combined Clouds consist of multiple internal and external providers. By integrating
multiple cloud services users are often able to ease their way into cloud computing.
Private Cloud (or Internal Cloud)
Private Clouds strive to emulate public clouds but on a local level. These services offer
products where host applications are available on virtual machines within a host’s
own environment. This type of “private cloud” offers the benefit of utility computing
and shared infrastructure cost. There is, however, a much larger infrastructure cost
here then with the other cloud types, which minimizes the benefits of cost saving and
information technology management.
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 15

16. Evaluating Cloud Computing Service Providers
Cost
Of course, the most attractive part of moving away from an infrastructure situation
to cloud computing is saving money for the organization.
Performance
Determine where the cloud providers are geographically located and be aware that
application performance results can be impacted by this situation.
Data and Security
Although the potential cloud provider may host data in a data centre facility, this
does not necessarily mean that the provider has made any special arrangements to
protect data. Firewall services may still be required on the business’ end and
encryption of data necessary. Users should also be aware of where the data is
actually being stored, which in some cases may be processed through state or local
regulations.
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 16

17. Evaluating Cloud Computing Service Providers
Service Level Agreements
Service level agreements (SLA) are crucial in predicting a cloud computer provider’s
confidence in respect to its service delivery platform. The closer to 100 percent
computing availability is obviously where businesses want this to be.
Support
This is one of the areas where cloud computing providers reportedly need to
improve. At this point, cloud providers are not known for offering strong support. This
is bound to change, as cloud computing continues to mature. However, for mission
critical agencies, this could be a challenge. Determining the hours of support
available, turnaround time guarantees, and annual service contract cost projections is
vital in order to make sure that service requirements are achieved.
Putting It All Together
A Request for Proposal is probably a good idea to gain, to put all of these evaluation
points together and to clearly identify the specific needs of the business. By writing a
clear and precise Request for Approval and distributing it to available cloud providers,
a good understanding will be had regarding the cloud computing options.
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 17

18. Identifying What Has Cloud Potential
Finding success through “cloud computing” must include identifying from the outset
what cannot be accomplished effectively and efficiently by the cloud.
Once these technical issues are identified, the services that remain outside of the
cloud and inside the organization’s network infrastructure will of course impact the
projected technology savings.
Consideration should also include the age and condition of the various computing
and networking parts in the existing infrastructure. It is this consideration that can
result in deployment into “cloud computing” occurring at multiple phases, spanning
several years.
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 18

19. Cloud Providers Are Everywhere
Google Apps
With the Google Apps Engine users can build, run and maintain their
applications on Google’s infrastructure with no servers to maintain.
Rackspace
Rackspace delivers servers on-demand via a cloud-driven platform of
virtualized servers.
GoGrid
The Gogrid platform allows users to deploy Web and database cloud services,
mount infinite-volume cloud storage, create, save and deploy custom cloud
server images.
Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud
Enterprise Cloud provides companies with two cloud options. First businesses
can build a private, in-house cloud behind the firewall.
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 19

20. Cloud Providers Are Everywhere.
VMware
Recently VMware, Cisco and EMC created a virtual computing environment
(VCE) coalition to offer a complete virtual data center product set that takes
the best elements from each vendor’s portfolio.
Verizon Cloud Services
Verizon recently began providing cloud services offering an enterprise-grade IT
solution allowing the customer to purchase services as needed and pay-as-you
go allowing scaling up or down as needed.
And of course
Microsoft Cloud Services
Perhaps a little late to the game, however Microsoft has become a strong cloud
provider during the past couple of years and with Microsoft 365 their footprint
is only going to get bigger.
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 20

21. Reviewing The Need
Network Infrastructure
Every organization's network infrastructure is different, with some more
complex then others. These infrastructures mature and grow over time, as the
organization’s needs change and new technologies become available.
This situation is of course the same for all businesses. As recently as the early
1990s, local area networks (LANs) were almost non-existent. What networking
there was was contained to local workgroups in specific departments.
9/5/2013
Martin Huth
21

22. Reviewing The Need - Infrastructure
Network Infrastructure
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 22
• 3 File Servers (applications, payroll, mapping, archiving, user files, etc.)
• AV (anti-virus) Server
• Security Profile Server (Websense)
• Citrix Server (remote access)
• Exchange Server (email services)
• 2 Audio Recorder Servers (police – radio & telecommunications)
• 2 Video Records (building security & criminal officer interviews)
• I-COP Server (police vehicle recordings)
• Toshiba Server (phone system & unified messaging)
• Information Technology Work Orders Server (Track-It!)
That’s a total of 14 server based pieces of hardware.

23. Reviewing The Need – IT Staffing
Information Technology Staffing
An honest look at staffing must be evaluated in order to determine if moving
any service to the cloud would be of benefit to your organization. Obviously
the more services in “the cloud” the less on premises IT staffing is required.
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 23
In the case of the this example, one individual acts in the following
roles:
• Chief Information Officer
• Chief Technology Officer
• Help Desk Technician
• Chief Communication Officer*
* Manages all elements of the Police
Department’s Emergency Dispatch Services

24. Reviewing The Need – IT Staffing
Information Technology Staffing
Looking at the example, which is in a very unique position where all elements
of information technology are managed by one individual, the overall cost of
providing this service is very small.
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 24
$18,059,057.00
, 99%
$180,317.14
, 1%
IT Budget
Total Cost of Information Technology
Information Technology cost which includes
network hardware, service contracts,
software and staffing has remained
consistently at about 1% of the overall
budget.
Although this low cost may seen
unsustainable, given the current state of
the world economic situation, it would
be in the borough’s best interest to work
towards maintaining this low cost for as
long as possible. …could the answer be in the clouds?
2011
Budget

25. Reviewing The Need – Technology Services
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 25
After looking at the business’ infrastructure and staffing situation, the next
evaluation should involve “need”. What services that the business is currently
providing should be considered for cloud services?
In this case, the obvious target for cloud services was email services. Why?
• The mail server is replaced every 3-4 years at an estimated cost of $15,000 to
$20,000.
• The mail server is often the most taxing of all the servers in respect to maintenance.
• The mail server must of course be backed up, both onsite and remotely.
• Archiving continues to become more challenging in respect to “open records”
requirements.
• Spam Filtering and Virus Control can be demanding.

26. Finding a Provider
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 26
Once email services were targeted, research was required in order to find potential
solutions, vendors and identifying advantages, disadvantages and cost.
Research was conducted through the following channels:
• Contact with the technology partner, CDW-G for recommendations and solutions.
• Finding and reviewing relevant “white papers” and “case studies”.
• Finding and reviewing currently technology articles regarding cloud services and
cloud providers.
Afterwards:
• Focusing on two (2) providers which had consistent positive reviews and which went
where current trends were heading.

27. Considering Providers
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 27
Choosing a provider can be a very daunting and challenging task. No one wants to
choose the wrong provider of any service. Therefore take time, prepare a plan and
conduct fair and consistent interviews.
How to do this:
Prepare an “interview script”.
The “interview script” should include:
• A description of the organization’s information technology infrastructure.
• A description of the staffing situation.
• A description of how email services are currently deployed and managed.
• Detail of shared calendars, public folders.
• Detail of how email is accessed on premises and remotely.
• Detail of how smartphones and other mobile devices are utilized.
• List a series of a questions that respond to any questions and concerns the
business have.

28. Considering Providers
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 28
With this “interview script” in hand, the example company scheduled and
conducted interviews and follow-up interviews with representatives from
Microsoft and Google.
The interview and evaluation process proceeded over a two month period.
During this time, the “interview script” notes were reviewed after being
completed during the interviews.
Research was made into their responses through published “case studies” and
“white papers”.
Contact was maintained with the representatives, by asking questions and
following up as needed to understand and validate the information provided.
Then, the final choice….

29. Making a Decision
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 29
Every CIO must make decisions with the best interest of their organization in mind.
Because the cited example has only one staff member managing and providing all
technology services, the ability to reduce some overhead is critical to maintaining
such a small footprint on the budget.
The Microsoft “Exchange Online” service is built with Microsoft Office
(and Outlook) in mind. On the other handle Google Apps of course utilizes
their existing G-Mail infrastructure.
Because of this information, the choice to be made had to be made with
all the aspects in mind. In the end, Google Apps was chosen, as it was
headed in the right directions and took all the considerations necessary.

30. Martin Huth
The leading name in IT Solution Software
9/5/2013 Martin Huth 30
Contact us today
Call us on
+49 30 2337 1234
or
visit us at
WWW.MARTINHUTH.COM