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An Overview of Usage Data Formats for
Recommendations in TEL
Short paper


                                                               Katja Niemann
                                                               Maren Scheffel
                                                               Martin Wolpers




© Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
Usage Data

 Focus here on the following domains
      Learning analytics
      Educational data mining


 Examples of successful use
      Identification of irregularities of learning behaviour of students
      Reflection and comparison of learning activities among students of a
       learning group
      Personalized recommender systems




© Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
Comparison of prominent formats



 Contextualized Attention Metadata

 Activity Streams

 Learning Registry Paradata

 NSDL Paradata



  Enhance the interoperability among usage data analysis tools
     and usage data storage silos



© Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
Contextualized Attention Metadata (CAM)

     Schmitz, H.-C., Wolpers, M., Kirschenmann, U., Niemann, K. 2012. ‚Contextualized Attention Metadata’.
     Human Attention in Digital Environments,
     Eds: Claudia Roda, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, US, 2012
     http://www.cup.es/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521765657




        Core features
             Event representation links entities without fixed roles
             Linked Data approach to entities and events (open definition)


© Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
Activity Streams


  Snell, J., Atkins, M., Norris, W., Messina, C., Wilkinson, M., Dolin, R. 2012. JSON Activity Streams 1.0,
  http://activitystrea.ms/specs/json/1.0/




        Core features
             Activity representation links entities with fixed roles
             Sequence of activity objects represent activity stream
             Aims to provide usage info about single objects

© Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
Learning Registry Paradata

  Paradata Specification V1.0.
  https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IrOYXd3S0FUwNozaEG5tM7Ki4_AZPrBn-pbyVUz-Bh0/edit?hl=en_US&pli=1#




        Core features
             Modified Activity Streams format
             Used for aggregate representations



© Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
NSDL Paradata
        NSDL Paradata, 2012.
        https://wiki.ucar.edu/display/nsdldocs/comm_para+%28paradata+-+usage+data%29




        Core features
             Object-centric representation of usage of resource
             Collection of all usage info in one representation per object

© Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
Conclusion and next steps



Automatic Mapping: no one-size-fits-all mapping among the formats is
  possible!
 Extendable schemas
 Vocabularies not specified completely
 Open definition of some elements  metadata schemas that can
  include unknown schemas


 Automatic mapping: rules sets based on specific usage scenarios!
 Then: Generalize over rules sets to create less scenario specific rule
  sets.



© Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
Thanks a lot!



Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT


Katja Niemann
Maren Scheffel
Martin Wolpers


First.last@fit.fraunhofer.de


Schloss Birlinghoven
53754 Sankt Augustin



© Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT

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An Overview of Usage Data Formats for Recommendations in TEL

  • 1. An Overview of Usage Data Formats for Recommendations in TEL Short paper Katja Niemann Maren Scheffel Martin Wolpers © Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
  • 2. Usage Data  Focus here on the following domains  Learning analytics  Educational data mining  Examples of successful use  Identification of irregularities of learning behaviour of students  Reflection and comparison of learning activities among students of a learning group  Personalized recommender systems © Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
  • 3. Comparison of prominent formats  Contextualized Attention Metadata  Activity Streams  Learning Registry Paradata  NSDL Paradata   Enhance the interoperability among usage data analysis tools and usage data storage silos © Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
  • 4. Contextualized Attention Metadata (CAM) Schmitz, H.-C., Wolpers, M., Kirschenmann, U., Niemann, K. 2012. ‚Contextualized Attention Metadata’. Human Attention in Digital Environments, Eds: Claudia Roda, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, US, 2012 http://www.cup.es/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521765657 Core features  Event representation links entities without fixed roles  Linked Data approach to entities and events (open definition) © Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
  • 5. Activity Streams Snell, J., Atkins, M., Norris, W., Messina, C., Wilkinson, M., Dolin, R. 2012. JSON Activity Streams 1.0, http://activitystrea.ms/specs/json/1.0/ Core features  Activity representation links entities with fixed roles  Sequence of activity objects represent activity stream  Aims to provide usage info about single objects © Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
  • 6. Learning Registry Paradata Paradata Specification V1.0. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IrOYXd3S0FUwNozaEG5tM7Ki4_AZPrBn-pbyVUz-Bh0/edit?hl=en_US&pli=1# Core features  Modified Activity Streams format  Used for aggregate representations © Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
  • 7. NSDL Paradata NSDL Paradata, 2012. https://wiki.ucar.edu/display/nsdldocs/comm_para+%28paradata+-+usage+data%29 Core features  Object-centric representation of usage of resource  Collection of all usage info in one representation per object © Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
  • 8. Conclusion and next steps Automatic Mapping: no one-size-fits-all mapping among the formats is possible!  Extendable schemas  Vocabularies not specified completely  Open definition of some elements  metadata schemas that can include unknown schemas  Automatic mapping: rules sets based on specific usage scenarios!  Then: Generalize over rules sets to create less scenario specific rule sets. © Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT
  • 9. Thanks a lot! Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT Katja Niemann Maren Scheffel Martin Wolpers First.last@fit.fraunhofer.de Schloss Birlinghoven 53754 Sankt Augustin © Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT