by leslilyn sombilon

2. What’s
the
matter?

3. Matter is the Stuff Around You
 Matter is everything around you.

4.  Matter is anything made of atoms
and molecules.

5.  Matter is anything that has a mass
and occupy space.

6. PHASES OF MATTER
Solid Phase
When in solid state, the molecules
of a substance are tightly bound
to each other.
As the molecules have a fixed
position in space, a solid exhibits
rigidity and possesses a distinct
shape.

7. Liquid Phase
The forces of attraction
between the molecules of a
liquid are less than that in a
solid and greater than that in
a gas.
A substance in liquid state
does not have a defined
shape; rather, its shape is
defined by that of its
container.

8. Gas Phase
Gas molecules are in a state
of random motion.
They exhibit the least
intermolecular forces of
attraction and hence gases
lack a definite shape.

9. Plasma Phase
A gas that is composed of
freely floating ions.
The free-floating ions are
atoms, which obtain a
positive charge on
account of losing some of
their electrons
The ions can also be in the form of
free electrons. Thus, the positive
and negative charges can move
independently, making
plasma molecules electrically
conductive.

10. Plasma does not have a
defined shape and takes the
form of gas-like clouds.
As the properties of plasma
are totally different from
those of solids, liquids and
gases, plasma is considered
as a separate state of
matter.

11. Bose-Einstein Condensate Phase
A substance in this state of matter
consists of bosons cooled to
temperatures nearing absolute
zero.
Most of the atoms collapse into the
lowest quantum state of external
potential. Under these conditions,
the quantum effects are seen on
a larger scale.

12. The scientists who worked with the
Bose-Einstein condensate received a
Nobel Prize for their work in 1995. But
what makes a state of matter? It's about
the physical state of molecules and atoms.

14. “Is it worth salvaging?”
Imagine yourselves being trapped in school
with an impending storm approaching.
With no chance to call for help, you will
have to rely on your group mates and your
scientific knowledge for survival. Your task
is to “hypothetically” build a raft that will let
you cross-over a safe zone and be saved
by rescuers. You are given 7 minutes
only so you have to be in a hurry!

15. Guide Questions for recognizing
the materials
1. What type of material is the object made
of?
2. How will the object be used?
3. What conditions (temperature, etc.) will
the objects be used?
4. Why is the material chosen to make the
object?
5. What are the characteristics of the
objects that are similar to other objects?

16. Describing objects by using
• size (place images here)
• shape
• color
• texture

17. A property describes how an
object looks, feels, or acts.
The objects shown here
have different kinds of
properties:

18. What are Physical Properties and
Changes?
Physical properties can be observed or
measured without changing the
composition of matter. Physical properties
are used to observe and describe matter.
Physical properties
include: appearance,
texture, color, odor,
melting point, boiling
point, density, solubility,
polarity, and many
others.

19. A physical change takes place without any changes
in molecular composition.
The same element or
compound is present before
and after the change.
The same molecule is present
through out the changes.
Physical changes are related
to physical properties since
some measurements require
that changes be made.

20. Melting Point
As solid matter is heated
it eventually melts or
changes into a liquid
state at the melting
point.
Ice (a solid form of water)
melts at 0 o
C and changes
to the liquid state.
Carbon dioxide melts
at -56.6 o
C

21. Boiling Point
As the liquid matter is heated further it
eventually boils or vaporizes into a gas at the
boiling point.
Liquid water boils and
changes into a gas, usually
called steam or water vapor
at 100 o
C. In all three states
the same molecules of
water (H2O) are present.
Carbon dioxide boils
at -78.5 o
C

22. Sublimation
Sublimation is the
change from solid
to gas without
passing through
liquid form.
CARBON Sublimation CARBON
DIOXIDE+ heat – pressure DIOXIDE
(Solid) (gas)

23. What are Chemical Properties and
Changes?
Chemical
properties of
matter describes
its "potential" to
undergo some
chemical change
or reaction by
virtue of its
composition.
For example hydrogen has
the potential to ignite and
explode given the right
conditions. This is a
chemical property.

24. Examples of chemical properties are:
heat of combustion, reactivity with water,
PH, and electromotive force.

26. INTERMOLECULAR
ATTRACTION OF MATTER
Cohesion
Adhesion
Surface Tension
Capillarity
Diffusion

27. COHESION
is the force of attraction between similar
molecules
Cohesion holds the water
molecules in a drop of
water together
Social
Cohesion

28. It is simply the force that
holds all molecules of one
type of matter or object
altogether.

29. ADHESION
is the attraction shared between several
dissimilar molecules
It is then the joining of different
forms of matter.

30. A detergent or wetting agent is a
substance that increases the adhesion
force between two different materials.
Molecules of detergent usually have a polar
and a non-polar portion.
When added, the wetting agent increases
the wetting action of water with the non-polar
material. By this action, dirt is removed when
washed with water.

31. DIFUSSION
the natural ability of matter to mix its
molecules with another
Diffusion is the
natural process of
intermingling of the
molecules of two
substances.

32. It is believed that fossils of
animals like reptiles and
leaves lie in contact with
stones and rocks for
number of years, which
leaves an impression on
the stones or rocks. This
is because of the diffusion
of the particles of the
organic matter into the
stones, which are in
contact.

33. Surface Tension
effect where a fluid assumes the shape
that has the smallest possible area.

34. As a result of
surface tension, a
drop of liquid tends
to form a sphere,
because a sphere
offers the smallest
area for a definite
volume.

35. CAPILLARITY
the effect due to the cohesive and
adhesive forces between molecules
if adhesion is less that
cohesion, the liquid in the
capillary tube goes down.
If adhesion is greater than
cohesion, the liquid in the
capillary tube goes up.

36. Capillary action is one of the factors
responsible for transport of liquid and
nutrients in plants, and sometimes in
animals.
Next time when you dip a straw into your
drink, watch the levels and explain the
phenomenon.

37. Write T if the statement is correct, and write F if the statement
is incorrect and change the underlined word/s to make it
correct.
1. Diffusion is the natural process of intermingling of
the molecules of two substances.
2. If adhesion is greater than cohesion, the liquid in the
capillary tube goes down.
3. Cohesion is the attraction shared between several
dissimilar molecules
4. Adhesion holds the water molecules in a drop of water
together.
5. Capillary is the effect where a fluid assumes the shape
that has the smallest possible area.

38. 6. A drop of liquid tends to form a sphere, because a
sphere offers the smallest area for a definite volume
due to surface tension.
7. Give an example of diffusion in gas except the fart.
8. Give an example of surface tension.
9. Cite a difference between adhesion and cohesion.

39. VISCOSITY
the ability of a fluid to resist changing its
shape
Viscosity can be associated with the
word “LAPOT” in Filipino

40. when you try to pour water from one
container to another, the water readily
takes the shape of the container

41. Assumptions of Kinetic Theory
of Matter
All matter is made up of particles called
molecules. In normal circumstances it
exists in three states.
All the molecules of a given substance
are alike in all respects.
The molecules are separated from one
another by the intermolecular space which is
more than the diameter of the molecule itself.

42. The molecules attract each other with a
force called inter-molecular force, which is
strongest in solids and weakest in gases.
Molecules are in constant motion.
The temperature of a substance is
proportional to the average kinetic energy
of all the molecules of the substance.

44. MATTER CAN BE PURE OR
MIXED!
The air you breath
The water you drink

45. A pure substance has only one type of
component.
Example:
Pure water contains only one molecule.
Pure silver contains only silver atoms.
Pure gold contains only gold atoms.
A substance is considered pure if it contains
only a single type of atom, such as gold, or a
single combination of atoms that are bonded
together, such as a water molecule.

46. ELEMENTS
One type of pure substance is an element.

47.  Elements are substances that cannot be
separated into simpler substances
 Chemists use symbols to represent elements
 A symbol is a letter or
picture used to represent
something
 Chemists use one or two
letters to represent
elements
 The symbol for oxygen is
“O”

48. Compounds
is a pure substance made from a
chemical combination of at least two
different elements
A compound is a
substance formed when
two or more elements are
chemically joined

49. Examples of Compound
 sodium chloride (NaCl)
 table sugar (C12H22O12)
 carbon monoxide (CO)
 water (H2O)
 carbon dioxide (CO2)
FYI: Microscopic view of the
molecules of the compound water
(liquid phase).
Oxygen atoms are red and hydrogen
atoms are white.

50. MIXTURES
two or more substances that are mixed
together but not chemically joined
A good example of
a mixture is a salad

51. MIXTURES ARE OF TWO KINDS

52. HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURES
HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURES
 The prefixes "homo"-
indicate sameness
 The prefixes:"hetero"-
indicate difference
 A homogeneous
mixture has the same
uniform appearance and
composition throughout.
Many homogeneous
mixtures are commonly
referred to as solutions.
 A heterogeneous
mixture consists of
visibly different
substances or phases.
The three phases or
states of matter are gas,
liquid, and solid.

53. Homogeneous Mixture are of two
Kinds
SOLUTIONS
a mixture of two or more substances in a
single phase

54. COLLOIDS
is a homogeneous solution with
intermediate particle size between a
solution and a suspension

55. Suspension
is a heterogeneous mixture of larger
particles
These particles are visible and will settle out
on standing.
Examples of suspensions are:
fine sand or silt in water or tomato juice.

56. ?

58. List and classify which changes in properties
of matter are affecting the personal views
on health and the environment.
In what ways you can improve the 3 R’s in
waste management using the knowledge
you learned about the properties and
changes in matter?