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CS 354 Understanding Color

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Mark Kilgard
Mark Kilgard

CS 354 Computer Graphics University of Texas, Austin February 21, 2012

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CS 354 Understanding Color Mark Kilgard University of Texas February 21, 2012
Today’s material ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
My Office Hours ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Last time, this time ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Daily Quiz ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Compositing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Intra-pixel Regions for Compositing ,[object Object],A ∩ ~B ~A ∩ B ~A ∩ ~B Source: SVG Compositing Specification
Compositing Digital Images ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Porter-Duff Composite Operators
Porter & Duff Modes Porter & Duff blend modes 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 Y 0 0 0 Clear 1 0 0 Xor 0 1 Bc Dst-atop 1 1 Ac Src-atop 1 0 0 Dst-out 0 0 0 Src-out 0 0 Bc Dst-In 0 1 Ac Src-In 1 1 Bc Dst-Over 1 1 Ac Src-Over 1 1 Bc Dst 0 1 Ac Src Z X f(Ac,Bc) Operation
Porter & Duff Modes Expanded Uncorrelated blend mode expansion of Porter & Duff blend modes 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 Z 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 Y 0 0 0 Clear Aca×(1-Ba)+(1-Aa)×Bca 0 0 Xor (1-Ba)×Aca+Aa×Bca 1 Bc Dst-atop Aca×Ba+(1-Aa)×Bca 1 Ac Src-atop (1-Aa)×Bca 0 0 Dst-out (1-Ba)×Aca 0 0 Src-out Bca×Aa 0 Bc Dst-In Aca×Ba 1 Ac Src-In Bca+(1-Ba)×Aca 1 Bc Dst-Over Aca+(1-Aa)×Bca 1 Ac Src-Over Bca 1 Bc Dst Aca 1 Ac Src Blend mode X f(Ac,Bc) Operation
Porter & Duff for glBlendFunc GL_ONE_MINS_DST_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA GL_DST_ALPHA GL_ZERO GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA GL_ZERO GL_DST_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA GL_ONE GL_ZERO GL_ONE GL_ZERO srcFactor Aca×(1-Ba)+(1-Aa)×Bca (1-Ba)×Aca+Aa×Bca Aca×Ba+(1-Aa)×Bca (1-Aa)×Bca (1-Ba)×Aca Bca×Aa Aca×Ba Bca+(1-Ba)×Aca Aca+(1-Aa)×Bca Bca Aca 0 Blend mode GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA GL_DST_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA GL_ZERO GL_SRC_ALPHA GL_ZERO GL_ONE GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA GL_ONE GL_ZERO GL_ZERO dstFactor Clear Xor Dst-atop Src-atop Dst-out Src-out Dst-In Src-In Dst-Over Src-Over Dst Src Operation
Hardware Blending supports all Porter-Duff Blend Modes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Additional Blend Modes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aliased Jagged artifacts
Multi-sample 8x Smoother appearance
Multi-sample Coverage Positions 4x jittered 1x (aliased) 8x jittered 4x orthogonal
Requesting Multisampling in GLUT ,[object Object],[object Object],Aliased 8x multisampling
Color Perception ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Adding Light Energy ,[object Object],[object Object]
Subtractive Color ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Trichromatic Biological Basis ,[object Object]
Color Blindness ,[object Object],Top : 25, 45, 8 Bottom : 6, 56
Tristimulus Values ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C(  ) T 1 , T 2 , T 3 cones optic nerve
Implications of Three Color Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Limitations on Color Reproduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tristimulus Coordinates For any set of primaries, define Note
Maxwell Triangle ,[object Object],Project onto 2D: chromaticity space 1 1 T 1 + T 2 +T 3 =1 1 color solid t 1 t 2 1 1 t 1 + t 2 =1 possible colors
NTSC RGB Maxwell Triangle 1 1 r g r+g+b=1 r+g=1
Producing Other Colors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
XYZ Color Space ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Real Color Spaces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Color Gamuts spectral colors printer colors CRT colors 350 nm 750 nm 600 nm producible color on CRT but not on printer producible color on both CRT and printer unproducible color
YIQ Color Space for TV ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Intuitive Color Spaces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hue 3D space for HSL HSV – Hue, Saturation, Value color picker
Gamma Correction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Non-linear Color Display Issues ,[object Object],[object Object],Conventional rendering (uncorrected color) Gamma correct (sRGB rendered) Softer and more natural Unnaturally deep facial shadows NVIDIA’s Adriana GeForce 8 Launch Demo
What is sRGB? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],sRGB chromaticity
So why sRGB? Standard Windows Display is Not Gamma Corrected ,[object Object],[object Object],“ Expected” appearance of Windows desktop & icons but 3D lighting too dark Wash-ed out desktop appearance if color response was linear but 3D lighting is reasonable Gamma 1.0 Gamma 2.2 linear color response
Relevance to Graphics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key Color Observations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Next Lecture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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CS 354 Understanding Color

  • 1. CS 354 Understanding Color Mark Kilgard University of Texas February 21, 2012
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 10. Porter & Duff Modes Porter & Duff blend modes 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 Y 0 0 0 Clear 1 0 0 Xor 0 1 Bc Dst-atop 1 1 Ac Src-atop 1 0 0 Dst-out 0 0 0 Src-out 0 0 Bc Dst-In 0 1 Ac Src-In 1 1 Bc Dst-Over 1 1 Ac Src-Over 1 1 Bc Dst 0 1 Ac Src Z X f(Ac,Bc) Operation
  • 11. Porter & Duff Modes Expanded Uncorrelated blend mode expansion of Porter & Duff blend modes 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 Z 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 Y 0 0 0 Clear Aca×(1-Ba)+(1-Aa)×Bca 0 0 Xor (1-Ba)×Aca+Aa×Bca 1 Bc Dst-atop Aca×Ba+(1-Aa)×Bca 1 Ac Src-atop (1-Aa)×Bca 0 0 Dst-out (1-Ba)×Aca 0 0 Src-out Bca×Aa 0 Bc Dst-In Aca×Ba 1 Ac Src-In Bca+(1-Ba)×Aca 1 Bc Dst-Over Aca+(1-Aa)×Bca 1 Ac Src-Over Bca 1 Bc Dst Aca 1 Ac Src Blend mode X f(Ac,Bc) Operation
  • 12. Porter & Duff for glBlendFunc GL_ONE_MINS_DST_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA GL_DST_ALPHA GL_ZERO GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA GL_ZERO GL_DST_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA GL_ONE GL_ZERO GL_ONE GL_ZERO srcFactor Aca×(1-Ba)+(1-Aa)×Bca (1-Ba)×Aca+Aa×Bca Aca×Ba+(1-Aa)×Bca (1-Aa)×Bca (1-Ba)×Aca Bca×Aa Aca×Ba Bca+(1-Ba)×Aca Aca+(1-Aa)×Bca Bca Aca 0 Blend mode GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA GL_DST_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA GL_ZERO GL_SRC_ALPHA GL_ZERO GL_ONE GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA GL_ONE GL_ZERO GL_ZERO dstFactor Clear Xor Dst-atop Src-atop Dst-out Src-out Dst-In Src-In Dst-Over Src-Over Dst Src Operation
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 17. Multi-sample Coverage Positions 4x jittered 1x (aliased) 8x jittered 4x orthogonal
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
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  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. Tristimulus Coordinates For any set of primaries, define Note
  • 28.
  • 29. NTSC RGB Maxwell Triangle 1 1 r g r+g+b=1 r+g=1
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33. Color Gamuts spectral colors printer colors CRT colors 350 nm 750 nm 600 nm producible color on CRT but not on printer producible color on both CRT and printer unproducible color
  • 34.
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  • 41.
  • 42.