1. Occupational Health & Safety
OHS

2. Thought of the Day
• This is the Book about which there is no
doubt, a guidance for those conscious of their
Lord…
• Who believe in the unseen, establish prayer,
and spend out of what We have provided for
them…
Al-Quran
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3. Terms
• competent person means a person who has acquired, through
training, qualification, or experience, or a combination of
these, the knowledge and skills, to perform the work activity
• construction site means a place at which construction work is
undertaken, and any other area in the vicinity where plant or other
material used or to be used in connection with the construction
work is located or kept during the construction work
• construction work means
1. Excavation or filling of trenches, ditches, shafts, wells, tunnels
2. building, including the manufacturing of prefabricated elements of
a building at the place of work
concerned), alteration, renovation, repair, maintenance
3. civil engineering for
example, airports, harbors, waterways, river, and sea defense
works, roads and highways, railways, bridges and tunnels
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4. Terms
• hazard means a source or a situation with a potential
for harm in terms of human injury or ill-health, damage
to property, damage to the environment, or a
combination of these
• incident means an event that has the potential to harm
or injure a person or the environment
• induction training refers to several types of training
dependent on whether the employee is new to the
industry, new to the site, or performing a new work
activity
• MSDS means a Material Safety Data Sheet
• safe work method statement (SWMS)
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5. Why it should be important to you
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6. What Workers Are Most
Likely To Be Injured?
1) Least experienced employees
2) Age 16-21 20 times
3) Age 21-25 10 times
4) Age 26-30 4 times
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7. Identify the Hazards?
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8. The Numbers
• U.S. natural disaster deaths
100 deaths/year on average
• U.S. workplace accidents
10,000 deaths/year on average
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9. Key preliminary findings of the 2011
Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries
• Fatal work injuries in
the private construction
sector declined to 721
in 2011 from 774 in
2010, a decline of 7
percent and the fifth
consecutive year of
lower fatality counts.
Fatal construction
injuries are down nearly
42 percent since 2006
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10. Number and Rate of Fatal occupational
Injuries by Industry Sector 2011
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11. What Are The Most Frequent Causes
of Deaths In Construction?
• OSHA has found that 90% of all construction
fatalities result from 4 types of construction
accidents:
– Falls from elevation 33%
– Struck by equipment/falling object 22%
– Caught in/between 18%
– Electrical shock 17%
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12. Construction Workers at Top of World
Trade Centre
• BBC 15 May 2013
• Footage has been released
of the view from the steel
spire at the top of One
World Trade Center in New
York.
• The final section of the
408-foot (125 meter) spire
was installed on top of the
building last week, making
the building the tallest
structure in the western
hemisphere, at 1,776 feet
(541 m) high.
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13. Safety Pyramid
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14. OSHA Safety And Health Program
• OSHA’s General Industry
Digest
• Four Major elements
1. Management
commitment and
employee involvement
2. Worksite analysis
3. Hazard prevention and
control
4. Safety and health
training
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15. Management Commitment And
Employee Involvement
• State clearly a worksite policy on safe and healthful work
and working conditions
• Establish and communicate a clear goal for the safety and
health program
• Provide visible top management involvement in
implementing the program
• Assign and communicate responsibility for all aspects of the
program
• Provide adequate authority and resources to responsible
parties
• Hold managers, supervisors, and employees accountable
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16. Worksite Analysis
• Conduct comprehensive
baseline worksite surveys
for safety and health
• Analyze planned and new
facilities, processes, mate
rials, and equipment
• Perform routine job
hazard analyses
• Investigate accidents and
“near-miss” incidents
• Analyze injury and illness
trends
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17. Hazard Prevention And Control
• Use engineering techniques where
feasible and appropriate
• Establish safe work practices and
procedures
• Provide personal protective
equipment (PPE) when engineering
controls are not feasible
• Use administrative controls, such as
reducing the duration of exposure
• Plan and prepare for emergencies,
and conduct training and emergency
drills
• “Second Nature”
• Establish a medical program that
includes first aid onsite and
emergency medical care
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18. Safety and Health Training
• Employee training
• Supervisory training
• Analyzing the work under
their supervision to
anticipate and identify
potential hazards
• Maintaining physical
protections in their work
areas
• Reinforcing employee
training
• Understanding their safety
and health responsibilities
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19. Program Evaluation
Signs and symptoms of gaps in a
program can include
• Accidents or near-miss
incidents that go unreported
• Accidents or near-miss
incidents that are not
investigated
• The absence of a preventive
maintenance program for
equipment and facilities
• Employee/supervisor attitude
that production supersedes
safety
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20. Occupational Health & Safety 20

21. Occupational Health & Safety 21

22. Occupational Health & Safety 22

23. Employer Benefits
• Lower Workers’ Compensation Costs
• Enables Employer to Ensure Restrictions Are
Followed
• Sends a Message That Workers’ Compensation
Is Not a Paid Vacation
• Weeds Out Employees Looking for a Free Ride
• Employees Return to Their Regular Jobs More
Quickly
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24. Employee Benefits
• Sends the Message That the Employee Is
Valued
• Enhances the Employee’s Sense of Self-Worth
• Eliminates the Psychological Effects of Idleness
• Speeds Return to Regular Job
• Provides for Rapid Resumption of Salary and
Other Interests
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25. Accident Investigations
• Benefits of conducting
accident investigations
• Identifies root causes of
accidents
• Creates awareness
• Evidences trends
• Stimulates thoughts relative
to prevention
• Demonstrates management
commitment and concern
• Identifies weaknesses in the
safety program
• Justifies expenditures
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26. Documenting the Accident Scene
• Written observations
• Sketches
• Photographs
• Videotape
• Acquiring witness
statements
• Reviewing relevant
documentation
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27. Ergonomics or Human Factors
• The word ergonomics comes from Greek: ergo
means work and nomos means law;
therefore, “ergonomos” means “law of work.”
• Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific
discipline concerned with the understanding of
interactions among humans and other elements
of a system, and the profession that applies
theory, principles, data and methods to design in
order to optimize human well-being and overall
system performance.
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28. Occupational Health & Safety 28

29. Occupational Health & Safety 29

30. Safety Internet Resources
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration www.osha.gov
• Department of Transportation www.dot.gov
• Environmental Protection Agency www.epa.gov
• Federal Emergency Management Agency www.fema.gov
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
www.cdc.gov/niosh
• Department of Labor www.dol.gov
• Bureau of Labor Statistics http://stats.bls.gov
• State of California OSHA CALOSHA
www.dir.ca.gov/occupational_safety.html
• Professional organizations
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31. Noise-exposed Occupations in
Construction Industry
• Bricklayer
• Carpenter
• Concrete worker (around a
pump, vibrator, jack
hammer, or powered
finishing equipment)
• Driller
• Drywaller (shooting track or
boarding)
• Electrician
• Form worker
• Foreman
• Framer
• Labourer
• Mobile equipment operator
• Pipefitter
• Plumber
• Roofer (shake, tar/gravel,
membrane, shingle)
• Sandblaster
• Steel erector
• Supervisor
• Truck driver
• Welder/fabricator
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32. OHSAS 18001 - Occupational Health
And Safety Management System
• Hazard
Identification, Risk
Assessment & Risk
Control
• Success requires strong
Management of Change
(MOC) procedure
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33. OHS Planning
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34. Operational Control
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35. Accident, Incidents, Non-conformances &
Corrective and Preventive Action
• Handle, investigate, mitigate
– Accidents
– Incidents
– non-conformances
• Corrective and preventive actions
• Review action plans through risk assessment process
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36. Corrective and Preventive Action
• Correct immediate problem
• Mitigate consequences
• Eliminate or control root cause
• Prevent recurrence
• Review action plans through risk assessment
process
• Communicate results and monitor
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37. Exposed to fall hazard due to
unprotected side/edge
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38. The top of a stepladder shall not be
used as a step
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39. Construction Disasters
The Big Blue Crane Collapse
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40. Vehicle Monitoring System
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41. Visual and Audio Alert Systems
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42. Building Information Modeling (BIM)
and Safety
• Automatic Safety
Checking of
Construction Models
and Schedules
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43. Building Information Modeling (BIM)
and Safety
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44. Using game technologies to improve the
safety of construction plant operations
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45. Real-time resource location data collection and
visualization technology for construction safety and
activity monitoring applications
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46. Real-time Resource Location Data
Collection
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47. The Safety Culture Perspective
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48. Safety Management
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49. Occupational Health & Safety 49

50. Thank You