The document outlines Ralph Tyler's model for curriculum design. The model is based on 4 fundamental questions: 1) what educational purposes should the school seek to attain, 2) what educational experiences can be provided to attain these purposes, 3) how can these experiences be effectively organized, and 4) how can we determine if the purposes are being attained. The model also considers the nature and structure of knowledge, the needs of learners, and the needs of society.

1. A Curriculum Model
based on the work of
Ralph Tyler

2. A Definition of Curriculum
(Daniel Tanner, 1980)
“The planned and guided
learning experiences and
intended learning outcomes,
formulated through the
systematic reconstruction of
knowledge and experiences,
under the auspices of the
school, for the learners’
continuous and willful growth
in personal social
competence.”

3. Curriculum Models
• Are based on a body of
theory about teaching
& learning.
• Are targeted to needs
& characteristics of a
particular group of
learners.
• Outline approaches,
methods & procedures
for implementation.

4. The Tyler Model of
Curriculum Design
• The nature &
structure of
knowledge
• The needs of
the society
• The needs of
the learner

5. Fundamental Questions in
Developing Curriculum
1 What
educational
purposes
should the
school seek
to attain?

6. Fundamental Questions in
Developing Curriculum
2 What
educational
experiences
can be
provided that
are likely to
attain these
purposes?

7. Fundamental Questions in
Developing Curriculum
3 How can
these
educational
experiences
be effectively
organized?

8. Fundamental Questions in
Developing Curriculum
4 How can we
determine
whether and to
what extent
these purposes
are being
attained?

9. The Nature & Structure
of Knowledge
√ Selection of
subject matter
√ Organization of
subject matter
or discipline
√ Theoretical
basis of
methods &
approaches

10. Curriculum Development Process
Philosophy of
Education
Goals & Aims
General Instructional
Objectives
Specific Instructional
Objectives &
Outcomes
Task Analysis &
Content Selection
Learning Activities

11. Selection of Subject Matter
⇒Criteria: Relevance,
importance, priority
⇒Scope: Amount,
depth of coverage,
concentration
⇒Sequence:
Hierarchy &
progression of
complexity or
difficulty

12. Organization of Subject Matter
# Discrete subjects or
courses
# Broad fields or
disciplines
# Core or
interdisciplinary
# Skills or processes
# Projects & activities

13. Approaches to Subject Matter
∞ Textual
∞ Experimental
∞ Developmental
∞ Psycho-social
∞ Experiential

14. Needs of the Learner
* Cognitive
development
* Linguistic
development
* Psycho-social
development
* Moral/affective
development
* Vocational focus

15. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human
Needs Self -
Actualization
Self - Esteem
Love & Belonging
Safety
Physiological

16. The Needs of Society
√ Literacy
√ Vocational skills
√ Social order &
morality
√ Interpersonal skills
√ Transmission of
values & culture
√ Creativity &
innovation