http://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/SMWCon_Fall_2013/OWL_Wiki_Forms_%28OWF%29:_A_Style_Language_that_Generates_Wikis_from_Semantic_Web_Ontologies We describe OWL Wiki Forms (OWF), a Semantic MediaWiki extensions that maps any Semantic Web ontologies to a Semantic Forms-based semantic wiki. This enables quick start-up of semantic wikis for given knowledge domains. OWF's initial input is a list of URIs for online files containing Semantic Web ontologies, which are structural models for data on the Semantic Web. The resulting wikis export data entered in their forms-based interface in the semantic Web format RDF. This RDF export conforms to the input ontologies by using their URIs. OWF builds upon Semantic MediaWiki and Semantic Forms. It provides a special page on which the user enters URI's to Semantic Web ontology files online. OWF then analyses the structure of these ontologies to automatically generate new pages with which end users can annotate and then browse data conforming to these ontologies. The types of pages it generates are category, template, property and form pages, relying primarily on Semantic Forms. Any subsequent RDF export from the wiki, including via a SPARQL endpoint for the wiki, uses the URI's of the input ontologies. To tailor beyond this domain-specific default interface, OWF takes a layer style specification approach similar to that of CSS. We implement this layering in the Semantic Web style format Fresnel, which defines browsing interfaces to Semantic Web data. OWF's implementation of Fresnel is comparable to Page Schemas. Both Fresnel and Page Schemas provide declarative definitions in standardized syntaxes of Semantic Forms interfaces for given data models. While Page Schemas uses XML to define Semantic Forms interfaces directly, Fresnel uses RDF to define general semantic browser interfaces, from which OWF generates Semantic Forms code. OWF extends these two approaches with default and layered style sheets for Fresnel. Our technique automatically generates from any given ontologies Fresnel code that defines a default target interface for data using those ontologies, similar to Page Schemas' generation of interface specifications from database schemas. Hand-written Fresnel code can then cascade over this default interface style to let the user fine-tune it, similar to the layered approach in CSS. Our approach processes the source ontologies and the default and fine-tuning Fresnel to generate an assistive browse-and-annotate wiki interface. The result is the quick initialization and facilitated maintenance of distributed and accessible interfaces for collaborative input of data on the Semantic Web.

1. OWL Wiki Forms (OWF)
A Style Language that Generates Wikis from
Semantic Web Ontologies
Lloyd Rutledge

5. 5

6. 6

8. Semantic Web (Linked Data Cloud)
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_lYvHgLz4B1w/TTRg3mCss8I/AAAAAAAACEs/lOHsxbkypvo/s1600/lod-datasets_2010-09-22_colored.jpg.png

9. Linked Data Cloud, 2007

10. Your
wiki

11. Pagina 11

12. Overview
• Input: Semantic Web ontology (data model)
• Output: Semantic wiki with form-based input
• Academic results
–
Mapping of abstract data modeling to interface
• Practical results
–
Efficient quick setup of wiki interface for entering data for a given
ontology

13. Contribution
•
Mapping from Semantic Web ontologies to default interface style
–
Uses W3C technology Fresnel for Semantic Web interfaces
•
Techniques for fine tuning default with additional Fresnel
•
Mapping from Fresnel to form-based semantic wikis
–
–
•
Fine tunable default style facilitates semantic wiki startup
This Fresnel implementation adds facilitated data entry
Implementation: OWL Wiki Forms (OWF)
–
Open source MediaWiki extension
13

14. a
b
c
dbpedia:Tim_Berners-Lee
rdf:type
foaf:Person ;
rdf:type
dbpedia-owl:Person ;
rdfs:label
"Tim Berners-Lee"@en ;
foaf:depiction
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Tim_BernersLee_closeup.jpg ;
foaf:name
"Tim Berners-Lee"@en ;
foaf:surname
"Berners-Lee"@en ;
foaf:homepage http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ ;
dbpedia-owl:title
"Professor"@en ;
dbpedia-owl:birthYear
"1955-01-01T00:00:00+02:00"^^xs:gYear ;
dbpedia-owl:almaMater
dbpedia:The_Queen's_College,_Oxford ;
dbpedia-owl:occupation dbpedia:Computer_scientist ;
dbpedia-owl:birthName
"Timothy John Berners-Lee"@en ;
dbpedia-owl:residence
dbpedia:Massachusetts ;
dbpedia-owl:religion
dbpedia:Unitarian_Universalism ;
dbpprop:birthPlace
"London, England"@en ;
dbpprop:honorificSuffix "OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA"@en ;
dbpprop:dateOfBirth
"8"^^xs:int ;
dbpprop:placeOfBirth
"London, England"@en ;
dbpprop:religion
dbpedia:Unitarian_Universalism ;
dbpprop:before
"First recipient"@en ;
dbpprop:nationality
"British"@en ;
dbpprop:birthDate
1955-06-08 ;
dbpprop:title
"Professor"@en ;
dbpprop:title
"Millennium Technology Prize winner"@en ;
dbpprop:almaMater
dbpedia:The_Queen's_College,_Oxford ;
dbpprop:occupation
dbpedia:Computer_scientist ;
dbpprop:residence
"Massachusetts, U.S."@en ;

15. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
•
Specifies how an XML document should appear
–
•
Mapping from XML to presentation display model
Separation of style from content
–
Reuse of one centralized style for multiple documents
•
“Cascading” is layered building up of style from general to specific
•
Default style sheets for HTML
–
–
•
And SVG, MathML, etc.
Thus default style for a given domain of XML
Effectively a default stylesheet for XML
–
How XML appears on a web browser
15

17. from OU course T37121 Model-driven development workbook
Model-driven development

19. Model-driven Development concepts
•
Default/prototype system interface from data model (ontology)
•
Whole system development driven by development of data model
–
–
•
And feedback from default interface guide model development
But Semantic Web has more reuse of existing ontologies
Various ways of overriding or tailing default interface
–
In OWF Wiki Forms:
•
Cascading ontology
•
Cascading Fresnel
•
CSS
•
Wiki templates at standard locations

20. http://dig.csail.mit.edu/2006/Talks/0724-fresnel/#%2814%29
Domain-independent default for browser (Longwell)
With (handmade) Fresnel style

21. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens
Fresnel: RDF interface in RDF
•
Specifies how RDF is display
•
Separates style from content: like CSS for XML
•
Also in RDF
•
Supported by multiple semantic browsers such as Longwell
http://www.w3.org/2005/04/fresnel-info/manual/

23. • Both Fresnel and Page Schemas
• declarative definitions
• standardized syntaxes
• Differences
• Page Schemas
• uses XML for Forms
• data model and style combined
• Fresnel
• uses RDF for semantic browsers
• data model separate
• cascaded default style

24. 24

25. OWL Wiki Forms (OWF) architecture

26. Pagina 26

29. 29

30. 30

31. http://www.zazzle.nl/extrapoleer_dit_t_shirts-235679025157797934
Extrapolation

32. Constraints vs Inferencing
Extrapolation
http://www.zazzle.nl/extrapoleer_dit_t_shirts-235679025157797934
• Typical system has interface constraints
– “You must enter a speaker for this talk”
• Semantic Web is “open” via inferencing
– “Every talk has one speaker, so there must be a
speaker out there somewhere”
• Ramifications for mapping Semantic Web
ontologies to SMW & Semantic Forms

33. Generated default Fresnel code
:defaultLenshttpxmlnscomfoaf01Person
rdf:type
fresnel:Lens ;
fresnel:classLensDomain foaf:Person ;
fresnel:showProperties
foaf:currentProject , foaf:familyName ,
foaf:family_name , foaf:firstName , foaf:geekcode ,
foaf:img , foaf:knows , foaf:lastName ,
foaf:myersBriggs , foaf:pastProject , foaf:plan ,
foaf:publications , foaf:schoolHomepage ,
foaf:surname , foaf:workInfoHomepage ,
foaf:workplaceHomepage .

34. Range-based autocompletion

35. Default view
{{Informbox Person
|familyName=Berners-Lee
|firstName=Tim
|img=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/
Tim_Berners-Lee-Knight-crop.jpg
|knows=Conway Berners-Lee, Mary Lee Woods
}}

36. Cascade Fresnel to hide undesired properties
:defaultLenshttpxmlnscomfoaf01Person fresnel:hideProperties
foaf:currentProject , foaf:family_name , foaf:geekcode , foaf:lastName ,
foaf:myersBriggs , foaf:pastProject , foaf:plan , foaf:publications ,
foaf:schoolHomepage , foaf:surname , foaf:workInfoHomepage ,
foaf:workplaceHomepage .

37. :imgFormat
rdf:type fresnel:Format ;
fresnel:value fresnel:image ;
fresnel:propertyFormatDomain
foaf:img .

39. A few next steps
•
Overriding default by extending external ontology on local wiki
–
–
•
Local wiki URI’s are subproperties or subclasses of source
Desired Fresnel is default from local ontology extension
Minimizing non-default style specification
–
Default for ontology through non-default style to target interface
–
Evaluate as distance from default to target
•
–
•
Standard sort?, “triple distance”?
Most widely used ontologies and interface
Non-default style layer
–
Namespace data
–
Order of properties in boxes: via Fresnel
–
CSS via Fresnel

40. Big next step:
Extend Fresnel for SMW
•
Extend Fresnel ontology syntactically/structurally
–
Keep using Fresnel for as much as it works
•
Default and tailored works on other Fresnel tools
–
–
•
Other namespace: “owfsty:”
Subclasses and subproperties
Misc. functional extensions
–
Link lenses to named stylesheets
–
Extend cascading to complete it
–
Mirroring OWF constructs for non-inferencing interface-only
•
•
owf:cardinality=1 , owf:minCardinality=1 , owf:maxCardinality=1
New ontology mirrors Semantic Forms etc. components
–
Maps lens to Forms interface
–
Structured means to perform this mapping

41. Ontology
Fresnel
URIs
rdfs:label
rdf:Property
Class
subclassOf
domain
rdfs:
range value is
cascading only
class
label
Lens
defaultLens
classLensDomain
[[Imported from::...]] SMW
Pagename MW , Label on form and box displays OWF
Gets own Property: page SMW
Gets own Category: page MW , [[Category:...]] on page MW
Gets own informbox (if domain) OWF
[[Has default form::...]] on category SF
[[Category:...]] on category page MW
(Un)assign property to informbox OWF
showProperties
hideProperties
showProperties=rds:seq Sort properties in informbox
autocomplete on category=... SF , [[Has default form::...]] on
property SF
[[Has type::Page]] SMW
Literal , some xsd:'s
other xsd:'s
xsd:date(time)
xsd:Boolean
xsd:URI
cascading only
MediaWiki and extensions
[[EquivalentURI::...]] SMW
[[Has type::String]] SMW
image
externalLink
uri
[[Has type::Number]] SMW
[[Has type::Date]] SMW
[[Has type::Boolean]] SMW , values=Yes,No | input
type=radiobutton SF
[[Has type::URL]] SMW
owl:
cardinality value
s
[[Has type::String]] SMW
DataRangewith oneOf
input type=Enumeration SF
values= SF , [[Allows value::...]] SMW
hasValue,
allValuesFrom
autocomplete on category=… SF
someValuesFrom
mandatory SF
(min)...>0
(max)...=1
No #arraymap SF, No list SF
(max)...>1
Repeated fields SF
Repeated mandatory fields SF
(min)...>1
#arraymap SF, list SF
default
Code and parameters generated by OWF from these technologies:
MW MediaWiki, SMW Semantic MediaWiki, SF Semantic Forms, OWF OWF-only
Planned or under development in OWF (the rest is implemented)