Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that were discovered in 1944 and are produced by Streptomyces and Micromonospora bacteria. They include streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, and amikacin for systemic use, as well as neomycin and framycetin for topical use. Aminoglycosides are highly polar, administered parenterally, distributed extracellularly, and excreted unchanged in urine. They are bactericidal against aerobic gram-negative bacilli by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. While effective against various infections, aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neuromuscular blockade