Michael Cramer Conference ECLF , Donóstia San Sebastian 2015

1. Pollution, congestion and
transport planning in urban areas
Michael Cramer (MEP)
Donostia, 15 October 2015
Cycle logistics from every angle

2. My theses
• We need a shift in mobility patterns to stop climate change.
• Emission free/Low-­emission transport has to play a key role.

3. Where we want to go:
the EU targets for 2020
• 20% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
• 20% of EU’s energy from renewable resources
• 20% improvement of energy efficiency

4. CO2 emissions by sector (2011)

5. Evolution of EU GHG emissions and EU targets
Source: European Commission, 2015,
transport data excludesInternational Bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU)

6. The CO2 footprint of transport modes
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
truck inland
navigation
freight
train
CO2
emissions
by
transport
mode
kg
CO2
per
t-­‐km
So far no europe-­wide numbers for cargobikes

7. Mandatory rail charge in Europe
Track access charges vary broadly across the EU.
Source: ECMT (2005)

8. Non-­mandatory road charge for lorries
road charge for lorries in Europe
EUR-­cents per km
Source: International Transport Forum (2012)

9. Toll: On rail network: 100%
on road network: 0.9%
9
Source: Eurostat, ASECAP
statistical bulletin 2010

10. Taxation of rail services

11. • No kerosene tax (14 bn. EUR subsidies per year)
• No Value Added Tax on international flights (16 bn. EUR/year)
• Integration in EU Emissions Trading Scheme suspended
• No charges on air corridors (with the exception of Siberia)
Priviliges for aviation

12. Inland navigation
• No fuel taxation
• No charges on most of the waterways
Maritime transport
• Using heavy oil (hazardous waste incinerators without filters)
• Not integrated into emission trading system
Priviliges for Waterborne Transport

13. 600
800
480
260
470
300
200
40
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
China
Romania
Russia
Berlin
EU
Spain
Germany
USA
Cars per 1 000 inhabitants

14. • in 2050 84% of the EU population will live in cities
• in cities, transport is responsible for:
Ø 40% of all CO2 emissions
Ø 70% of all emissions which are harmful to the climate
• by 2060, 30% of alle EU citizens will be older than 60 years (today: 17%)
• More than 90% of all car rides in German cities are shorter than 6 km
(Peter Ramsauer)
Both problems and solutions
are concentrated in urban areas

15. Atlanta – Barcelona
• almost the same size of population
• the area covered by Atlanta is 26 times larger

16. The importance of
space development
Space development shoud allow to
• avoid unnessary traffic (example: mix functions)
• shift to sustainable modes of transport (ex.: sufficient density)
• make every mode more efficient (ex.: less traffic jams)

17. 30 km/h makes a real difference

18. The European Parliament’s position
“Strongly recommends the responsible authorities to
introduce speed limits of 30 km/h in residential
areas and on all one-­lane roads in urban areas
which have no separate cycle lane, with a view to
protecting vulnerable road users more effectively;;”
In: European Parliament resolution of 27 September 2011 on European road safety
2011-­2020
Example: in Berlin, a speed limit of 30 km/h already
applies to 80% of all roads

19. Tempo 30: Big advantages
More Safety…
• Brake path: 28 m instead of 13 m
• 42 % less accidents
• Risk to be killed: 80% instead of 10%
• Acceptance increased
Environment protection an lower costs
• Emissions: -­ 12%
• Noise: -­3 db(A) = feeling is 50 %
• Forest of traffic signs: more clear and
lower costs
Hardly no loss of time…
• Only 10-­20 Sek. per km
• Berlin: Average speed of cars 19 km/h
Higher quality of life…
• Space for children, pedestrians,
cyclists and public transport
• Less stress

20. Tempo 30: Big Success
Actuel Success…
• From Graz in Austria and Pontevedra in Spain via the network in France
„Ville 30“ to Liverpool in the UK
• Big interest also in German cities
• New York City creates „New Walk City“

21. The EU & space development
The EU
• respects subsidiarity: towns, cities and regions are in charge
• co-­funds projects – but needs to be more selective!
• supports „Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans“

22. Declaration EU transport ministers:
Cycling as climate friendly Transport Mode
Innovation:
• Bicycle innovation will boost jobs and growth
and support EU industry through new
technology and services.
Environment
• In growing urban centres, cycling is an essential
tool against traffic jams
• More than half of all motorized cargo trips in EU
cities could be shifted to cargo bikes

23. Declaration EU transport ministers:
Cycling as climate friendly Transport Mode
Health:
• The health benefits of switching from car to
bicycle amply outweigh the safety risks.
• Through congestion easing, emissions and
noise reduction, public health and infrastructure
cost savings, cycling benefits even those who
don’t practice it.

24. Declaration EU transport ministers:
Cycling as climate friendly Transport Mode
Financing:
• Demand mainstreaming of the promotion of
cycling into existing EU policy instruments:
– (Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans in the 2013
Urban Mobility Package, Policy Orientations on
Road Safety 2011-­2020, CIVITAS 2020, ELTIS,
URBACT and the European Mobility Week)
– and relevant funding instruments (including
European Structural and Investment Funds,
COSME and Horizon 2020)

25. Declaration EU transport ministers:
Cycling as climate friendly Transport Mode
Action plan (I):
1. Integrate cycling into multimodal transport
2. Develop an EU level strategic document
1. list all the goals within EU competence
2. identify EU policy and funding instruments
3. include cycling in the above EU policies and
funding instruments.

26. Declaration EU transport ministers:
Cycling as climate friendly Transport Mode
Action plan (II):
3. Set up a European focal point for cycling
1. to serve as a one-­stop-­shop for cycling
2. exchange of best practices among Member States
3. monitor the implementation and the impact of the
EU strategy for cycling.
Member States can contribute by:
4. Designating a national focal point for cycling
5. Infrastructure projects aim to strengthen
(inter)national, regional and local networks.

27. Declaration EU transport ministers:
Cycling as climate friendly Transport Mode
Action plan (III):
Welcome initiatives by urban, local and regional
authorities to:
6. Include cycling in urban, local or regional
projects, both as an efficient transport mode and
as a recreational activity.
7. Draw on national and international best
practices, co-­funding opportunities and guidelines
by working with national and European focal
points for cycling and with other stakeholders.

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