1. Climate Change
&
Water Resources in Pakistan

2. Changez (Genghis) Khan
1162-1227
Behead him,
who pollutes
water
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
2

3. Water Facts
• 2.6 billion people lack
improved sanitation
• 800 million people lack
access to safe drinking
water
• agriculture uses 70%
of fresh water
worldwide (40%
employment)
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
3

4. South Asia 2060
• Maximum # of FIRs registered for
theft of water
• 2nd for theft of Cattle
• 3rd… is very interesting
• Dr. Adil Najam at 16th Sustainable
Development Conference SDPI
2013… South Asia 2060
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
4

5. War Against Terrorism
The number of people killed
in War Against Terrorism
from 1990s till today is less
than the number of children
dying in Delhi due to water
related diseases annually
South Asia 2060
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
5

6. Water Issues-UNEP
Priority water-related issues
1. Agriculture
2. Industry
3. Cities
4. Watersheds
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
6

7. The Himalayas
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
7

8. River Basins in Himalayas
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
8

9. One of the Most Water-Stressed
Countries-ADB 2013
• Pakistan was pointed
as "one of the most
water-stressed
countries in the
world, not far from
being
classified,
'water-scarce‘
• Asian Development
Bank Report 2013
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
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10. Pakistan’s per capita water availability
dwindling
• The per capita water availability in Pakistan has
dwindled by over 406 percent
• from 5,260 cubic meters in 1951
• to 1,038 cubic meters in 2010
• If trend continues, then by 2020, the water availability
in Pakistan would further lower to 877 cubic meters
per annum
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
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11. Pakistan’s Storage Capacity
• Pakistan’s storage capacity
is just for 30 days
• India has the ability to store
water for 120-220 days
• Egypt has 1,000 days water
storage capacity only on
River Nile
• America 900 days on River
Colorado
• Australia 600 and South
Africa has the ability to
store water for 500 days on
River Orange
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
11

12. Q: What is MAF?
Ans: Million Acre Feet…
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
12

13. Underground Water Extraction
• In Pakistan, the
annual extraction of
water has gone up to
51 million-acre feet
• Lowering the water
table
• In future, more
energy cost for
pumping
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
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14. Losing Capacity to Store Water
• Pakistan has also lost its capacity to store
water by 27 percent
• 4.37 million feet of water… from 16.28 MAF to
11.91 MAF because of sedimentation
• Pakistan will lose more capacity to store water
by up to 37 percent (5.95MAF) in 2025
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
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15. Per Capita Storage Capacity
• United States… the per capita storage capacity
stands at 6,150 cubic meters
• Australia 5,000 cubic meters
• but in Pakistan it is just 132 cubic meters
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
15

16. Climate of Pakistan-Dr. Hanif (Pak Met Dept)
Rainfall Distribution
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
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17. Pakistan’s Climate
Pakistan is historically prone to Extreme Weather
Events/Disasters, such as
Heavy Rains/River Flooding
Torrential Rain/Flash Flooding
Monsoons
Urban Flooding
Snow-melt Flooding
Cyclones/Coastal Flooding
In Pakistan, more than 70% Extreme Weather
Events are associated with Monsoon Season
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
17

18. Weather Systems
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
18

19. Weather Systems
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
19

20. Newly Emerged Tracks
Monsoon Weather Systems: 2010, 2011, 2012
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
20

21. Monsoonal Weather Systems – Rainfall Shift
MONSOON – Rainfall Distribution (1961-1990)
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
21

22. Monsoonal Weather Systems – Rainfall Shift
MONSOON – Rainfall Distribution (1991-2010)
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
22

23. Monsoonal Weather Systems – Rainfall Shift
MONSOON – Rainfall Trend (Westward Shift)
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
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24. Future Trends in Pakistan
• Decrease in glacier volume/snow cover
• alterations in the seasonal flow pattern of the
Indus River System (IRS)
• Increased annual flows for a few decades
• followed by decline in flows in subsequent years
• Increase in the formation and outburst of glacial
lakes (GLOF)
• Higher frequency and intensity of extreme
climate events coupled with irregular monsoon
rains causing frequent floods and droughts
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
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25. Water Tankers Situation in Karachi
Climate Change & Water Resources of
Pakistan
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