1. Key Issues in Sanitation and Pit-emptying
Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)
and Orangi Pilot Project (OPP)
University of Bristol – Feb, 2013
Mansoor Ali
20 January 2013

2. What is Community-Led Total
Sanitation (CLTS)? – Is it a hope?

3. Why 2.5 billion people do not
have access to improved
sanitation?

4. Discussion on Two Major
Approaches on Improving
Sanitation
Rural; Community Led Total
Sanitation (CLTS)
Urban; Orangi Pilot Project on Lane
Sewers

5. What do we mean by sanitation
improvement?

6. CLTS and OPP Framing of the
problem
 Lack of demand
 Do not have money
 Do not like toilets
 Expensive technologies
 Lack of organisation
 Waiting for government and donors
 Do not understand health impact

7. CLTS – Key Features
 Key - triggering through shame – talk shit
 Focus on natural local leaders
 No upfront subsidy for material etc.
 Villagers take the collective responsibility
 Entire village becomes “Open Defecation
Free (ODF)”
 People decide technologies and standards
 Possible reward after ODF declaration
 Village to village replication

9. How CLTS is different from
conventional approaches?
Conventional Approach; CLTS Approach
•Starts with data, planning and •Starts with the addressing the
design change in attitude with
• Technical designs and costing triggering
set the pathway for the action • Community takes the
• Government role and responsibility and design
regulation are important themselves
• Operation and maintenance is • Community processes are
planned more important
• Up-front subsidies are part of • Community will do this
investment themselves
• Large investments needed • Subsidies are discouraged
• Small investments needed

10. OPP – Key Features
 Motivational meeting in the community
 Lane organisation and lane manager
 Technical support; plan, designs, cost
estimate, supervision, tools and shuttering
 No subsidy and no reward
 Lane group collect and manage money
 Lobby for government support
 Health, education and loans available
 A demonstration area/ physical model

11. 20 January 2013

12. 20 January 2013

13. Technology Differences
 OPP low cost lane sewers with a septic tank
 CLTS – mainly on-site with community
deciding the standards

14. People behind CLTS and OPP
Kamal Kar
Robert Chamber
Lyla Mehta
Akhtar Hameed Khan
Arif Hasan
Perveen Rahman

15. Sources of Further Information
IDS, University of Sussex
Orangi Pilot Project
Akhtar Hameed Khan Trust
Water and Sanitation Programme
(WSP
UNICEF
Book; Shit Mattter
Books; Various by Arif Hasan

16. Choose your debate
Debate 1; CLTS allows people to
choose technologies and
standards, although this
empowers them, but end-up with
very poor quality toilets – so no
health impact?
Agree, disagree, continue,
change

17. Choose your debate
Debate 2; OPP only transfers
wastewater (the problem)
from lanes to large drains,
although this systems
empowers people but creates
problems for others?
Agree, disagree, continue,
change

18. Thank you
Mansoor.ali@practicalaction.org.uk
www.practicalaction.org/yourpagehere
NAME | 20 January 2013