Portfolio pdf maritza level 4th

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MARITZA
TULCANAZA
Fourth level
State Polytechnic
university of
carchi

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INDEX
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………..……………….…1
PERSONAL INTRODUCTION………………………………………….6
DOSSIER
TASKS
Security in Tulcan……………………………………………………………………...9
My Life in University…………………………………………………………….…...10
Problems of Adolescents…………………………………………………….11-12-13
E-mail of Suggestions…………………………………………………..……………14
Paragraphs
Railroad Station………………………………………………………………………15
Plan…………………………………………………………………………………….15
Symbols……………………………………………………………………………….16
Pants………………………….……………………………………………………….16
Ceremonies…………………………………………………………………………...17
Patrol……………………………………………………………………………….….17
Remain………………………………………………………………………………...18
Origin…………………………………………………………………………………..18
Adult……………………………………………………………………………………19
Face to face………………………………………………………………………......19
My Family……………………………………………………………………………..20
Biography………………………………………………………………………....21-22
Letter of Application………………………………………………………………22-23
Wonders of Ecuador
Yahuarcocha lagoon…………………………………………………………………24

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Historic Center of Quito…………………………………………………….……..…24
Chimborazo Volcano…………………………………………………………………25
Global Warming………………………………………………………………………26
Shopping Center Snail……………………………………………………………….27
Shopping Center Yolis……………………………………………………………….28
Shopping Center Hurricane…………………………………………………………29
Aki…………………………………………………………………………………...…30
An Invitation Letter…………………………………………………………………...31
Sports………………………………………………………………………………….32
EXPOSITIONS
Why is Technology Important……………………………………………………….34
The Great Wall of China…………………………………………………….……….35
Yahuarcocha………………………………………………………………………….36
Shopping Center Snail……………………………………………………………….37
Shopping Center Yolis……………………………………………………………….38
Shopping Center Hurricane…………………………………………………………39
Aki…………………………………………………………………………………...…40
PERSONAL RESOURCES
Sun Safety for Kids
Sun-protective Hats and Clothing…………………………………………..42-43-44
Sun-Protective Clothing................................................................................45-46
Sunscreen………………………………………………………………………….....46
UVA UVB………………………………………………………………………47-48-49
Shade / UV Index…………………………………………….……………….49-50-51
Sunglasses…………………………………………………………………………....51
Curriculum……………………………………….………………………………..51-52

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Personnel………………………………………………………………………….52-53
Communication…………………………………………………………….……..53-54
Vitamin D………………………………………………………….…………..54-55-56
Project
Tips to Avoid Becoming a Friend of the Crime Victim……………………………56
An Email Giving Advice……………………………………………………………...57
Project Question……………………….…………………………………………..…58
Dialogue from a Friend who had an Accident…………………………………..…59
That should do and Should not do Online…………………………………………59
Comparing my Family Members………………………………………………...….60
Biography of Beatrix Potter………………………………………………….61-62-63
An Application Letter……………………………………………..………………….63
Project
Tradition of Ecuador……………………………………………………………….…64
Job Interview……………………………………………….…………………………65
Should Children Work? Why not? .....................................................................65
Imagine you are a 15-year-old Victorian Boy……………………………..………65
Project
Statements About Places in the World…………………………………………….66
Project
A Tour Guide………………………………………………………………………….67
A Pros and Cons Essay……………………………………………………………..68
Ecuador Nature Reserve…………………………………………………………....69
Donation……………………………………………………………………………….70
Air Pollution………………………………………………………………………..….71
My Eating Habits Personal……………………………………………………….....72

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An Invitation Letter………………………………………………………………...…72
Project
Food Idioms………………………………………………………………...…73-74-75
Dialogue Birthday of a Friend……………………………………………………….75
Food Chain……………………………………………...........................................76
Olympic Games………………………………………………………………………77
My Favorite CD……………………………………………………………………….78
Project
Proclamation of Fellowship.........................................................................…...78
Dialogue to Buy Movie Tickets...........................................................................79
Project
Soundtracks in Horror Movies………………………………………………………79
CONCLUSIONS……………………………………….………………80

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PERSONAL INTRODUCTION
My name is Maritza Tulcanaza, I'm in sixth semester of foreign trade
and international trade negotiation, course the fourth level of English
for my, this portfolio has as benefit; nurture my knowledge, through
a confrontation with my previous knowledge about the methods of
an investigation. And, by the measure of its development, trying to
overcome the difficulties presented before me. Also look for support
my methodological conceptions and my production of ideas, in
addition there is a reason very strong and it is to serve as my
learning with the sole purpose of everything investigated is useful,
not only for this subject, but for others in the course of my career.
My Portfolio is based on the knowledge acquired through inquiries
that each day will require more effort, more discipline, they are
looking to form my profile as a future professional.

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SECURITY IN TULCAN
The authority’s Carchenses and the state Police have reinforced the security in
Tulcan due to the Summit Binacional that will have the presence of the
presidents Rafael Correa and Manuel Santos, of Ecuador and Colombia
respectively with their respective minister.
DECLARATION Edmundo Merlo Major Provincial of Carchi, it indicated that
"the security in the county has been reinforced."
At least 40 uniformed they arrive until this city coming from Ibarra to reinforce
the security.
From I Remove it arrived the Group of Operations and Rescue (GIR) besides
the aero one police that will guard from the air the summit National Bi to be
developed in the facilities of the UPEC. To this he/she sinks personal of
Colombian and military security of both countries.
In the streets of this city it is observed members of the National Police guarding
to the citizenship.
On Sunday night representatives of the Colombian police met with Ecuadorian
authorities in the State Polytechnic University of the Carchi (UPEC).
It has been planned that with the arrival of the Ecuadorian minister to Tulcan,
the measures of security were increased.

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MY LIFE IN UNIVERSITY
Introduction:
My name is Mary during the sixth semester of foreign trade and international
economic negotiations and the fourth level of English at the State Technical
University Carchi.
Development
Being back in the University I did a little difficult because I still do not get used to
achieve the new form but I think the other half that follows and can acoplarme.
I have to go to class four days a week beginning on Tuesday where I have
logistics at two in the afternoon and where no task force for the next class and I
have to leave at four in the afternoon.
On Wednesday I have international economic policy in the same way I have to
be at the two p.m., in the class we should only be talking about politics, as the
country is so but sometimes bores me to hear so much politics, I think the
magister could make more dynamic class not tired, so we always have to
generate work and I let out at four in the afternoon.
On Thursday I have logistics and we must come back at two in the afternoon,
the class should discuss the issue of consultation that leaves us and I have to
leave at four in the afternoon.
On Friday, I have no classes is my day of rest and relaxation.
And finally on Saturday I have i English at two in the afternoon, this matter is of
paramount importance and that English is spoken in many countries but still I
have difficulty that three years ago leaving the English and I have not much
knowledge but little by little I learned and I have to leave at seven in the
evening.
Also something that I can do is being on time to class.
In the University I have also new friends with whom I can share ideas and
concerns.
Conclusions
Being in the state technical university is a privilege Carchi because every day
I'm gaining knowledge should serve in the future.

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PROBLEMS OF ADOLESCENTS
INTRODUCTION:
Importantly, we go through different stages of adolescence and is the most
complicated and causing more problems, the teen encounters many new things
that you want to experience, risk is part of the fun in your life, there is concern
and act without realizing it, that's why I fall into problems which eventually
repent, as these leave traces of pain in his life, and happiness is fading.
Many problems are achieved when each person is on the road to face
responsibility acts being committed and should not be influenced by others,
each person is master of his own destiny.
Friends in the adolescent's life mean a lot to him, as these are what convey joy
to your life, at this stage the adolescent feels the need to be free to act without
restriction, is why are detached from the power of parents, yet do not realize
that this world we are in, he has many things to get your attention, the teen
should not let current crawl error and being the master of his body, has the duty
of care and intelligence capacity has to distinguish between what is good and
bad for their future.
For the teenager in love is the cause of your problems, because when you are
attracted to someone will do anything to get his attention by exposing their own
health and that your partner is more damage is done.
The family is a fundamental part in the development of adolescents, and that if
parents do not atocha due importance to the problems facing their children,
make these more vulnerable to fall into errors.
DEVELOPMENT:
First Alcohol. Over 60% of adolescents between 12 and 20 years consume
alcohol as adults. They do it anytime and anywhere.
Alcohol is the drug most often causes problems in adolescents. Parents should
be alert to any sudden and severe change their children's behavior.
It must maintain a fluid and ongoing dialogue with the children so they can
attend our meeting when needed. This requires that they feel listened to, not
judged and not subjected.

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Second Drugs. A significant proportion of young people, about 30% have tried
marijuana. Schools and teachers can help intervene and prevent drug abuse.
Third unwanted pregnancies. Despite the overdose of information out there, not
familiar adolescent contraception, and other issues related to healthy sexuality
and responsible.
Fourth Bullying by peers. Today mobile phones and social networks have
become the bane of many who cannot defend themselves from attacks by guys
in their environment.
Eating disorder fifth and image. In a world where image is paramount, according
to mass media and society, the boys dream to have perfect bodies, very far
from reality. Anorexia and bulimia are the main diseases in deriving these
unrealistic ideas, but by 95% for women.
Sixth Depression and emotional disorders: factors have become responsible for
10% of deaths of adolescents. Today many young people suffer from
depression, which is aided by continued uncertainty adults living on the job,
your future, etc.
Accidents Seventh. Here help, and much, uncontrolled consumption of alcohol,
lack of driver education they have and totally irresponsible. Adolescence, time
of life where they can feel strong emotions torments and frequent clashes
between the young and the adults.
Eighth Violence and abuse. A quarter of the complaints made by women victims
of abuse and violence are under 20 years.
Ninth Problems of Internet misuse. Internet addiction affects mainly older guys.
These are young people who spend more than 20 hours a week to the web and
use it to play "online", or watch pornography.
Sects and socio Tenth addictions. Sects subjected to bondage and seek
unhealthy dependence of thought, affection and will. Teenagers are often easy
targets.
Eleventh: Juvenile delinquency most times detention policies, expulsion and
punishment have not been effective in reducing crime. However, schools with
strong authority, fair discipline, which include the participation of students in
decision-making and to invest heavily in educational achievement of both
students and staff, has a greater opportunity to curb crime. The most important
thing is to improve the quality of education of young people from impoverished
environments.

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CONCLUSIONS:
The age of adolescence is the age most problematic of all stages of life, but in
turn is the most comfortable. Unfortunately the teenager of today has different
problems that darken their beautiful age.
Drugs, alcohol, smoking and nutritional diseases were always part of this stage
but never being as protagonists. Unfortunately, today, are the main attractions
of the adolescent.
Adolescence brings with it the consolidation of formal logical thinking allowing
you to apply it to your personal life now, understand and grasp universal values,
like allowing you to plan your future or make a realistic career choice according
to their abilities. Extraversion where the teenager, who has already achieved its
identity as a unique, directed his interest toward reality allowing you to develop
feelings generous.
The teenager who is going through the youth crisis is especially susceptible to
developing depression, either by the changes you are facing or in the amount of
conflict that now has this. You can also drop in criminal behavior under the
influence of drugs. This behavior are not only the product of an internal process,
but is strongly influenced by the type of relationship with their parents and their
group behavior.
The teenager must achieve sexual identity, for this we should do with integrity
require that questions the sexual patterns culturally assigned gender, since this
condition involves a cross-developing the potential of each sex, giving the
opportunity to train in as completely as possible. Adolescent sexual activities
are becoming more frequent and intimate, with the consequent risk of early
pregnancy, which prevents the teenager to live fully this stage, jumping to
maturity, without the necessary features that stage requires.
Improving communication between teachers, tutors and parents to take better
control of the adolescent.
Increase resources for teachers to conflicts that may arise in the classroom.
Parents also need to intervene because if the household's understanding and
communication may avoid this kind of problems.
LINKS:
 http://www.buenastareas.com/Problemas-De-Los-
Adolescentes/13148.html
 http://problematicasactualesenelestado.blogspot.com/2009/03/sobre-las-
problematicas-de-los.html
 http://html.rincondelvago.com/adolescencia_14.html

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E-MAIL OF SUGGESTIONS
Dear Friend,
Sorry to hear that you're going through an
awkward and difficult.
But the best thing you can do is tell your
parents what happened to your brother and
so they can find a solution to the problem in
your brother with alcohol.
In these cases you lose trust with your
brother, but then eventually you will know
everything you do thank him.
I really hope things are resolved.
With love,
Mary

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PARAGRAPHS
RAILROAD STATION
A railroad station is a railroad facility with pathways that can
get and from which trains may be issued. It consists of several
tracks, with deviations between them, and is delimited by input
and output signals. Additionally they are a point of access to
passenger and freight railroad.
PLAN
The business plan is a formal statement of business objectives,
contained in a written document, which develops, systematizes
and integrates the activities, business strategies, analysis of
the market situation and other studies that are necessary for an
idea business to become a viable company.

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SYMBOLS
National symbols or symbols are those representing states,
nations and countries, and so are recognized by other states.
Generally these symbols are formulated from visual or verbal
representations that seek to promote the values of history or
famous people of the country or nation.
PANTS
The pants are making different fabric materials (cotton, denim,
polyester, corduroy, etc.) Can be long pants, in which case they
reach the ankles or below, or may be short in different rankings,
ranging from the calf (pirates) knee (shorts) or groin (mini-
shorts). When the length reaches mid-calf is called Capri pants.

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CEREMONIES
Mayan ceremonies, is an essential element of Maya cultural
identity is a practice of religiosity and spirituality of the Maya, is
a sacred activity through which human beings seek to have
closer contact and communication with the Supreme Being, the
Creator of Heaven and Earth.
PATROL
A military patrol is a group of soldiers to comply a
reconnaissance or combat, the number of members of a patrol
varies depending on the type of mission. Reconnaissance patrol,
for example, is arranged with one or more security features and
one or more recognition elements and command elements.

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REMAIN
Because public disclosure laws, it may be difficult for a person
who wins the lottery remain secret. That said, the task is not
impossible. Anyone trying to do this is to hire a lawyer as soon
as possible, establish a blind trust so that the trust becomes the
legal beneficiary of the profits.
ORIGIN
The origin of man based on the origin or beginning of the human
species, refers to two very different perspectives. The scientific
view places the human species as a more biological evolution of
living organisms on Earth. The religious vision, conceived, in
general, the origin of man as an act of will of the gods.

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ADULT
An Adult in Fullness is a person who has reached the stage of
life according to various legal, begins between 60 and 65 years
is a period of time and lived experience and according to how
we lived encounters our machinery worn due to normal wear,
and needs to be repaired until you stop working.
FACE-TO-FACE
Generations have now changed considerably, especially in
relation to the way people communicate and interact. Now,
social media has created a parallel world in which face-to-face
relationships are more common because of the ease of access
to such social networks.

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MY FAMILY
Introduction:
My family consists of six members.
Development:
We are tall except for my husband and son. We are thin. The face of my father,
my husband and my son is round, the face of my mother, my brother and I am
long. The skin color of my father and my husband is dark, the skin color of my
mother, my brother, my son and I am clear. We have dark hair. We have brown
eyes. The long nose is all except for my husband and my son is wide. We have
thin lips. We are intelligent and clever, my father is kind, cheerful, and my
mother is serious, boring, my brother is shy, serious, my husband is sociable,
brave, my son is sociable, naughty and I cheerful, brave.
My father is more sociable than my mother.
My mother is greater than my brother.
My brother is taller than my husband.
My husband is braver than my son.
My son is naughtier than I.
My father and I are happy.
Conclusions:
My family is united and loyal.

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BIOGRAPHY
Introduction
Name:
Jennifer Lynn Lopez Rodriguez
Date of Birth:
Castle Hill, the Bronx (New York, USA) the July 24, 1970
What famous for:
Being a singer, actress and dancer
Early years:
He took dance classes at Baruch College, studied biology at the Catholic
school, high school female.
Years later:
Installed in your life the handsome actor Ben Affleck, whom he had met during
the filming of the film "Gigli", in 2000. In late 2002, they were seen together and
begin to be considered a perfect couple; they were both baptized as "Bennifer".
Quickly speculated that Affleck has proposed marriage to the winter of 2003,
but the official date is another: on September 13.
Everyone is invited to the ceremony, to be held in Miami, but an hour before the
link is suspended, arguing that the press coverage they have gotten out of
hand. Ben travels to Las Vegas and J Lo stays in his house and destroys the
expensive wedding dress on a voodoo ritual designed to eliminate the negative
charges.
Back in February 2004, the breakdown is a fact. Affleck enjoys his
bachelorhood in California, while Jennifer takes the first steps, in public,
accompanied by the Puerto Rican singer Marc Anthony, with whom he played in
1999, the single "Do not love me" from the album "On the 6".
Only five months after his bullado break with the handsome actor, Jennifer
Anthony married in secret ceremony, June 5, at his mansion in Beverly Hills.
The actress and singer declares, then everybody that he is your soul mate
which tirne Marbiel two children Emme Muñiz and Maximilian David Muñiz
Anthony but the relationship did not last and divorce.

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Job:
His big break was obtained in July 1996, when he won the national cast to star
in the film Selena, which interpret the missing singer Selena. The film premiered
on March 21, 1997. For his performance he won a million dollars, becoming the
highest-paid Latina actress until then. His work in Selena received positive
reviews, thus obtaining a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress in 1998.
Also work in U-Turn (Giro to Hell), along with actor Sean Penn and directed by
Oliver Stone, and George Clooney in Out Of Sight (Out of Sight), tape that
Jennifer won two million dollars. From this point part his career as a singer,
actress.
Achievements:
Actress, singer, model, record producer, dancer, designer and television
producer.
His feelings:
Currently holds a romantic relationship for a year with dancer Casper Smart.
Comments:
I think it's a great singer and actress and has managed awning which has been
proposed in your life despite the difficulties encountered.
LETTER OF APPLICATION
Dear Mr. North Group
I am writing to apply for sales managementpositionas advertised in Sunday's trade.
I am a woman of thirty-four years old, I am International Master in Marketing, New Media
and Sales currently need the work. I have seven year experience in management position; I am an
honest and hardworking. I am friendly and I like meeting new people and I feel these are the right
qualities for the job.
I am available for an interview at any time. Thanks for your consideration. I look forward to
hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Maritza Tulcanaza
Maritza Tulcanaza
Attached curriculum vitae,

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CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Name: Maritza Anabel
Name: Tulcanaza Enríquez
Nationality: American
Identity Card: 1720774326
Marital Status: Married
Date of Birth: December 10, 1978
Age: 34 years
Address: 68 Northampton Street, Boston MA 02118
Phone: (617) 541-4455
Email: mary_poder@hotmail.com
STUDIES CONDUCTED
School: Kingsley Montessori School
College: Boston Latin Academy
University: Boston University
International Master in Marketing, New Media and Sales
PERSONAL REFERENCES
Name: Engineer Walter Castaneda
Phone: (617) 541-1357
Name: Doctor Dylan Gómez
Phone: (617) 541-2345

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WONDERS OF ECUADOR
YAHUARCOCHA LAGOON
It is one of the main tourist attractions of Ecuador, located 3 km from the city of
Ibarra, surrounded by natural viewpoints, terrestrial environment and indigenous
cultures, at a height of 2,190 meters above the sea.
Yahuarcocha is historically important because studies claim that there is large
and still unexplored archaeological evidence, so it is declared as the third
sacred lake in the country.
HISTORIC CENTER OF QUITO
The historic center of Quito is located in the city center, in an area of 375.2
hectares and is considered one of the most important historic areas in Latin
America.
Has about 130 monumental constructions (which hosts a variety of art) and five
thousand properties registered in the municipal inventory of heritage properties.
It was declared by UNESCO as the first World Heritage Site. At night, when the
lights of the city, you can take a stroll through the historic center in a horse-
drawn carriage, the style of the colonial era.

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CHIMBORAZO VOLCANO
The volcano Chimborazo is the highest mountain in Ecuador and the closest
point to the sun.
The Chimborazo is surrounded by the Chimborazo Wildlife Reserve, which is a
protected ecosystem to preserve the habitat of native Andean as vicuña, llama
and alpaca.
The top of Mount Chimborazo is completely covered by glaciers. Its glacier is
the source of water for the population of the Bolivar and Chimborazo provinces.
A tradition of the communities near the volcano is bring ice from the glaciers of
the mountain to the people to prepare their drinks.

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GLOBAL WARMING
The Problem
The problem lies in the concentration
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
from natural sources such as volcanic
eruptions, weathering of rocks and
artificial sources such as gas burning
cars and factories and power plants
burn coal and emits toxic gases.
Temperature Increase
Global warming is a term used to refer
to the phenomenon of the increase in
global average temperature of Earth's
atmosphere and oceans, possibly
reached the level of the medieval
warming in the mid-twentieth century,
to exceed it from then.
Water and Soil Pollution
The main effect that causes global
warming is the greenhouse effect; a
phenomenon referred to absorption by
certain atmospheric gases, mainly
H2O, CO2 and O3 followed by the part
of the soil emits energy as a result of
being heated by solar radiation.
Without this natural greenhouse effect,
temperatures would drop by about 30 °
C, with such a change, the oceans
would freeze and life as we know it
would be impossible. For this effect to
occur, are needed these greenhouse
gases, but in suitable proportions.
What worries climatologists are that a
rise in this ratio will produce an
increase in temperature due to heat
trapped in the lower atmosphere.
Solutions
The solution is that we can stop the
worst impacts of global warming if we
can get more efficient factories,
households and offices to reduce
energy waste which are produced
more cars gas mileage and using
cleaner technologies. But you need to
take action now and acted in a manner
determined to avoid serious
consequences. Each year that passes
without the global warming problem
facing a decidedly makes this problem
more difficult and more expensive to
solve. If we do not find a solution within
the next 10 years could be too late.

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SHOPPING CENTER SNAIL
The commercial snail is located in
the Bolivar street, where offers us
some types of products such as
jewelry, pants Jeans, baby clothes,
trebles, clothes for teenage girls,
girlfrien
ds,
beauty
parlor,
facial beauty products, herbal
products, a company of buildings.
The prices are a bit more expensive
in contrast with the popular market;
the kind of people is that they have
the
potenti
al to
pay

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SHOPPING CENTER YOLIS
Is located in Bolivar Street, where
we offer toys, decorations,
tableware, mirrors, paintings,
clothing for children, perfume,
chocolate, fitness center,
cable service and radio. The
prices are accessible to the
public. You are all kinds of
people.

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SHOPPING CENTER HURRICANE
It is located on the street Bolivar,
where we offer clothing for all ages,
underwear, sheets, curtains,
tablecloths, backpacks,
purses. The prices are cheap
and the people who attend
are of the lower class.

30
AKI
It is located in the streets Doctor
Ricardo Iron and Luciano Coral,
where we offers household
appliances, cleaning products,
toiletries, products for animals,
cereals, fruits, vegetables, meats,
dairy products, baby products,
liqueurs, etc. The prices are
accessible and a lower cost
than to the shops, the type
people is of any social class.

31
AN INVITATION LETTER
Dear Johana
Hi! How are you? I have a party on
Saturday for my birthday.
The party will have an Italian theme so there
will be a variety of Italian dishes. My mom
is organizing the menu and decorations. You
need to bring a jacket because it's cold.
Just give me a call from the station when you
arrive and my brother pick you up. The party
starts at 7 pm.
Please let me know as soon possible.
Love,
Mary

32
WHY IS TECHNO
FOOTBALL
Team sport played between two
teams of eleven players each and
four arbitrators dealing with the rules
are properly followed.
The rectangular playing field is
natural or artificial turf, with a goal at
each end of the field. The object is to
move to any part of the body except
the arms or hands, a ball across the
field to try to enter into the opposing
goal. The team that achieves more
goals in 90 minutes is the winner of
the match. The game was created in
England.
BASKETBALL
It is a team sport that can develop
both indoor as outdoor, in which two
sets of five players each try to score
points by introducing a ball in a hoop
placed 3.05 meters from the floor of
which hangs a network for four
periods.
It was invented in the United States.
There is also a disabled mode in
which wheelchair plays virtually the
same rules.
ATHLETICS
It is a sport that contains a large set
of disciplines grouped in runs, jumps,
throws, combined events and
running. It is the art of outperform
adversaries in speed or endurance,
in distance or height. Tests may be
individual or team.
The Olympic Games are the most
prestigious international event. They
are held every four years since 1896.
SPORTS
Sports help you stay fit and healthy. The most popular sport is football, basketball and athletics; they can practice in appropriate
places with the right training and the right equipment!

34
LOGY IMPORTANT
Technology is of great importance throughout the world for its advances have
made that all of society benefits from it, as we are in an age where every day
there is a different breakthrough that makes a great contribution to the
development of the same, just as it was a breakthrough in the yesterday, today
has no relevance to humanity, everything goes into the past that is why man
has made sure that every day has something new to teach the world.
Technological advances have made man's work easier thanks to the
development of machines that cover much of the work that previously only the
operator could perform.
Every day technology seizes more smoothly in the world, known to us daily new
projects for the benefit of mankind.

35
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
Badaling Great Wall is located in the town of Yanqing, Beijing, China, was the
first section of Great Wall that was opened to the public. 3741 meters of wall
length, the Great Wall at Badaling has an important strategic position.
Therefore, the construction of the Great Wall in this very ambitious project, the
high walls solid and intense, along with the trend of the mountain walls, winding
ups and downs, like the coiled dragon.
The main feudal built defensive walls at their respective borders in order to
protect themselves from attacks by the Huns, one of the nomadic tribes of
northern China. After the unification of all of China, the first emperor of the Qin
Dynasty united the existing insulated walls in the north, thus making them the
Great Wall of Ten Thousand Li.
Later, the wall was repaired and rebuilt by many dynasties. Badaling, a section
of the wall, which presently attending many tourists, was rebuilt during the Ming
Dynasty based on the original work.
The Great Wall, which has a total length of over 6,700 km, runs from
Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west. Across six provinces and
autonomous regions and municipality in northern China: Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi,
Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Gansu.
After the Liberation, the popular government has repaired and restored several
sectors of the Great Wall in order to maintain its original look of grandeur and
magnificence. The Great Wall is now a bridge linking the Chinese people from
other countries and regions.

36
YAHUARCOCHA
Yahuarcocha. It is one of the main attractions of Ecuador, located 3 km from the
city of Ibarra, at a height of 2.190 meters above the sea.
Yahuarcocha is historically important because studies by some researchers,
who claim that there is a unexplored archaeological evidence, so that the
National Institute of Cultural Heritage declared as the third sacred lake in the
country.
Yahuarcocha means "Lake of Blood", which is derived from the Quechua roots
Yaguar = blood = Cocha lake. Legend has it that a bloody Indian battle took
place on its shores and the lake was stained with blood, hence its name. In
where confrontation Caranquis and Incas.
Yahuarcocha Lagoon
Located: at 3 km from the city of Ibarra
Made of: water
Construction: 12.000 years ago
Reason for its name: By the bloody battle Yaguar = blood = Cocha lake. Lake of
Blood.

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SUN SAFETY FOR KIDS
Sun-protective Hats and Clothing
Heads up!
Wearing a sun-protective hat is a simple and effective strategy for reducing
ultraviolet radiation to the face, head and neck. If children could become
accustomed to wearing a hat when outdoors at school it should increase the
likelihood that they will routinely wear one for non-school outdoor activities as
well. But, the fear of ridicule from one’s peers can certainly be a strong
deterrent. Without a school policy to encourage, require, or reward, students for
wearing a sun-protective hat, it is somewhat unlikely that children will allow
themselves to benefit from using this practical and inexpensive cancer-
prevention device.
History of Hats in Schools
Most schools have, or had, a policy to prohibit children from wearing a hat at
school. Concerns about hats being used as a sign of gang identification are
most frequently cited as the reason behind such policy. After learning that
some California schools would not even allow a hat to be worn by a child with a
strong genetic susceptibility to skin cancer and a doctor’s note, Mrs. Karen
Graham took action. Following the death of her son at an early age from
melanoma, Mrs. Graham initiated legislation that resulted in an amendment to
the California Education Code as follows:
Each school site shall allow for outdoor use during the school day, articles of
sun-protective clothing, including, but not limited to, hats. (2) Each school site
may set a policy related to the type of sun-protective clothing, including, but not
limited to, hats, that pupils will be allowed to use outdoors pursuant to
paragraph (1). Specific clothing and hats determined by the school district or
school site to be gang-related or inappropriate apparel may be prohibited by the
dress code policy.
Communication Gap
Many California parents and students remain unaware that children now have
the right to wear a hat outdoors at school. Although some schools and districts
have amended their policy or dress code to remove the prohibition against hats,
few have taken the important additional step of encouraging sun-protective hats
and clothing. In effect, there is room for improvement in most schools.

43
Promoting Hats and Long Clothing
By implementing policies and incentives aimed at encouraging the use of sun-
protective hats and clothing, schools have the no-cost opportunity to reduce the
risk of skin cancer among the students and staff.
Many schools already sell articles of attire, such as T-shirts. Why not
encourage sun safety by adding sun-protective items? A hat sporting the
school name or mascot could not only promote school pride but also bring in
additional revenue.
What Type of Hat Shall be Allowed?
While California law gives students the right to wear a hat outdoors at school,
schools retain the discretion to determine the type of hat. Whatever policy the
school adopts, the goal should be the wearing of a hat by most or all students
and personnel.
Police Options:
 Students may procure/wear any hat or visor that provides reasonable
sun protection.
 Hats meeting certain design criteria (as defined by the school or district)
are allowed.
 Certain types of hat (definition supplied) are not allowed.
 Only specific hat(s), that the school or district provides for sale or to be
ordered, are allowed.
Primary School
Young children will likely wear whatever that is recommended. Primary schools
could provide a helpful service by educating parents about the features to look
for in a sun-protective hat and/or offering proper hats for sale or to be ordered.
Policy might be implemented to more strongly encourage, or possibly require,
hat-wearing for outdoor activities at this level. As these children proceed into
secondary school, they might be less likely to object to hats.
Secondary School
Teenagers are notoriously fashion conscious. For any success with a
campaign to encourage hat-wearing in secondary school it might be necessary
to allow students considerable flexibility in their choice of a hat. Although
baseball caps are not ideal, one school of thought among sun safety advocates
is that “Any hat is better than no hat.” For students who object to a hat that
disturbs their coiffure, a large clip-on visor could be a satisfactory compromise.

44
Most school or physical education uniforms are not particularly stylish but they
are worn because it’s the rule. If only one or a limited number of hats is allowed
(equalizing the fashion disadvantage to every student), and if effective
incentives are provided for wearing the hat, reasonable success might be
achievable. However, there is a significant risk of total failure with this
approach.
The chance of success might be improved if students are invited to participate
in determining what type of hat(s), or what specific hat(s), will or will not be
allowed. Securing the cooperation of school leaders, trend-setters, and
teachers in wearing and promoting the hats might help to establish their
acceptability. It may also be advisable to develop a strategy for discouraging
and punishing harassment of a child who does wear a hat or long clothing.
Clothing
California has granted its school children the right to wear long clothing for
outdoor activities while at school. Schools can now help to prevent skin cancer
by promoting long clothing.
Primary School
Parents of young children should be asked to provide a long sleeved garment
for their child to bring to school and slip on (unless already wearing long
sleeves) before outdoor activities. This could be called a “play shirt.” To
prevent overheating on a warm day, it should be lightweight and loose fitting.
Schools may re-think their dress policy about shorts in light of the increased
exposure to UV radiation that they permit. It might be a hard sell to students
and parents alike, but loose fitting, lightweight long pants or dresses can be just
as cool and comfortable during warm weather.
Secondary School
The traditional physical education uniform consists of a T-shirt and short shorts.
To promote sun safety, schools could re-configure the P.E. uniform to
incorporate longer sleeves and shorts, and a sun-protective hat, for the benefit
of all students. Rather than merely recommending sweatshirts and sweatpants,
choose cover-up clothing that is lightweight and loose fitting to prevent
overheating.
Lives can be saved
With numerous research studies clearly linking childhood sun damage to the
later development of skin cancer, a passive allowance of hats and long clothing
is not sufficient. With virtually no impact on the budget, schools can actively
encourage sun-safe behavior so that fewer of today’s children will have to face
the morbidity or mortality of melanoma as adults.

45
SUN-PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
California Education Code
A sun-protective clothing policy should address two important goals:
1. Encouraging students and personnel to cover up when outdoors
2. Specifying the type of sun-protective clothing that is, or is not, allowed
Why can't Everyone Just Use Sunscreen?
It is very fortunate that sunscreen products are available for use as a second
line of defense. However, sunscreens sometimes fail, usually attributable to
user error, which can result in unintentional sun damage. By contrast, clothing
is:
 Cost effective. A garment costs about the same as one or two bottles of
sunscreen, but lasts much longer
 On average, a more effective UV blocker. Less prone to “missed spots”
or “under application”
 Dependable. Doesn’t wash off, rub off, dissipate, penetrate, or expire
 Not messy. Spillproof
 Not an irritant. Doesn’t cause eye irritation or acne
 Quicker to apply. Covers large areas in a hurry
The "Play Shirt"
When the children in an elementary class prepare to go outside for physical
activity, the time savings and tidiness that clothing affords will prove to be a
great advantage over total reliance on sunscreen.
The parents of young children should be asked to provide a “play shirt,” with
long sleeves and a collar that can be kept in the child’s backpack or stashed at
school. To avoid the time and mess of applying sunscreen to the neck,
shoulders, upper back, and arms, children can simply slip on their play shirt,
right over whatever they are already wearing, before going outdoors. (It would
not need to be buttoned down the front when worn over a tee shirt.) Children
can remove the play shirt when they return indoors. If the shirt is lightweight
and well ventilated, it should not cause overheating. However, during extremely
warm weather, sunscreen could be used instead.
By wearing a hat and covering the arms and legs with clothing, sunscreen need
only be applied to the lower face, neck, and backs of the hands. What a great
savings in both time and cost!
Legs
As outlined above, compared to sunscreen, long pants and skirts would reduce
cost, time, and messiness in protecting the leg skin from UV damage.

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Physical Education
Without a sun-protective clothing policy, a dispute might arise between teacher
and student if a child should independently choose to wear long clothing, as
opposed to the standard uniform, for a physical education class in California.
The California Ed. Code states: “Each school site may set a policy related to
the type of sun-protective clothing, including, but not limited to, hats, that pupils
will be allowed to use outdoors...”
To help in the prevention of skin cancer, and to prevent student-teacher
misunderstanding, here are some steps secondary schools can take:
 Review the current physical education uniform for its sun protection
capacity
 Re-define the P.E. uniform to incorporate items that cover more skin
 Consider adding hats (such as legionnaire-style caps) to the uniform
 Recommend that uniform items be made of fabric that has a UPF
(Ultraviolet Protection Factor) of at least 15
 Define allowed alternatives to the standard P.E. uniform for students who
choose to cover more skin than the amount covered by the standard
uniform
 Communicate your clothing and hats policy to students, parents, and
teachers
 Develop strategies to actively encourage students to cover up and wear
a hat for all outdoor activities including, but not limited to, physical
education class
SUNSCREEN
To complement more reliable methods of reducing skin exposure to ultraviolet
(UV) radiation (such as sun avoidance, clothing, and hats) sunscreen can be
very useful. However, limitations to the effectiveness of sunscreen include the
following common user errors:
 Failure to apply enough
 Uneven application / mis sed spots
 Failure to re-apply
Because some amount of UV radiation might pass by the sunscreen,
unintentional sunburn can occur. Think of these products as a back-up to other,
more effective, and sun safety strategies.

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UVA UVB
The sun emits a broad spectrum of radiation that includes harmless visible light
as well as ultraviolet radiation. The bands of wavelengths that damage human
skin are categorized as UVA and UVB. UVB rays are the main cause of the
skin turning red, or exhibiting sunburn. They can fracture the DNA in skin cells,
resulting in mutations. UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin and are the
main cause of wrinkling, and discoloration. They cause the formation of
damaging atoms called free radicals, and can inhibit the immune system from
doing its job to prevent cancer. It is important to protect the skin from both UVA
and UVB.
Broad Spectrum Sunscreen
If, and only if a sunscreen effectively filters out UVA rays as well as UVB rays
(which is highly desirable) it may be labeled "Broad Spectrum." When shopping
for sunscreen, always look for a product labeled "Broad Spectrum SPF" rather
than simply "SPF." Certain antioxidants can augment the broad spectrum
protection. Look for a mention of antioxidants on the product label but
unfortunately there is not yet any rating system to help you compare antioxidant
effectiveness between products.
Dosage
Probably the greatest drawback with sunscreen is that most people do not apply
a sufficient dose. The SPF number is determined by the manufacturer using a
“standard” application amount (required by the FDA) of 2 milligrams of product
per square centimeter of skin. For the average adult in a bathing suit this would
be a little more than one ounce, or approximately a shot glass full. (That’s one
quarter of the typical 4 oz. sunscreen bottle.) When a person applies less than
the “standard” amount, only a fraction of the labeled SPF will be achieved.
Studies have shown that the average person applies less than half the
“standard” amount of sunscreen, which results in an SPF of only about one third
of that labeled on the bottle. Sprays on sunscreens are particularly subject to
under dosing. By contrast, if more than the “standard” amount is applied, the
SPF achieved will exceed that labeled on the bottle.
UV causes some sunscreen ingredients to gradually deteriorate on the skin’s
surface in response to sun exposure. Sunscreen can also dissipate due to
sweating, rubbing, and penetration into the skin. To maintain maximum effect,
sunscreen should be re-applied every two hours. A single application before
coming to school cannot be expected to adequately protect a child for afternoon
physical education.
These products must be applied liberally and, as with paint, two coats are better
than one. Thus, Sun Safety for Kids coined the phrase: “Put on a lot. And don’t
miss a spot!”

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A History of Prohibition
Because sunscreens are regulated by the FDA as over the counter drugs, many
California schools either refrained from encouraging their use or prohibited them
under a “zero tolerance for drugs” policy. To overcome this hurdle, in 2002 the
California state government amended the Education Code as follows:
(1) Each school site shall allow pupils the use of sunscreen
during the school day without a physician's note or prescription.
(2) Each school site may set a policy related to the use of
sunscreen by pupils during the school day.
(3) For purposes of this subdivision, sunscreen is not an
over-the-counter medication.
(4) Nothing in this subdivision requires school personnel to
assist pupils in applying sunscreen.
Using sunscreen at school
Schools should actively encourage sunscreen use as a supplement to other sun
safety strategies such as hats, long clothing, sun avoidance, etc.
Parents should be asked to ensure that their child has a sufficient supply for use
at school. Reminders from the teacher, as well as announcements, posters, etc.
will help to increase compliance.
Adopt a plan to accommodate children who forget or run out of sunscreen.
Product can be sold in the student store and a supply can be stocked in the
nurse’s office. If funding allows, a large pump bottle can be supplied in primary
school classrooms, and in the gym at secondary schools. (A P.E. uniform with
longer sleeves and pants will lessen the amount of sunscreen necessary.)
Although teachers in Australia commonly assist young children in applying their
sunscreen when necessary, American teachers tend to be fearful of touching a
student. Nonetheless primary teachers can be a tremendous help by
demonstrating application technique on themselves and by providing
appropriate supervision and reminders, focusing most closely on students who
have the most lightly pigmented skin.
Risk reduction
When it’s suggested that U.S. schools could follow the Australian example of
providing a supply of sunscreen in classrooms, administrators commonly raise
an unfounded concern that some child might be allergic. Fortunately, allergic
reaction to sunscreen is very uncommon and, if one does occur, it is generally a
minor reversible skin rash.

49
This is in sharp contrast to the potentially serious type of allergy that can occur
in reaction to certain foods, such as shellfish or peanuts. Any concerns about
possible misuse or allergy to sunscreen should be on a par with those regarding
other skin products already found at school, such as the hand soap supplied in
the restroom.
A simple and appropriate risk reduction strategy would be to inform parents of
the availability of sunscreen at the school. If the parent objects to the school’s
sunscreen, they should be advised to counsel their child not to use it.
Summary
Due to UV, the outdoors during daylight is akin to a radiation chamber. To help
protect children from sustaining damage on the playground, schools can and
should strongly promote the use of sunscreen as a supplement to other sun
protection methods.
SHADE / UV INDEX
“We can’t afford shade structures, so the subject of sun safety will not be
considered,” declared one school administrator.
Although shade structures may indeed require acquisition funding there are
numerous steps a school can take to reduce children’s exposure to ultraviolet
(UV) radiation with little or no financial impact.
Avoid Unintentional Sun Exposure
Begin with a survey of your school site(s) to identify existing areas that are
shaded. Children should not be required to spend time in direct midday sunlight
if a shade alternative is at hand. For example, sometimes children are ushered
into the middle of a field for a prolonged period of time during a disaster drill, or
are required to sit at a lunch table that is not shaded. Establish procedures to
shift activity and congregation into shaded or indoor areas when feasible. When
there is no reasonable alternative, compensate by encouraging or providing
other sun-protective items, such as hats, long clothing, umbrellas, and
sunscreen.
Track the UV Index
The level of ultraviolet radiation striking your school varies with the altitude,
season, time of day, and weather conditions. Levels are greater from March to
November and from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. during daylight saving time. These
are the periods when sun safety should be most strongly promoted.
The Ultraviolet Index is calculated daily to forecast the strength of ultraviolet
radiation across the nation. You can determine the UV Index for your area by
logging on to the EPA website at www.epa.gov/sunwise. Click on “UV Index
Forecast,” and search by entering your zip code.

50
Kickoff your sun safety program each year during the first week of March, on
the first day of spring, or during Wellness Week with announcements,
reminders, instruction, etc. Between March and November (or year-round in
high UV areas) heighten awareness by tracking and communicating the UV
Index to the school community, accompanied by appropriate warnings and sun
safety tips when the level is high.
Shade Trees
Trees can not only provide shade for outdoor activities, they can also help to
keep school buildings cooler, reducing air conditioning costs. Look for sites on
the campus that could benefit from tree shade.
Mr. Frank McDonough, horticulturist at the Los Angeles Arboretum, has
provided his recommendations for the best shade trees for use on Southern
California campuses. See his list on our trees.
Through their "Campus Forestry" program, Tree People (a California nonprofit)
assists schools to design and develop a tree-planting program involving the
participation of students, staff, and parents. Visit their website at
http://www.treepeople.org/
Scheduling of Outdoor Activities
There usually aren’t sufficient resources for making substantial changes, but try
to take advantage of lower UV levels before 10:00 a.m. and after 4:00 p.m. by
prioritizing outdoor activities during those periods. Between 10 and 4, which is
of course most of the school day, don’t discourage outdoor physical activity but,
particularly during the high UV season, strongly promote sun safety measures
to “Block the sun; Not the fun.”
In areas of the country where winters are cold, there is usually a gymnasium,
even at elementary schools, to provide children with a protected environment
for physical activity. During sunny weather, capitalize on a gym’s capacity to
protect against UV radiation as well.
Architecture
The area adjacent to a building can sometimes be a good source of shade.
Locate and encourage the utilization of such existing areas. Any plans for new
construction or remodeling should include shade provision as an important and
desirable feature. Factors such as height, positioning of the building(s) on the
lot, overhangs, and breezeways can significantly increase shade availability.

51
Shade Structures
The lunch area and the young children’s play equipment are two sites
commonly found on school campuses where shade is highly desirable. In some
cases, a shade structure might be the best solution. Over the lunch area, a steel
roofed structure might be the best choice due to the added rain-protective
feature. For play equipment and large or irregular shaped areas, a UV-blocking
fabric cover would be a logical choice.
Of course it wouldn’t be possible or even desirable, to shade the entire school
campus. However, reasonable efforts can be made to increase the shade
options currently available to the students and staff. When shade structures are
desired, check for available grant, state, or local resources, and partner with
parent groups to organize a fundraising drive.
SUNGLASSES
There is evidence to indicate that protecting the eyes from ultraviolet radiation
may prevent the development of cataracts. The recent amendments to the
California Education Code do not specifically include sunglasses, yet they are
an important component of personal sun safety.
You’ll put your Eye out, kid!
Many schools discourage or do not allow students to wear sunglasses.
Administrators have voiced a variety of negative opinions, such as “they might
break,” “they might cause an injury,” “kids will lose them.” Yet, many children
with vision impairment routinely wear their corrective lenses on the playground
so it is difficult to fully justify these reservations. With a health benefit
attributable to wearing sunglasses, is it in children’s best interest to prohibit
them?
Nurture Informed Decision-Making
Parents and students can make their own informed decision after weighing the
potential benefit against the cost and possible danger associated with wearing
sunglasses. Develop a plan to inform parents and students that sunglasses are
allowed and, while disclaiming liability, provide tips on sunglasses safety. For
example, the lenses should provide 100% protection against UVA and UVB,
and a sports band will help to hold them onto the head.
CURRICULUM
Classroom instruction is a very important component of a school sun safety
program. A single intervention, such as a one-time school assembly, can be
impressive but for maximum effectiveness children should receive age-
appropriate sun safety instruction at every grade level. Fortunately, excellent
educational materials already exist which have been designed for use by
classroom teachers in existing school programs.

52
Primary School
Young children will benefit from learning how the sun’s invisible UV rays can
damage the skin. They can be taught the basic skills for personal sun safety,
and can be motivated to protect against overexposure.
Secondary School
Teenage students will learn about skin cancer, what causes it, and how it can
be prevented. The glamour of sun tanning can be debunked by demonstrating
the very ugly effects of chronic overexposure.
School Policy Reinforcement
Classroom sun safety education can include a review of the school’s sun safety
policies and recommendations. Discussion might center on whether the
students could do a better job of protecting themselves.
Resources
fortunately, excellent instructional materials already exist, designed specifically
for use by classroom teachers. Check our [link: Resources - Curriculum page]
for a list and description of available products.
Ideas for Secondary School Projects Involving Sun Safety
One of the best ways to learn a subject is to teach it. Here are a few ideas for
projects that could be undertaken by secondary school students with the
objective of teaching or promoting sun safety to others:
PERSONNEL
Those who supervise outdoor activities, teach physical education, or provide
grounds keeping services exemplify school employees who spend a significant
portion of their time working outdoors.
Risk Reduction
In California, an employee injury that arises out of and in the course of
employment is generally compensable through the workers' compensation
system. With respect to skin cancer, California [Labor Code Section
3212.11] specifies that if a lifeguard develops skin cancer during the course of
employment it will be considered work-related.
Compared to a lifeguard, who might not develop skin cancer until sometime
after leaving the job, it is more likely that a school employee will develop skin
cancer while still employed in outdoor work. Schools might wish to consider
whether this poses a risk management issue.

53
Good Policy
All school personnel should be aware of the dangers associated with
overexposure to ultraviolet radiation and be well acquainted with methods of
sun protection. The Director of Nursing Services might conduct in-service
training, issue periodic reminders and sun safety tips, and of course serve as a
model of sun-safe behavior.
While there may be a financial constraint against requiring (as opposed to
encouraging) that students wear a hat when outdoors, it might be reasonable to
require, or at least strongly encourage, that personnel take certain sun
precautions, such as wearing a hat.
By demonstrating their personal concern for sun safety, for example by putting
on a hat, long clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen before going outdoors, staff
members can play an important role in conveying the school’s serious
commitment to sun safety for the students.
COMMUNICATION
Breaking News!
Some school districts have already responded to the California law pertaining to
sun protection. Unfortunately, some of these same districts have neglected to
effectively communicate or encourage the implementation of their new policy to
the school community.
UV radiation is a significant health hazard that is encountered at school, at
school-sponsored activities, and elsewhere. We hope that schools will not only
adopt a comprehensive sun safety policy but also go the distance to ensure that
the policy is effectively disseminated to parents, students, and personnel.
Parents
Provide parents with background information that outlines why sun safety is so
important in the fight against skin cancer. Explain the details of the school’s
policy and urge parents to partner with the school to encourage student sun-
safe behavior both at school and at home. Remind parents to “walk the walk”
themselves. Convey messages in multiple media, such as letters, E-mail, the
school website, and parent-teacher meetings. Ensure that when parents search
for details pertaining to the school’s sun safety policy, such as what type of hat
is allowed, it will be relatively easy to find.

54
Students
Sun safety policy and recommendations should be reviewed at the beginning of
each school year and again during the first week of March. This might be
combined with sun safety instruction and, in elementary school, a screening of
The Sun Show. Keep sun safety on students’ radar through announcements
and reminders tied to the UV index, sun safety tips, posters, items for sale
(school hat, sunscreen, play shirt, etc.), and of course seeing teachers who
model sun-safe behavior. Send students off for spring and summer vacation
with the reminder to: “Stay sun-safe!”
Teachers
Teachers might need to be informed of certain policies directly affecting them as
employees, as well as others pertaining to the student body which they could
help to enforce. Pre-service and in-service training should include a policy
review along with general sun safety education. In order to increase their level
of motivation and willingness to model sun-safe behavior, help teachers
understand the stakes. They must know that they and their students can
reduce the risk of dying from skin cancer through the practice of sun safety.
Ask teachers to devote extra attention to children whose skin cancer risk is
higher due to light skin color.
VITAMIN D
The one health benefit that sunlight has on human skin is the production of
vitamin D. unfortunately, the ultraviolet rays that stimulate vitamin D production
(UVB rays) are the same ones that cause sunburn and skin cancer.
There isn't very much vitamin D in the typical American's diet. Some is present
in oily fish (e.g., salmon, mackerel, and sardines) milk, and fortified cereal or
orange juice, but dietary sources alone are usually not sufficient for a healthy
blood level without the addition of substantial sun exposure or a vitamin
supplement.
Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets in children, and osteoporosis in adults.
An increased risk of other ills, such as cancer of the colon, breast, or prostate,
as well as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes might be linked to vitamin D
deficiency. More research is needed before all of these associations can be
considered certain but in the meantime it seems reasonable for everyone to
take prudent measures to maintain an adequate blood level of vitamin D.
During summer months, particularly in the southern latitudes, some individuals
acquire enough sun exposure to achieve an adequate vitamin D level.
However, while sun exposure is an effective source of vitamin D, it can
simultaneously increase the risk of skin cancer. When sunscreen is applied to
the skin, it not only reduces sun damage, but unfortunately it also blocks vitamin
D production.

55
Darkly pigmented skin, advanced age, and low UV index (e.g., winter months in
northern latitudes) are some of the factors that decrease the amount of vitamin
D produced by the skin in response to sun exposure. Because of the dual
impact of the sun's UV rays (skin cancer induction and vitamin D production)
those with the lightest skin pigment are at the highest risk of sun damage
resulting in skin cancer, while people with darker skin pigment are at lower risk
of skin cancer but higher risk for vitamin D deficiency.
Some authorities recommend routine limited or "sensible" sun exposure for
vitamin D. However, too many variables affect the amount of exposure time
needed (e.g., season, time of day, weather conditions, skin color, age) making it
impossible to give a simple recommendation such as "[X] minutes of sun per
day" that would be assured to provide sufficient vitamin D for all people. This
introduces the risk that people will unintentionally over-expose (fall asleep while
sunning) and increase their risk of skin cancer in the process. Sun Safety for
Kids agrees with the American Academy of Dermatology which "does not
recommend getting vitamin D from sun exposure (natural) or indoor tanning
(artificial) because ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and tanning beds can
lead to the development of skin cancer1
.”
The amount of Vitamin D in food or in a supplement is commonly listed in
International Units (IU). Evidence is still emerging to determine the ideal safe
and effective amount of vitamin D that average healthy people should ingest. At
present, the National Institutes of Health2
recommends an intake of 600 IU per
day for Americans 1 to 70 years of age. Some experts recommend a higher
intake, in the range of 1,000 - 2,000 IU/day but the NIH warns that intakes in
excess of 4,000 IU/day might lead to vitamin D toxicity. The NIH also
discourages intentional sun exposure as a source of vitamin D, saying "it is
prudent to limit exposure of skin to sunlight."
Because vitamin D is fat soluble, vitamin D supplements are most effective if
taken with food.
The directors of Sun Safety for Kids believe that optimum health will be
achieved if people practice careful sun protection year round and compensate
by ingesting a sufficient daily amount of vitamin D.
Blood Test
A simple blood test called "25-hydroxy vitamin D" measures circulating vitamin
D and provides a fair assessment of the body's vitamin D status. The NIH
recommends that the level should be 21 ng/ml or higher, but some experts
suggest that blood levels in the range of 30 to 50 ng/ml are preferred. There is
no evidence that levels above 50 provide any added benefit and vitamin D
toxicity becomes a concern with higher levels. Levels tend to fluctuate with the
seasons (lower in winter/higher in summer) due to incidental sun exposure. A
doctor might order the blood test to help in determining the amount of vitamin D
supplementation that will provide optimum vitamin D status year round.

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LINKS:
 http://www.sunsafetyforkids.org
 http://www.aad.org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/prevention-and-
care/vitamin-d/vitamin-d
 http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-QuickFacts/
 http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm258416.htm.
PROJECT
TIPS TO AVOID BECOMING A FRIEND OF THE CRIME VICTIM
Dear friend,
I'm glad you go travel to another country to learn new
customs and languages but beware of becoming a victim of a
crime.
What you must do is move in appropriate times and places
with lighting, preferably concurrency and surveillance by the
authorities. You must carry the least amount of cash, if
possible only for the day's expenses. You must exercise a low
profile, not carrying conspicuous clothing, jewelry, or show
in public money and belongings. I really hope my tips help.
It's the best you can do and things you can do better.
Write me soon I want to know how it went on the trip.
With love,
Mary

57
AN EMAIL GIVING ADVICE
Dear Friend,
I'm sorry you're stressing, but I know it will
get better.
The best thing to do is to make notes as you
read. In this way more easily remember.
You can also get a good night's sleep. In this
way, you will feel relaxed. I really hope my
tips help.
Write me and tell me describing your.
With love,
Mary

58
PROJECT QUESTIONS
What Special Police Forces there in your Country?
 GOE (Special Operations Group)
 GIR (Group Intervention and Rescue)
 GEO (Special Operations Group)
 UNASE (Kidnap Unit)
 INTERPOL (International Police Organization)
 GEMA (Mobile Panel narcotics)
What to Wear?
Special Forces Groups National Police are civilian state institutions, army, art,
hierarchical, disciplined, professional and highly specialized, whose mission is
to address public safety and public order, and protect the free exercise of rights
and safety of people within the country. The members of the Special Forces
Group of the National Police have a human rights-based training, specialized
research, prevention, control and prevention of crime and the use of deterrents
and conciliation as alternatives to the use of force. For the development of their
tasks Special Forces Groups National Police coordinate their functions with
different levels of autonomous governments.
What are its Functions?
 Reducing or neutralizing terrorist gang members, armed or dangerous
criminals.
 Open and entry into the places used by the components of terrorist and
organized crime groups.
 Run the protective devices of people and goods entrusted to them and
require special qualifications.
 Perform underwater surveys aimed at finding victims, explosive devices
or any other effect used for the commission of a crime.
 Perform any service whose implementation required special
qualifications.
 Prominent Politicians reassure the country.
 Custodian will held in maximum security prison and criminal Coastal
Garcia Moreno
 Provide support when requested, usually for seizures, together with the
SRI, the CAE, or Fire.

59
DIALOGUE FROM A FRIEND WHO HAD AN ACCIDENT
Mary: What happened?
Michael: I cut my finger
Mary: But are you okay?
Michael: if it hurts a little
Mary: Let me see you help
Michael: if thanks
Mary: I take you to the hospital!
Michael: No need, I'll get Alcohol and gauze
Mary: Well I hope all is well
Michael: thanks.
THAT SHOULD DO AND SHOULD NOT DO ONLINE
 You should never send personal information, it is better to remain
anonymous.
 You must use a good antivirus to prevent viruses Line.
 You should visit interesting sites to feed their minds.
 When entering social networks use a nickname in the user name in order
to have a comfortable conversation.
 Remember that people online may not be who they seem.
 It is best to avoid meeting online friends face to face.
 And things they do not tell you to do.
 It is better to use it responsibly.

60
COMPARING MY FAMILY MEMBERS
My brother is shyer than my mother.
My father is kinder than my father.
My husband is more skilled than my brother.
My husband is braver than my son.
My son is as smart as me.
I am more sociable than my husband.
My son is nicer than my husband.
My father is better than my mother.
My mom is older than my son.
My brother is taller than my husband.
My mother is fatter than me.
My husband has the darker skin color than me.
I have longer hair than my father.
My son's eyes are bigger than me.
My mother has the pointy nose than my husband.
My husband has thicker lips than mine.
I have more tattoos than my brother.

61
BIOGRAPHY OF BEATRIX POTTER
INTRODUCTION
Name: Helen Beatrix Potter.
Date of birth: July 28, 1866.
What famous for: Writing your first book The Tale of Peter Rabbit.
EARLY YEARS
SCHOOL: In 1872 Ms. Hammond Florrie first used as Beatrix's governess. In
1878 he received his first art lessons with Miss Cameron are used to give art
lessons. In 1883 a new governess is appointed by Beatrix, Miss Annie Carter. In
1885 Annie Carter leaves home to marry Edwin Moore Potter and Beatrix
education is considered finished.
STUDIES: In 1880 Art Prize give grants a Certificate of Art Student of the
Department of Art and Science Museum in South Kensington, for freehand
drawing and model.
LATER YEARS
In 1893 the story of Peter Rabbit: Holiday in Dunkeld in September, Beatrix
sends a letter to the photo of Annie Moore son Noel, who tells the story of Peter
Rabbit, for the first time.
In 1901 Beatrix Potter privately printed an edition of The Tale of Peter Rabbit
Illustrated in black and white. In 1902 the commercial edition of The Tale of
Peter Rabbit was first published by Frederick Warne & Co. In 1903 Beatrix
Peter Rabbit doll made and recorded in the Patent Office.
FAMILY: In 1905 Proposed Beatriz editor Norman Warne, July is proposed. In
1905 Norman Warne died of leukemia on August 25. In 1913 Beatrix Potter
Cumbria marries his lawyer, William Heelis, in Kensington, London, on October
15. In 1913 Beatrix and William move into Castle Cottage. In 1914 Beatrix
Potter's father, Rupert, died on May 8, 81 years. In 1918 Beatrix Potter's
brother, Bertram, died of a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 46. In 1919 Beatrix
Potter Lindeth How to purchase a house in Windermere, his widowed mother,
Helen. In 1932 Beatrix Potter, the AM mother, Helen, died on December 20
aged 93. In 1943 Beatrix Potter died at Castle Cottage, Sawrey on December
22, 77 years old, leaving all his land to the National Trust.
In 1945 William Heelis, Beatrix's husband dies at Sawrey on August 4, 73.

62
JOB: In 1919 Beatrix Potter helps nursing establishes a trust that provides local
district nurse. In 1921Pierre Lapin (Peter Rabbit) and Jeannot Lapin (Benjamin
Bunny) are published in French by Frederick Warne & Co. In 1921 the first book
of Peter Rabbit was published in Braille by the Royal Institute for the Blind. In
1924 Beatrix Potter purchasing 2,000 acres Trout beck Park Farm and employs
Tom Storey as their pastor for Herdwick sheep breed there.
ACHIEVEMENTS: In 1928 Beatrix Potter raises funds for a campaign to save
the picturesque Windermere Cockshott Point developers. In 1930 Beatrix wins
Silver Challenge Cup for Best Herdwick sheep in the Lake District. In 1943
Beatrix is elected President of Herdwick Sheep breeders, AO Association.
YOUR FEELINGS
In 1941 an entire edition of The Tale of Peter Rabbit are lost in a bombing
during the war in London. In 1966 the Journal of Beatrix Potter, a full transcript
is published by Frederick Warne & Co. In 1967 sixty paintings by Beatrix Potter
fungus are used to illustrate PTC Wayside Doctor Findlay and forest
mushrooms.
In 1971 ballet film, Tales of Beatrix Potter, Royal Ballet dancers choreographed
by Frederick Ashton, sieved. In 1980 Beatrix Potter Society was founded to
promote the study and appreciation of his life and works. In 1987 Frederick
Warne & Co. photography work of Beatrix Potter's 23 tales and make new
printing plates for each book, dramatically improving the quality of artwork.
In 1992 the world of Peter Rabbit and his friends, animated television series,
begins on BBC TV. In 2002 on the centenary year of the Tale of Peter Rabbit,
Frederick Warne & Co. theme "reoriginated" new editions of the 23 stories,
using modern technology to improve all aspects of their production.
In 2006 the film Miss Potter is launched, directed by Chris Noonan and starring
Renée Zellweger and Ewan McGregor. In 2012 the 110th anniversary of The
Tale of Peter Rabbit is celebrated with the release of a brand new story of Peter
Rabbit, The Tale of Peter Rabbit addition, written by Oscar-winning actress and
screenwriter Emma Thompson. In 2012, a new animated series Peter Rabbit
brand is in development. In 2013 Brand new animated series launches with
impressive award winning animation studio Brown Bag Films, and created in
collaboration with Penguin, Nickelodeon and Silver gate Media. After a
Christmas special in 2012, 52 brand new episodes begin airing in 2013.
COMMENTS
I find it interesting the life of Helen Beatrix Potter tales since she think that were
rejected but gave up front and followed that with effort and dedication
everything is possible and it achieved its goal was the publication of his books.

63
LINKS:
 http://www.peterrabbit.com
 http://www.peterrabbit.com/en/beatrix_potter/beatrixs_life
AN APPLICATION LETTER
Dear Mrs. Brown,
I am writing to apply for the position of part-time
salesperson as advertised in the newspaper.
I am a student of twenty four years old; I am currently
at university in studying External Trade. Although I
have no work experience, I am a reliable and
hardworking. I am friendly and I like meeting new
people and I feel these are suitable qualities for the job.
I am available for an interview every morning. Thanks
for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from
you.
Yours sincerely,
Maritza Tulcanaza
Maritza Tulcanaza

64
PROJECT
TRADITION OF ECUADOR
ALL SOULS' DAY
Elaborate colada morada and bread, two products in Ecuador religious
Catholicism, when reminded of death, which for some is the end of life and to
others as a dimensional shift.
Flowers and memories covering the graves on this day long for their deceased
loved ones.
Although the practice is declining, still seen in some cemeteries tasting
Ecuadorian favorite food of the deceased who have been visiting and left your
food portion.
Also less attachment, Ecuador uses dark clothing on the day of the dead,
especially black and purple in sorrow.
Aside from the costumes, the tradition is evident in the culinary colada morada
made with black corn flour, mortiño (a plant native to the moors) that, along with
Sango rache grass adds color and flavor to the soup, cinnamon flower (tap),
cloves, boil verbena, orange leaves.
The preparation may vary, but most include discharges pineapple small squares
at the end of cooking, regardless of the recipe, red is always bruised.
There are many ways they can express a sense of brotherhood with the dead
on this day. Importantly, despite the wide inference of Catholicism today, the
ancient customs of our people are still, and with them an identity that identifies
us worldwide, so you should be very proud and strive to maintain these habits
over time.

65
JOB INTERVIEW
Michael: Good morning. Please take a seat.
Mary: Good morning. Thank you.
Michael: So, why do you think you will be a good cashier, Mary?
Mary: Well, I am honest and hardworking person and reliable.
Michael: It says here you are a good student.
Mary: Yes, that's right. I have excellent grades.
Michael: I see. Are you able to work Saturdays?
Mary: Yes, that's not a problem.
Michael: Well, I think l'll give you a try. Could you come in for a couple of hours
tomorrow?
Mary: if I can
Michael: Ok. Come in at 8:00. I'll show you how everything works and if all goes
well, you can start next week.
Mary: thank you very much.
SHOULD CHILDREN WORK? WHY NOT?
Children should not work because it is the responsibility of the parents work, the
children were procreated to be protected and give those lots of love, then they
grow them adequate education to have a good future and so then they can
educate their children in the best way.
IMAGINE YOU ARE A 15-YEAR-OLD VICTORIAN BOY
If I was a girl of 15 years old and lived in the Victorian era would like to work in
the cotton mill because I would feed and feed my family even dangerous, they
work long hours and wages are very low, but try to take my family on and try to
take care of the most accident and my health.

66
PROJECT
STATEMENTS ABOUT PLACES IN THE WORLD
1. In Ecuador there are lakes that have dried.
2. Yahuarcocha means "Lake of Blood", which is derived from
the Quechua roots Yaguar = blood = Cocha lake.
3. Currently Yahuarcocha lagoon has become one of the main
tourist centers of the province of Imbabura.
4. The Willandra Lakes Region in Australia is considered one of
the most important archaeological sites in the world.
5. The Acropolis of Athens is the most famous historic site in
Greece.
6. The historic center of Quito is located in the south of the city
center of Quito, Ecuador, on an area of 375.2 hectares (3.75
km ²) and is considered one of the most important historic
areas in Latin America.
7. At night, when the lights come on in the city, you can take a
stroll through the historic center of Quito in a carriage drawn
by horses, the style of the colonial era.
8. The volcano Chimborazo is the highest mountain in Ecuador
and the furthest point from the center of the Earth.
9. Mount Chimborazo is completely covered by glaciers.
10. The Chimborazo, on clear days, open skies, has been seen
from the city of Guayaquil, which is 142 km.

67
PROJECT
A TOUR GUIDE
YAHUARCOCHA LAGOON
Located: at 3 km from the city of Ibarra
Made of: water
Construction: 12.000 years ago
Reason for its name: By the bloody battle Yaguar = blood = Cocha
lake. Lake of Blood.
Historic center of Quito
Located: in the center of the city of Quito
Made of: monumental buildings
Construction: in 800 BC
Considered: World Heritage the September 18, 1978
Chimborazo Volcano
Located: located in the Central Andes 150 km southwest of Quito
and 20 km northeast of Riobamba.
Made of: rash
Construction: about 550 BC
Cover, for glaciers
Dangers: lava flows

68
A PROS AND CONS ESSAY
Introduction:
Can you imagine yourself having a wild animal as a pet? It sounds
exciting, but is it right to have one at home?
Main body:
There are certain advantages to having wild animals as pets. First, it
is a good way to learn about them, because they show their
qualities, characteristics which we can capitalize on the relearning of
skills. Second, you help protect their species, because we can offer
them a safe place to live and eat.
On the other hand, there are certain drawbacks to having wild
animals as pets. First of all owners don’t know how to take care of
them because they are very difficult to control animals and eat a lot.
Also, they can be dangerous, because they could devour people
and animals.
Conclusion:
To sum up, wild animals should be in their natural habitat, where
they have ample space and enjoy freedom. I believe having them as
pets would not be right for the dangers it represents.

69
ECUADOR NATURE RESERVE
MACHALILLA NATIONAL PARK (PNM)
It is an ecological reserve and archaeological importance. Its charm lies in the
combination of desert, lowland areas of the park are dry and semi, have
beautiful scenery, beaches, bays and cliffs. It has an infinite range of marine
and terrestrial species.
The park is a true natural museum of pre-Columbian history of Ecuador and
South America. For several investigators dry forests are most important in the
world for its high degree of endemism.
Have safe, tranquil beaches, to stand out from its shores rocky cliffs. These are
the islands of La Plata and Salango, several smaller islands and islets
picturesque marine area two nautical miles jutting into the sea from the coast.
Date Created: July 26, 1979
Location: Located southwest of the province of Manabí, in the cantons of
jipijapa, Puerto Lopez and Montecristi.
Extent is one of the largest protected areas of the Ecuadorian coast and
comprises two zones: a land (56,184 ha) and navy (14,430 mn)
Climate: Dry, however, marine air masses produce moisture. The average
annual temperature ranges from 23.5 to 24.5 ° C.
¿Where is it?
It is located southwest of the province of Manabí, in the cantons of jipijapa,
Puerto Lopez and Montecristi.
¿What can you see there?
Fauna, flora, beaches, etc.
¿What can you do there?
Can visit the beaches and fun.

70
DONATION
Walter: Hello, organization saving whales. How can I help you?
Maritza: Hi. I am interested in making a donation.
Walter: That is fine. Do you want to make a one-time donation or
would you prefer to make a regular monthly one?
Maritza: A monthly donation, please. Let’s say $ 50 per month. Can I
pay in cash?
Walter: Sure. You can deposit it into our bank account. It’s First
Interstate Bank, Account No. 400 100 843. Could I have your full
name and address, please?
Maritza: Of course. My name is Maritza Tulcanaza and I live in San
Francisco and Argentina Avenue, Habana Neighborhood, Ecuador.
Walter: Thank you very much, Ms. Tulcanaza. We’ll send you our
magazine every three months and regular mail about our
campaigns.
Maritza: Thanks a lot.

71
AIR POLLUTION
The Problem
The main problem is caused by man
already reached dangerous levels in
many parts of the world. It is a serious
threat to human welfare and survival of
other beings on Earth.
Health Effects
There is evidence that there is a close
relationship between environmental
pollution and deaths from
cardiovascular disease, bronchitis and
all types of cancer. In addition,
pollutants irritate the eyes, throat and
lungs, causing sore throat, cough, etc.
Ozone, a pollutant that is also
generated by motor vehicles, has
deleterious effects on the performance
of athletes. At build, difficult breathing,
damage tissue and can cause death.
Clearing the Air
In an effort to combat pollution of the
atmosphere have initiated several
international, national and local
concern in particular the establishment
and enforcement of air quality
guidelines.
Following this, the industry is forced to
produce ovens, machines and cleaner
and more efficient methods. Micro
particles can be removed emitted by
factories, homes and cars with a
variety of filters, washing devices and
electrostatic precipitators.
Conclusion
Air Pollution refers to any naturally
sucomposición alteration.
Air pollution can be caused by natural
factors or product of unconscious
human activities.
Air pollution has consequences for
human beings, animals, plants,
materials and environmental problems
such as smog, greenhouse effect, acid
rain and decrease in the ozone layer.
Automobiles are major air pollutants.
But we can reduce this pollution when
we take measure.

72
MY EATING HABITS
My eating habits are my breakfast usually consists of juice and scrambled eggs
with bread, lunch of vegetable soup, rice with beans, beef or chicken, salad and
a drink, snack on junk food and soda.
I eat too much rice, lot of junk food, too much soda as few fruits.
What I would change would be the junk food, soda and rice because they are
fat, dyes that harm my health.
AN INVITATION LETTER
Dear Nicole
Hi! How are you? I have a party on Friday for my
birthday in Tulcan.
The party has a French theme so there will be a variety
of French dishes. My mom is organizing the menu and
decor. You need to bring a coat because it's cold.
Just give me a call from the station when you arrive and
pick up my brother. The party starts at 17:00.
Please let me know as soon possible.
Love,
Maritza

73
PROJECT
FOOD IDIOMS
1) Buscarse / win chickpeas.
I will ask my father more money from me by myself now I'll keep working.
2) Give the grapes (someone).
As not finish this job soon we will be here until midnight.
3) Be something brainer.
You will not have problems with the exercise of verbs, is easy.
4) Send pumpkins (someone).
Poor Ignacio, spent months trying to get out with Sophia, but she always says
no.

74
5) Be like a noodle.
Irene gives me so jealous! It is very thin but eats all you want.
6) Cut the cod
My house is my mother in charge.
7) Getting like a soup
It suddenly started to rain and I had no umbrella. Come completely wet.
8) Import a pepper / cumin / radish (someone)
Andrew has already started dating another girl, but I do not mind anything.
9) Being bad milk / grape
Do not talk to Michael when she wakes up in the morning you always in a bad
mood.

75
10) Get him out (someone) up the pieces
It takes a lot of nerve! I always ask them to solve problems that messes.
DIALOGUE BIRTHDAY OF A FRIEND
Mary: Here is my gift. Hope you like it.
Lucia: That's very kind of you. What is it?
Mary: Open and view.
Lucia: Wow! It's a nice dress.
Mary: Try it to see if it fits.
Lucia: Ok. Wait a second. That's it. It is exactly my size. What do you think, as I
have?
Mary: It really looks good on you. This matches the color of your hair.
Lucia: Really? Thank you very much.

76
FOOD CHAIN
PRODUCERS
Organisms are capable of transforming organic inorganic
substances. The producers are represented by plants and algae,
which have the power to transform the energy of sunlight into
chemical energy. All animals depend directly or indirectly
community of producers, demonstrating that without green plants is
impossible life on our planet.
CONSUMERS
The power of consumers is from producers or other consumers.
Within this group there are a lot of species, from the smallest to the
largest predators. Animals that eat plant organisms (cow, horse,
lobster, and giraffe) are primary consumers (or first order). The
animals that eat primary consumers (fox, frog, tiger, and eagle) are
secondary consumers (or second order). Every living organism is a
link in the chain. Typically, each chain having from two to five or six
membered.
DECOMPOSERS
The decomposers are responsible for disintegration of the dead
bodies of plants and animals. In addition, other power supply of
these organisms are animal droppings, hair and wool that mammals
lose, leaves and fruits of the trees that fall to the ground, etc..
Bacteria and fungi are the main living organisms that are
responsible for transforming the organic matter of dead organisms
into inorganic substances or minerals, to make them available to the
plants.
IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN
They are important as they maintain a balance in the environment
and also because from all the members of this takes place the
transformation of energy, on the other hand all living things are part
of the food chain, consumers still plants primary, the secondary
herbivores and predators including man is the tertiary.
LINKS:
 http://hnncbiol.blogspot.com/2008/01/cadenas-alimentarias-
clic-en-link-azul.html
 http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/
 http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/kids_home.cfm
 http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/frogs/chain_reacti
on/index.cfm
 http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/frogs/chain_reacti
on/play_chainreaction.cfm

77
OLYMPIC GAMES
SOCHI BIATHLETES CARRY COURSE LEADERS
The Laura Ski and Biathlon Center - a venue of Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic
Games next year - has hosted the final stage of the IBU World Cup 2012/2013,
the penultimate round of the 2012-13 seasons.
Most of the world's best biathletes tested the new stadium, the scope and single
tracks, sprint and relay competitions against March 7 to 10 shots.
The individual competitions include challenging tracks, which include long
climbs and technical descents.
During the Winter Games next year, the Laura skiing and biathlon center both
biathlon host and cross-country evidence. The place has two different stages,
with their own output and finishing areas and separate sets of tracks cross
country skiing and biathlon.
LINKS:
 http://www.olympic.org/sochi-2014-winter-olympics
 http://www.olympic.org/sochi-2014-winter-olympics?articlenewsgroup=-
1&articleid=194226
 http://www.olympic.org/olympic-games
 http://www.olympic.org/

78
MY FAVORITE CD
PROJECT
PROCLAMATION OF FELLOWSHIP
Name: Fellowship
Type: Street Cry
Location: Tulcan-Ecuador
When it takes place: April
Activities: Dozens of cultural, academic, art, music, sports and concerts, among
other activities.
Artist: Selena Gomez
Album: Dance Stars
Most popular song: Slow Down
Album also includes: Birthday Stars
Rating: Five Stars
‘Dance Stars' Selena Gomez
'Stars Dance' is an album by American singer
Selena Gomez. Selena is a talented singer who is
popular with teens around the world. She has a
contralto voice, powerful music, and exciting
characters, so expect it to be for long!
The most popular song of the album so far is Slow
Down. "This album is full of catchy melodies
amazing. Includes other themes that their fans can
enjoy as well as an excellent track, "Birthday Stars".
The album is sure to be on top of the charts for
months!
Rating:

79
DIALOGUE TO BUY MOVIE TICKETS
Mary: Two tickets for Pirates of the Caribbean three at 4 pm, please.
John: Sorry but there are no tickets left.
Mary: Oh, that's too bad.
John: We still have tickets for the 7 pm and 10 pm showings.
Mary: Oh, OK. Two tickets for 7 pm then, please.
John: That's $24, Please.
Mary: Is there a discount for children?
John: Yes, Tickets are $8 for children.
Mary: OK. Here you are.
John: Thank you. Enjoy the movie!
PROJECT
SOUNDTRACKS IN HORROR MOVIES
The music accompanying the films helps
underscore the scenes and makes them
more powerful. Through it, increases the
feeling of what you see on screen,
whether you hear a song or instrumental
piece.
Their presence in the horror genre is
essential to make the viewer feel the
anguish experienced by the characters
on the screen. So Omghorror sites and
Cinematically published their lists with
the best musical themes of horror film,
pieces that have accompanied tapes left
their mark on its viewers.
These soundtracks helped make famous
that accompanied the films. These
issues are to listen; we remind the public
fear that caused the tapes.

80
CONCLUSIONS
This folder has managed to meet all the basic goals I have set.
Different modules have been developed to obtain information,
organize it and scored to level the study of us. All this is done for the
benefit of us because it allows an easy understanding of the subject.
This has allowed me to experience satisfies me, as to the methods
of practice the results have been somewhat favorable. The
development of this folder also represents an interesting contribution
to the English language.

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