1. L1: New & Digital Media
LO: To identify ‘new & digital
media’ forms and to explore
their importance in
contemporary society

2. Starter - Brainstorm
• What do you think
constitutes ‘new and
digital media’?
• Brainstorm as many
items as possible
• You have 2 minutes

3. New & Digital Media
includes....the internet
The
web
Internet
chat
Voice over Internet
Protocol (VoIP) e.g. Internet telephony

4. New & Digital Media
includes....gaming

5. New & Digital Media includes....
new media technologies
PVR’s (Personal
Video
Recorders)

6. In this topic you will be exploring the impact of new & digital
media on a specific area, both through a teacher–led case
study and an individual case study, investigating an area of
your choosing.
The teacher-led case study will be on the ‘impact of new and
digital media on news’.

7. You should make sure your case study
includes research on the impact of new
media on audiences and on institutions.
You will also explore links to any relevant
theories and current media issues/
debates.

8. HW Research Activity – Due
26/11/10
• Using the internet you must research the
following and make detailed notes. Post
all your research onto your mest 3 blog:
Who are the major players in terms of news
providers in the UK and what exactly do
they own?
(You must consider all 3 platforms and
commercial as well as non-commercial
institutions)
o

9. Plenary – Discuss & feedback
• The last 20 years have been more
significant in terms of media and its
role in society than the whole of the
previous 200 years.
• Each person should be able to contribute
to this discussion using appropriate
examples to explain points made.

10. L2: New & Digital Media
LO: To explore the impact of new
& digital media on news

11. Starter Activity
• How does today’s
consumer/audience
member receive news?
• Brainstorm as many
different ways as you can
(there are loads!)
• Consider:
How they receive it (forms
& technologies)
o What platforms they
receive it on
o Where they can receive it
o
• Extension: How does this
differ from 10 / 20 years

12. Originally news was received
through....
Word of Mouth
And then from the 17 Century to the
early 20th Century also by.....
th
Newspapers

13. 1920’s we had radio news....
joined by TV in 1930’s.....

14. And also by cinema newsreels
broadcast in special newsreel
theatres in the 1930’s

15. You should have come up with
some of the following ways in
which news has changed......

16. E-media
News
Broadcast
Print

17. Local
news
BB
C
CH5
ITV
CNN
Interactive
(red button)
Teletext
Satellite /
Cable
TV
News
Broadcast
Print
SK
Y
Rollin
g
news
CH4
Terrestrial
E-media
BBC
News
24

18. Local
news
BB
C
CH5
ITV
Teletext
Satellite /
Cable
National
Regional
Local
Broadcast
Print
SK
Y
Rollin
g
news
Interactive
(red button)
TV
News
CNN
CH4
Terrestrial
E-media
BBC
News
24
Speech/
Talk
Radio
Radio
UGC
Traffic/Weathe

19. Local
news
BB
C
CH5
ITV
CNN
Interactive
(red button)
Teletext
TV
News
Satellite /
Cable
National
Regional
Local
Broadcast
Print
SK
Y
Rollin
g
news
CH4
Terrestrial
E-media
BBC
News
24
Speech/
Talk
Radio
Radio
National
Loca
l
Newspapers
Freesheet
s
UGC
Traffic/Weathe

20. Local
news
BB
C
CH5
ITV
Internet
BBC
Website
Teletext
News
Search
Engines
Newspaper
websites/ online
Satellite /
Cable
National
Regional
Local
Broadcast
Podcast
s
Print
SK
Y
Rollin
g
news
Interactive
(red button)
TV
E-media
CNN
CH4
Terrestrial
Youtube
channel
s
BBC
News
24
Speech/
Talk
Radio
Radio
National
Loca
l
Newspapers
Freesheet
s
UGC
Traffic/Weathe

21. Paid
subscriptions
Search/
web
browser
3G
Sports, business,
weather etc
Text news
alerts
UGC
Citizen
Journalism
Smart
Phones
Internet
BBC
Website
CH5
ITV
CNN
SK
Y
Rollin
g
news
CH4
Interactive
(red button)
(video)
Terrestrial
Teletext
TV
E-media
Youtube
channel
s
Local
news
BB
C
BBC
News
24
News
Newspaper
websites/ online
National
Regional
Local
Broadcast
Podcast
s
Search
Engines
Satellite /
Cable
Print
Speech/
Talk
Radio
Radio
National
Loca
l
Newspapers
Freesheet
s
UGC
Traffic/Weathe

22. Paid
subscriptions
Search/
web
browser
3G
Sports, business,
weather etc
Text news
alerts
UGC
Citizen
Journalism
Smart
Phones
Local
news
BB
C
BBC
News
24
CH5
ITV
CH4
Interactive
(red button)
CNN
SK
Y
Rollin
g
news
(video)
Terrestrial
Teletext
Satellite /
Cable
Copy this onto your
E-media
News
paper Broadcast
TV
Youtube
channel
s
Internet
BBC
Website
Speech/
Talk
Radio
Podcast
s
Search
Engines
Newspaper
websites/ online
National
Regional
Local
Print
Radio
National
Loca
l
Newspapers
Freesheet
s
UGC
Traffic/Weathe

23. Paid
subscriptions
Search/
web
browser
3G
Sports, business,
weather etc
Text news
alerts
UGC
Citizen
Journalism
Smart
Phones
Internet
BBC
Website
CH5
ITV
CNN
SK
Y
Rollin
g
news
CH4
Interactive
(red button)
(video)
Terrestrial
Teletext
TV
E-media
Youtube
channels
Local
news
BB
C
BBC
News
24
News
Newspaper
websites/ online
National
Regional
Local
Broadcast
Podcast
s
Search
Engines
Satellite /
Cable
Print
Speech/
Talk
Radio
Radio
National
Loca
l
Newspapers
Freesheet
s
UGC
Traffic/Weathe

24. What do you think has been the impact of this
explosion in the many different ways & formats
we can now receive news?
• Consider the impact for both audiences and
institutions.
• Who has benefitted most?
• You must give explanations for your answers.
• Work in pairs and make notes (you may want
to create a table/ spider diagram etc to help
you organise your thoughts).

25. Plenary – Feedback & Discuss
Who benefits most from the impact of
new and digital media on news?
VS
.

26. L3: New & Digital Media
LO: To explore the impact of UserGenerated Content on news
stories, the news agenda, and the
role of the professionals.

27. Starter Activity
• Consider this statement in respect of TV
news:
‘Is reality becoming
more real?’

28. The Rise & Rise of UGC
• Read the article (Media Magazine, Dec 2009
pg 56-58) and then break it down into a mind
map/ flash cards/ or whatever works for you.
• Consider having sections for:
o
o
o
o
o
o
examples
theory (audience reception etc.)
benefits to institutions
benefits to audience
wider issues and debates
SHEP

29. Answer the following in your
books:
1. What is meant by the term ‘citizen journalist’?
2. What was one of the first examples of news being
generated by ‘ordinary people’?
3. List some of the formats for participation that are now
offered by news organisations.
4. What is one of the main differences between
professionally shot footage and that taken first-hand
(UGC)?
5. What is a gatekeeper?
6. How has the role of a gatekeeper changed?
7. What is one of the primary concerns held by
journalists over the rise of UGC?

30. Plenary - Feedback & Discuss
• What impact are these changes having
on:
o
News stories?
o
The News Agenda? (the choice of stories that make up
the news i.e. what is considered newsworthy)
o
The role of professionals in news?

31. L4:
LO: To explore and discuss some of the
impact of new media on news institutions
Resources: Handout - NEWSPAPERS: The effect of online
technology
Starter:
Discuss the following......
Newspapers are currently
‘managing a decline’
(Greenslade: The Guardian).
But why has this
happened?
(be specific)

32. Newspapers: In Decline (from handout)
• Newspaper institutions are in competition with one another to
ensure they have enough people consuming their products so
that they can make money from advertising to safeguard their
survival. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult for paperbased news forms to compete with the rise in e-media news
services.
• Over the last decade, the UK’s daily newspapers have lost
some 2.25 million readers. Falling circulations mean less
money through the till and newspapers’ other main source of
income, advertising, is also drying up. In the last 10 years,
advertising revenues have fallen by about 20%. In the struggle
to stay profitable, newspaper companies are cutting staff,
closing offices and, in the case of local papers, getting rid of
titles. Some within the industry predict that within the next 10
years we could even see one or two of Britain’s biggest daily

33. Look at the following ABC (Audit Bureau of Circulation) data.
Which title has suffered most?
Can you think why certain newspapers may be more at risk than
others? What other explanations could there be for the decline in sales
of certain titles?

34. Why is the Newspaper Industry in
Crisis? (from handout)
• Some of the reasons have to do with the way the
newspaper institutions reacted to changes in
technology, namely the internet. The last few years
have witnessed a revolution in how industries deal
with news and how audiences access it. As the
internet increases its dominance on the media
landscape, readers’ attention and loyalties have
become divided as papers compete with round the
clock reporting and unmediated content.
• According to Sull, who writes a blog for the Financial
Times, there are five reasons why the newspaper
industry is in a deeper crisis than it should be:

35. Reasons for decline (from handout)
•
Ignoring Signs of Change: Since the early 1980’s, institutions have been
able to access real time news through networks. This was more than a
decade before the Internet took off. Most newspaper executives ignored
these early signs of changes in news gathering techniques.
•
Dismissing unconventional competitors: Newspapers ignored a steady
stream of innovations that they might have imitated to enhance their own
business model, e.g. distributing news through multiple media (terminals,
television, Internet, and periodicals)
•
Experimenting too narrowly: Some newspapers did spot the rise of digital
technology early and experiment with alternatives. However, most of these
companies limited the scope of their experimentation to replicating their
paper offering on-line rather than encouraging audience interaction.
•
Giving up on promising experiments too quickly: Promising business
models take time to become successful in many cases and the process
entails many setbacks. Some newspapers did not give new ideas time to
build.
•
Embarking on a ‘crash course’: Many institutions felt they were not

36. Reasons for decline (from handout)
• So, there are many reasons why the newspaper industry finds
itself in a transitional period which is calling into question the
nature of the production and reception of news. At the heart of
this debate is the idea that in the future most news will be either
accessed via broadcast or e-media platforms.
• Most institutions have been slow to embrace the web but are
now using the platform to target audiences, but it is proving
harder to make profits from online publishing than from oldfashioned printed forms. With so many free news sites to
choose from, audiences are not prepared to pay money to read
newspapers online. That means that they have to rely on webbased adverts to generate income. But it is not straight-forward
as online advertisers have many more spaces to choose from
and there is less certainty in terms of who will see these
adverts, making the market more complex and competitive.

37. Traditional Paper-based Form
Has a purchase price. Is not free
Can be easily marked or destroyed
Usually target a specific audience base
Online News Site
Has predominantly free content
Can be accessed anywhere with internet access
Content remains even if portal of access is
destroyed.
Costly to produce; paper, printing etc.
Costly to distribute
Cheap to distribute
Can offer countless news stories at any one time
plus the ability to archive stories, although many
Complete of these news stories are simply replications or
this table
re-workings of main news stories and may be cut
‘ The impact online technology has had on news’
and pasted news stories from other mainstream
news sites.
(on handout)
Only print version of story available
Cannot be updated immediately and regularly
Can be interactive
Cannot allow audience immediate feedback/
citizen journalism
Can offer in-depth analysis and comment but is Varied options for expansion of topic matter. In
limited by space.
depth editorials and comment.

38. Traditional Paper-based Form
Online News Site
Has a purchase price. Is not free
Has predominantly free content
Has to be purchased from a retailer
Can be accessed anywhere with internet access
Can be easily marked or destroyed
Usually target a specific audience base
Content remains even if portal of access is
destroyed.
Can target a range of different audiences
Costly to produce; paper, printing etc.
The design and the upkeep of site still costly to run
Costly to distribute
Cheap to distribute
Can only offer a certain amount of news at any one Can offer countless news stories at any one time
time
plus the ability to archive stories, although many of
these news stories are simply replications or reworkings of main news stories and may be cut and
pasted news stories from other mainstream news
sites.
Only print version of story available
Can offer different ways of presenting news stories,
through video, blogs etc.
Cannot be updated immediately and regularly
Offers rolling and breaking news immediately
Is not interactive
Can be interactive
Cannot allow audience immediate feedback/ citizen Can offer immediate feedback for audiences and
journalism
opportunities for audiences to participate in
‘making’ news
Can offer in-depth analysis and comment but is
limited by space.
Varied options for expansion of topic matter. In
depth editorials and comment.

39. PLENARY – Consider....
Should News be Free?
• Each person should be able to give at least
one reason either in support of or against
news being free before they leave the room.

40. LO: To explore the debate
surrounding charging for online
news content.
L5: New & Digital Media
Resources:
Handout - NEWSPAPERS: The effect of online
technology
Handout - Briefing: The death of the newspaper

41. STARTER
What
gratifications
might
audiences
get from
The
Guardian
website?
Use the
table in your
handout to
identify

42. Feature
Audience Gratification
Long-running chat boards
Network of weblogs
Leaving comments on articles
Readers can access articles online, on
mobile devices through RSS feeds or on
eBook readers.
Varied selection of categories in easy
accessible genre areas
Images
Podcast
Access to paper-based content
Dating sites/ personals
Can make an audience feel powerful by
creating the idea that they are
challenging the news institution’s values

43. Who is right? (from handout)
With all of these gratifications for audiences
available via online content should news be
free?
• James Murdoch of NewsCorp has been critical of free news provision
online, in particular he states that the BBC and its
“expansion of state-sponsored journalism is a threat to the plurality
and independence of news provision,”
He also said the scope of the BBC’s activities and ambitions was
“chilling” and that news on the web provided by the BBC made it
“incredibly difficult” for private news organisations to ask people to
pay for their news.
“It is essential for the future of independent digital journalism that a
fair price can be charged for news to people who value it.”

44. Who is right? (from handout)
• Essentially, NewsCorp are driven by the need
to make money whereas the BBC, a Public
Service Broadcaster is less governed by the
economic imperative because they are funded
predominantly by the revenue generated by
the television license. News Corporation has
said it will start charging online customers for
news content across all its websites in a bid to
recoup and generate money from
subscriptions, but this does not automatically
mean that people will pay.

45. News Online –
The Democratisation of News?
• News providers are finding themselves in
a complex position in relationship to online
technology but it is the changing lifestyles
of audiences that pose the biggest
problem for papers.
“The world is changing and
newspapers have to adapt”
Rupert Murdoch, NewsCorp
KEY WORD
Democratisation – the act of making something democratic i.e. the people taking action
or choosing for others to act in their interests

46. In pairs discuss and make notes: What are the
changes in audiences lifestyles that Rupert
Murdoch refers to?

47. News Online
• The internet has made it easier than ever for
audiences to find news. At the click of a
button, they can catch up on the latest stories
in whatever form they choose – text, audio or
video. Rupert Murdoch, chairman of NewsCorp
states;
“The internet has given readers much more
power. Everybody wants choice and thanks to the
personal computer, people are taking charge of
their own lives and they read what they want to
read or what they are interested in and young
people today are living on their computers. The

48. Plenary: Based on what you have read come up
with some arguments in response to this
statement.
Should newspapers be charging for news
online?
YES
NO

49. Should newspapers be charging for news
online? Some possible arguments
YES
NO
Online newspaper audiences are
It’s pointless locking the stable door
growing while print circulations are when the horse has bolted.
falling, and news still costs money to
gather and report.
Just because something is now free
doesn’t mean consumers won’t be
willing to pay for it one day. Look at
music downloads
Newspapers should be more
innovative, and develop the sort of
niche expertise that is worth paying
for.
Newspapers play a vital role in
democracy and charging could save
them. Society will suffer if we let
them die.
Media barons have had it good for
100 years or more; they have to
accept that their monopoly on news
is now over.

50. Homework
• Read the article ‘The death of a
newspaper’ and from the discussions
in class and what you have read write a
detailed letter to Rupert Murdoch in
which you challenge his view for
charging for online news content.

51. L6: New & Digital Media
LO: To explore the concepts of
pluralism & marxism in relation to
the impact of new & digital media
on news

52. STARTER: Card match exercise – based on the following
sort the statements you have in front of you as either a
Marxist OR a Pluralist belief
Pluralists argue that we live in a classless
society and media organisations are
responsive to an audience and are
economically determined whereas Marxists
believe the mass media are a tool used by
ruling bodies to maintain hegemonic control
over the masses and a class divided society

53. Match the ideology and write in your books
Society is a system of competing groups and interests,
none of them predominant (i.e. classless).
The media seek greater audiences because of the profit
motive.
Audiences are perceived as capable of manipulating
the media and having access to ‘the plural values of
society’ enabling them to ‘conform, accommodate or
reject’.
Pluralis
m
Media producers produce media texts which maintain
social divides.
Control of the media is said to be in the hands of an
elite who allow a considerable degree of flexibility in
production choices.
The media have dumbed down their output and
construct texts simply to generate mass audiences
Mass media are seen as a way of entertaining the
workers while drip feeding them ideologies and beliefs
(effects theory)
Media organisations are seen as enjoying an important
degree of autonomy from the state
Marxis
m

54. Match the ideology and write in your books
Society is a system of competing groups and interests,
none of them predominant (i.e. classless).
Media producers produce media texts which maintain
social divides.
Media organisations are seen as enjoying an important
degree of autonomy from the state
The media seek greater audiences because of the profit
motive.
Control of the media is said to be in the hands of an
elite who allow a considerable degree of flexibility in
production choices.
The media have dumbed down their output and
construct texts simply to generate mass audiences
Audiences are perceived as capable of manipulating
the media and having access to ‘the plural values of
society’ enabling them to ‘conform, accommodate or
reject’.
Mass media are seen as a way of entertaining the
workers while drip feeding them ideologies and beliefs
(effects theory)
Pluralis
m
Marxis
m

55. Applying the theory....
‘To what extent’ exercise
• Now consider how these arguments/
ideologies can be applied to the impact of
new and digital media on news using the
following statement:
Developments in new/digital media mean
that audiences can now have access to a
greater variety of views and values. To
what extent are audiences empowered by
these developments?
Teacher note – Laminated ‘To what extent’ cards to use for this activity are in the SOW folder and
include instructions they are also on the following slides if you need extra copies

56. 1
………..
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

57. To what extent debate game….
(Other equipment needed – 5p piece or similar object per
group)
Split class into groups of 3 or 4
Using 5p piece and circles running top to bottom of page
numbered 1 – 9. Heading at top of paper is ‘To what extent’.
Starting with 5p on number 5 students are to debate the exam
question:
To what extent …………………….
For each point that offers positive evidence to support the
argument the 5p is moved 1 point up the scale and vice versa.
5p will be moved up and down accordingly providing a wide
range of arguments which can be used in an essay answer.
Students to work around the group asking each in turn to
make a point either agreeing or disagreeing with the
statement. All in group must note down each of the points and
person providing the point must include a specific textual
example to support the point made.

58. Plenary & Homework – Feedback
Key Points
• All students to make notes on key points
fed back.
• Write up the arguments for and against
the statement regarding audience
empowerment as a result of new and
digital technology in news.

59. L7 New & Digital Media
LO: To explore the concept of
globalisation and its impact upon
news institutions & audiences
today
Resources: Globalisation handout from Revision Express
book

60. Starter Activity – Discuss with a
partner
Globalisation has been
termed:
The ‘McDonaldisation’
of society / the globe.
What do you think this
means?

61. Defining the concept Globalisation
• Read the handout on Globalisation
(Revision Express) as a class and
discuss.

62. Activity
• ‘The news automatically becomes the real
world for the TV user and is not a
substitute for reality, but is itself an
immediate reality’ (Marshall McLuhan)
• In groups of 4 brainstorm ideas, examples,
theories etc that you would use to respond to
the statement above. Use the handout to help
you answer this question (consider news
values also).

63. Presentations
• Each group is to present ideas back.
• All groups will peer assess each
presentation for its range of ideas, use
of relevant examples, theories and
wider issues and debates.
• All students to make notes during
presentations.

64. Plenary
• Write up a summary list of key points from
the presentations.
• Each person to provide a key point
regarding globalisation and news before
leaving the room.

65. LO: To assess how a major news
institution has been affected by
the impact of new & digital media
technology.
L8 & 9 New & Digital Media

66. Starter
• List as many different companies and their
products that you can think of that are
owned by NewsCorp. (this includes TV,
Music, Websites, Cinema Newspapers .)
• Were you right? Check here....
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Corporation

67. Class Activity – Complete for Homework
(this will be posted onto the blog)
•
NewsCorp. is the world's third-largest media conglomerate.
•
In the UK (under two subsidiary companies, News International and BSKYB),
its news interests include The Times, The Sunday Times, The Sun & The News
of the World (and their online versions) in addition to SKY News & SKY Sports
News (a cross-platform , vertically integrated, multi-media company).
•
Using NewsCorp as an example in pairs research and respond to the following
question:
‘Why and with what success are traditional media institutions
adapting to the challenge posed by new/digital media?’
•
This must be a multimedia presentation addressing the above question and
must include relevant examples, theories, issues & debates and wider context
(SHEP) as applicable.
o
Include the following in your response:






Online subscriptions
Price promotions for newspapers
Content and its appeal
Paid subscriptions for TV content
Audience figures vs. Competition
Impact of changes on both the audience and the institution
• WORD: be presenting
KEYYou willConglomerate back next lesson
con·glom·er·ate A corporation made up of a number of different companies that operate in diversified fields.