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Slanker, Strakker, Sterker
              Olivier de Hon
  Blinde vlek in de zorg, 15 maart 2012
Dopingautoriteit
    • Nationale Anti-Doping Organisatie
    • Controles, Voorlichting, Onderzoek,
      Juridische steun aan bond en sporter
    • Kaders: WADA, UNESCO, Raad van Europa
    • In Nederland: topsport en fitnessbranche




2
3
Motieven van fitnessbeoefening
    1. Gezondheid, Lichaamsbeweging            97%
    2. Plezier, Ontspanning                    69%
    3. Strak of Slank Lichaam                  64%




                                                     Bron: Dopingautoriteit, 2009
    4. Spieropbouw, spierkracht                52%
    5. Uitlaatklep, compensatie dagelijks leven48%
    6. Afvallen                                47%
    7. Sociale contacten, gezelligheid         26%
    8. Ondersteuning prestatie andere sport 22%
    9. Om te herstellen van blessure           20%
    10. Leren van vaardigheden                 18%
4   11. Presteren, winnen                      16%
Dopinggebruik in Nederland
                            Dopinggebruik NL (tot 65 jaar)


    180000

    160000

     140000

     120000

     100000

      80000                                                          afgelopen jaar
                                                                     ooit
      60000

      40000

      20000

             0                                        ooit
                 1997                               afgelopen jaar
                         2001
                                 2005
                                           2009




5                       Bron: CEDRO (1999, 2002) / IVO (2007, 2011)
Absolute aantallen
    • Anabole steroïden     ± 20.000 per jaar
    • Prohormonen           ± 16.000
    • Tegen bijwerkingen    ± 26.000
    • GH/insuline           ± 22.000
    • Stimulantia(doping)   ± 96.000
    • Extra middelen        ± 56.000

    In Nederland: “minstens 98.000 dopinggebruikers
       per jaar; best beschikbare schatting 164.000”
6
                              Bron: Dopingautoriteit, 2010
Herkomst van middelen
    • Aankoop via “kennis” (face-to-face)
    • Internet
    • Op vakantie
    • Eigen productie
    • Arts / Apotheker




7
Productie / (her)verpakking




    Zoals het hoort         Zoals het gebeurt

8               Bron: http://mymuscleworld.com, december 2011
9
    Bron: NeCeDo, 2005
Risico op
     vervuilingen




10
Gebruikers & kwaliteit
     • Algemeen bekend dat >50% vals is
     • Risicospreiding: meerdere producten
     • Ze lezen zich in & informeren zich breed

      Gebruikers zijn praktisch ingesteld
      Gebruikers zijn niet dom!



11
Risico’s zwarte markt




12
Gezondheidsrisico’s internet
     • Handel via internet neemt toe (2005: ±30%)
     • Belangrijkste rol: informatievoorziening
     • Informatie is onvolledig en onevenwichtig

      Vraag blijft of producten via internet van
       slechtere kwaliteit zijn of niet



13
                                Bron: Dopingautoriteit, 2010
Supplementen en doping
     • 1-25% supplementen “vervuild”
     • Nederlands
       Zekerheidssysteem
       Voedingssupplementen
       Topsport (NZVT)
     • Hoogst mogelijke zekerheid op
       dopingvrij supplement


14
Mail: dopingvragen@dopingautoriteit.nl
     Web: www.dopingautoriteit.nl
          www.eigenkracht.nl
     Tel: 010 – 201 01 50
     Fax: 010 – 201 01 59
15
Verkoopnetwerken




16            Bron: Masterthesis Katinka van de Ven, 2011
Kwaliteit dopingmiddelen
     • Tenminste 50-60% is vals
     • Veelal lager gedoseerd, soms ook hoger
     • 25% bevat een andere werkzame stof
     • 7% bevat geen werkzame stof
     • Uniformiteit is slecht

      Labanalyse is meestal nodig om uitsluitsel
          te geven

17
                                      Bron: NeCeDo, 2005
Gezondheidsschade door doping
     • Schade van middelen zelf
     • Schade door wijze van gebruik
     • Schade door vervalsingen
     • Gebruikers zelf: “Valt hartstikke mee”


      Aanzienlijke gezondheidsrisico’s in NL, maar
       er is onduidelijkheid over de exacte omvang

18
                              Bron: Gezondheidsraad, 2010

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Slanker, strakker, sterker olivier de hon

  • 1. Slanker, Strakker, Sterker Olivier de Hon Blinde vlek in de zorg, 15 maart 2012
  • 2. Dopingautoriteit • Nationale Anti-Doping Organisatie • Controles, Voorlichting, Onderzoek, Juridische steun aan bond en sporter • Kaders: WADA, UNESCO, Raad van Europa • In Nederland: topsport en fitnessbranche 2
  • 3. 3
  • 4. Motieven van fitnessbeoefening 1. Gezondheid, Lichaamsbeweging 97% 2. Plezier, Ontspanning 69% 3. Strak of Slank Lichaam 64% Bron: Dopingautoriteit, 2009 4. Spieropbouw, spierkracht 52% 5. Uitlaatklep, compensatie dagelijks leven48% 6. Afvallen 47% 7. Sociale contacten, gezelligheid 26% 8. Ondersteuning prestatie andere sport 22% 9. Om te herstellen van blessure 20% 10. Leren van vaardigheden 18% 4 11. Presteren, winnen 16%
  • 5. Dopinggebruik in Nederland Dopinggebruik NL (tot 65 jaar) 180000 160000 140000 120000 100000 80000 afgelopen jaar ooit 60000 40000 20000 0 ooit 1997 afgelopen jaar 2001 2005 2009 5 Bron: CEDRO (1999, 2002) / IVO (2007, 2011)
  • 6. Absolute aantallen • Anabole steroïden ± 20.000 per jaar • Prohormonen ± 16.000 • Tegen bijwerkingen ± 26.000 • GH/insuline ± 22.000 • Stimulantia(doping) ± 96.000 • Extra middelen ± 56.000 In Nederland: “minstens 98.000 dopinggebruikers per jaar; best beschikbare schatting 164.000” 6 Bron: Dopingautoriteit, 2010
  • 7. Herkomst van middelen • Aankoop via “kennis” (face-to-face) • Internet • Op vakantie • Eigen productie • Arts / Apotheker 7
  • 8. Productie / (her)verpakking Zoals het hoort Zoals het gebeurt 8 Bron: http://mymuscleworld.com, december 2011
  • 9. 9 Bron: NeCeDo, 2005
  • 10. Risico op vervuilingen 10
  • 11. Gebruikers & kwaliteit • Algemeen bekend dat >50% vals is • Risicospreiding: meerdere producten • Ze lezen zich in & informeren zich breed  Gebruikers zijn praktisch ingesteld  Gebruikers zijn niet dom! 11
  • 13. Gezondheidsrisico’s internet • Handel via internet neemt toe (2005: ±30%) • Belangrijkste rol: informatievoorziening • Informatie is onvolledig en onevenwichtig  Vraag blijft of producten via internet van slechtere kwaliteit zijn of niet 13 Bron: Dopingautoriteit, 2010
  • 14. Supplementen en doping • 1-25% supplementen “vervuild” • Nederlands Zekerheidssysteem Voedingssupplementen Topsport (NZVT) • Hoogst mogelijke zekerheid op dopingvrij supplement 14
  • 15. Mail: dopingvragen@dopingautoriteit.nl Web: www.dopingautoriteit.nl www.eigenkracht.nl Tel: 010 – 201 01 50 Fax: 010 – 201 01 59 15
  • 16. Verkoopnetwerken 16 Bron: Masterthesis Katinka van de Ven, 2011
  • 17. Kwaliteit dopingmiddelen • Tenminste 50-60% is vals • Veelal lager gedoseerd, soms ook hoger • 25% bevat een andere werkzame stof • 7% bevat geen werkzame stof • Uniformiteit is slecht  Labanalyse is meestal nodig om uitsluitsel te geven 17 Bron: NeCeDo, 2005
  • 18. Gezondheidsschade door doping • Schade van middelen zelf • Schade door wijze van gebruik • Schade door vervalsingen • Gebruikers zelf: “Valt hartstikke mee”  Aanzienlijke gezondheidsrisico’s in NL, maar er is onduidelijkheid over de exacte omvang 18 Bron: Gezondheidsraad, 2010