2.1 Product Life Cycle Design

carlo vezzoli politecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . faculty of design . Italy Learning Network on Sustainability course System Design for Sustainability subject 2. Introduction to product Life Cicle Design (LCD) learning resource 2.1 Product Life Cycle Design

CONTENTS Product design environmental requirements Damaging environmental effects Life cycle assessment (LCA) Life Cycle Design approach: life cycle + functional Product Life Cycle Design criteria Resources minimisation Low impact resources selection Product life optimisation Material life extension Design for disassembly

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PRODUCT DESIGN ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS - RELATED TO: (DAMAGING) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS - ASSOCIATED HOW (TO A PRODUCT): > LIFE CYCLE AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ,[object Object],input : substance extraction from the environment output : substance emission in the environment (not all impacts damage with the same entity)

INPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

OUTPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CAN WE ASSOCIATE THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS TO A PRODUCT? AND HOW? CRITERIA: - PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE - FUNCTIONAL UNIT EVALUATION METHOD: - LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT DESIGN ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

use service manufac . assemb . finish collection resource’s achieving mater. energy produc. package trasp. storage PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE APPROACH USE PRODUCTION DISPOSING PREPRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION landfill incineration composting recycling reuse comp. reuse remanufactoring other product’s life cycle biosphere geosphere

[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

e.g. LCA upholstered seat (8 years life span) PRE-PROD. PRODUCTION DISTRIBUT . USE DISPOSAL

[object Object],PRE-PROD. PRODUCTION DISTRIBUT . USE DISPOSAL

[object Object],an extended design horizon from product design to the design of the product LIFE CYCLE stages the design “reference” from product design to product’s “ FUNCTION ” design

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object], RESOURCES MINIMISATION LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

[object Object],[object Object],RESOURCES MINIMISATION quantitative impact reduction (life cycle/function) DESIGN FOR:

[object Object],[object Object],LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION qualitative impact reduction (life cycle/function) DESIGN FOR:

[object Object],DEPENDS ON: - RE-GROWING SPECIFIC SPEED - EXTRACTION FREQUENCY a resource is renewable if: a context related anthropic consumption rate < natural re-growing rate

[object Object],A RANKING FROM THE BEST TO THE WORST IS (USUALLY) “ MISLEADING ” DEPENDS ON: - MATERIAL-SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS - CHARACTERISTICS GIVEN TO PRODUCT

same function in time USE AVOIDED IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS short product/component life extended product/component life PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE PRE-PRODUCTION NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES WITH LOWER USE CONSUMPTION USE DISP. P-PROD. PROD. DISTRIB. UPDATING OF THE COMPONENTS CAUSING CONSUMPTION PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE DISPOSAL PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE

LIFE INDIPENDENT FROM LENGHT OF USE AVOIDED IMPACTS products/components not intense life product/component intense life PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS. use (function) during time PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS. PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS. PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS. B 1 B 2 B 3 A 1 A 2 A 3 C 1 C 2 C 3 A 1 A 2 A 3 B 1 B 2 B 3 C 1 C 2 C 3

PP P Dt PP P Dt PP P Dt PP P Dt Ds use (function) during of time NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES WITH LOWER USE CONSMPTION NEW PRE AND POST CONSUMPTION TECHNOLOGIES WITH LOWER IMPACT LIFE FUNCTION OF LENGHT OF USE not intense life products/components intense life products/components LIGHTER IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS Ds Ds Ds PP P Dt Ds PP P Dt Ds

material non-extended life material extended life AVOIDED IMPACTS ADDITIONAL IMPACTS PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE LANDFILL PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE RECYCLING COMBUSTION COMPOSTING PRE-PRODUCTION

POST-CONSUMPTION RECYCLING PHASES: (COMBUSTION, COMPOSTING) . collection . transportation . separation (disassembly a/o crushing) . identification . cleaning . secondary raw material’s production

[object Object],DIPENDS ON: - SPECIFIC MATERIAL’S CHARACTERISTICS performances recovery (and process costs) - PRODUCT’S ARCHITECTURE - RECYCLING PHASES

[object Object],[object Object],DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA/GUIDELINES FOR A GIVEN PRODUCT: - some have HIGHER RELEVANCE than others - can be SYNERGETIC or CONFLICTING

2.1 Product Life Cycle Design

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2.1 Product Life Cycle Design