1. Salvia divinorum: Will
this sage make you
sage?
LUCAS CASSERLIE

2. Salvia divinorum: Background
 Limiacea (Mint Family)1-3
 Mazatec Indians1-10
Spiritual Rituals
Medical Treatment
 Hallucinogen
Dream-like
 Recreational Use
http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-salvia-laws.aspx

3. Salvinorin A Chemical Structure
 1982 Ortega et al.9-10
 Κ-Opioid Receptor
NovaScreen™9-10
NIMH-PDSP (National Institute
of Mental Health Psychoactive
Drug Screening Program)10
 Specificity
Siebert DJ. Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A: new pharmacologic
findings. J Ethnopharmacol. 1994;43:53-56.

4. Morphine vs. Salvinorin A
http://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/3D/mo
rphine_molecule.htm
http://www.sagewisdom.org/salvmlflat.html
Mu Kappa

5. Salvinorin A: Unique
 Non-Nitrogenous Opioid Agonist/
Hallucinogen7,9
 Opioid Acting Hallucinogen2-3,5,7-9
 5-HT2A
 Most Potent Natural Hallucinogen5,9
 LSD Equivalent

6. Routes of Administration
 Siebert DJ. (1994)10
 Oral Ingestion (0.5-2h)
Leaves
Extract (200-500µg)
 GI Degradation
 Inhalation (10-30min)
http://kipeducation.com/blog/?p=284

7. Metabolism and Excretion of Salvinorin
A
 Hooker et al. (2008)6
 Carbon-11 labeled
Salvinorin A
 Multiple metabolism
mechanisms
 Kidney/Urinary Bladder
 Gallbladder
 Short Half-Life

8. Morphine vs. Salvinorin A
http://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/3D/mo
rphine_molecule.htm
http://www.sagewisdom.org/salvmlflat.html
Mu Kappa
Carbon-11

9. Effects of Salvia Divinorum
 MacLean et al. (2012)7
 Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled (N=8)
 16 does Salvinorin A (0.375-21µg/kg)
 Vitals/evaluations during
 Follow-up interviews
 After each session
 1 month after all sessions

10. Described Experiences7
MacLean KA, Johnson MW, Reissig CJ, Prisinzano TE, Griffiths RR. Dose-related effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and
memory effects. Psychopharmacology. 2013;226:381-392.

11. Characteristics of Salvia Divinorum Use
 Themes3-4,7-8,10,
 Dream-like
 Contact with entities
 Revisiting Childhood memories
 Cartoon Imagery
 Pulling/Twisted
 0 reported bad experiences7

12. Additional Studies similar to MacLean et
al. (2012)
 Addy PH. (2011) (N=23)4
 Dream-like
 87% positive experience
 Ranganathan et al. (2012) (N=10)8
↑ Abuse ↓Addictive
No adverse effects

13. Review article (2013)3
Zawilska JB, Wojcieszak J. Salvia divinorum: from Mazatec medicinal and hallucinogenic plant to emerging recreational drug. Hum
Psychopharmacol. 2013;28:403-412.

14. Salvia divinorum: Will this Sage Make
you Sage?
 Kappa Opioid Hallucinogen
 Dream-like effects
 Recreational, Hallucination-seeking
Sage?
 Advancements in:
Hallucinogens
Kappa Opioid
Psychological Disorders

15. References
 1. Tsujikawa K et al. Determination of salvinorin A and salvinorin in Salvia divinorum-related
products circulated in Japan. Forensic Sci Int. 2008 Jul 31;180:105-109.
 2. Willmore-Fordham CB, Krall DM, McCurdy CR, Kinder DH. The hallucinogen derived from
Salvia divinorum, Salvinorin A, has κ-opioid agonist discriminative stimulus effects in rats.
Neuropharmacology. 2007 Jun 8;53:481-486.
 3. Zawilska JB, Wojcieszak J. Salvia divinorum: from Mazatec medicinal and hallucinogenic
plant to emerging recreational drug. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2013;28:403-412.
 4. Addy PH. Acute and post-acute behavioral and psychological effects of salvinorin A in
humans. Psychopharmacology. 2012;220:195-204.
 5. Albertson DN, Grubbs LE. Subjective effects of Salvia divinorum: LSD- or marijuana-like? J
Psychoactive Drugs. 2009 Sep;41(3):213-217.
 6. Hooker JM et al. Pharmacokinetics of the potent hallucinogen, salvinorin A in primates
parallels the rapid onset and short duration of effects in humans. Neuroimage. 2008 Mar
1;41:1044-1050.

16. References
 7. MacLean KA, Johnson MW, Reissig CJ, Prisinzano TE, Griffiths RR. Dose-related
effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and memory effects.
Psychopharmacology. 2013;226:381-392.
 8. Ranganathan M et al. Dose-related behavioral, subjective, endocrine, and
psychophysiological effects of the κ-opioid agonist salvinorin A in humans. Biol
Psychiatry. 2012;72:871-879.
 9. Sheffler DJ, Roth BL. Salvinorin A: the ‘magic mint’ hallucinogen finds a
molecular target in the kappa opioid receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci.
2003;24(3):107-110.
 10. Siebert DJ. Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A: new pharmacologic findings. J
Ethnopharmacol. 1994;43:53-56.
 11. Hooker JM, Patel V, Kothari S, Schiffer WK. Metabolic changes in the rodent
brain after acute administration of salvinorin A. Mol Imaging Biol. 2009;11:137-
143.