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Evolution of Arab Art Overtime - M.Babar
Evolution of Arab Art Overtime - M.Babar
Evolution of Arab Art Overtime - M.Babar
the
                  yet still                        uniformity of
                expresses                          the patterns
                spirituality.                          and
                                 Rather than        symmetry
 Symbolic
                                  confining
meanings
                                  the mind
are absent
                                    from
   from
                                 depictions,

                "They made tilings that reflect
 geometric      mathematics that were so
designs. This                                                      open and
  does not      sophisticated that we didn't figure                unrestrict
    affront                                                         human
   religious    it out until the last 20 or 30
  traditions                                                       intellect.
                years.”
                -Harvard Professor, Peter LU on Islamic art from
                1200s
Developments of Arab
Art Throughout Time
     Textile Fragment
     5th Century, Byzantine


                        Panel
           8th Century, Egypt



    Leaf from Quran manuscript
    1137



                  Tile Assemblage
                  13th Century, Turkey
Development                             (continued)



Door
14th Century, Egypt



                  Talismanic shirt
              15th Century, India


         Painting of construction of castle
         15th Century, Persia




                      Painting of Emperor
                              17th Century
• As shown in the timeline, towards
  the 15th century, there was a shift
  in art, creeping away from the
  geometric shapes and calligraphy
  and focusing more on figurative
  art.
• European artists such as Gentile
  Bellini (1429-1507) influenced
  Turkish artists and eventually Arab
  artists.
• Although the geometric shapes          The Healing of Pietro dei
  and calligraphy are still prevalent,   Ludovici
  Western exposure led to the            -Gentile Bellini, 1501
 The Islamic ban on figurative images was due to the strong
  worship of idols at the time by non-Muslims.
 As idolatry faded, pictures of humans were not deemed
  offensive to Islamic law leading to a strong adoption of
  Western art in the East.
 Western nations also gained political control over the Arab
  world, which led to exposure of Western art in Arab
  countries.
 Orientalists artwork was the first type of Western art exposed
  to the Arabs.
 In addition to the Orientalists, the Ottoman military trained
  their soldiers in modern military schools in Istanbul. The
A New Direction
 While the influence the Western artists had on Arabs should
  not be undervalued, it was primarily those who were educated
  in the newly established art schools who made up the first
  generation of modern Arab artists.

 Those amateur artists had a strong impact in Iraq and Syria,
  where the impression of the Orientalist painters occurred after
  World War I.

 New educational policies allowed art classes to be available
  for all Arab youth. Previously only the upper class citizens
  could afford the training from European artists.
A New Direction
                          (continued)



 During the 1950s Arab artists began to be influenced
  by modern art movements through stronger
  communication with the West and the return of Arab
  artists who received education from Western art
  schools. It was then when Arab artists became more
  independent and broke away from Orientalist styles.

 Arab artists primary goal was to re-define their identity.
  To do so, they re-presented their history, Islamic and
  pre-Islamic. Their pre-Islamic heritage was concealed
  due to Islamic rule so this process actually presented
  new ideas.
Gradual Transitions
                                   Newly formed art groups
                                    represented a social movement,
                                    focusing on political, social and
                                    intellectual issues at the time.

                                      In 1938 the Egyptian group, Art &
                                      Freedom was founded and affected
                                      by World War II as well as opposition
                                      against the British and Egyptian
                                      government. This prompted a
                                      revolution amongst artists, rejecting
                                      fascist art and adopting Surrealism.

                                   Following Art & Freedom, many
                                       other art groups emerged such as
                                       the Baghdad Modern Art Group in
                                       1951 who adopted the Western
Jawad Salim, founder of Baghdad Art Group
                                       training they received with
Baghdadiat (Two Women) - 1957          several contemporary styles.
Turning the Page
 Artists and groups of the 1950s and 1960s were for the most part
  independent and focused on their own projects. As the 1970s
  approached Arab artists felt it was necessary to communicate
  more and combine their efforts. Short after, Arab governments
  intervened and demanded “authenticity”, which restricted artists
  to experiment with new styles. The political uncertainty led artists
  to move West.

 Starting in the 1990s art centers were established in order for
  Arab artists to network and increase exposure to the art world.
Step Away from
          Islamic Style
 The more recent Arab artists expressed their ideas,
  emotions, and visions originated from contemporary
  Arab cultures. Therefore the modern and
  contemporary art painted by Arab artists is not a
  perseverance or revival of Islamic art. Instead it is a
  portrayal of a new type of self expression.
 Being confined to Islamic art narrowed down Arabs
  artists’ opportunity to express their creativity.
 Arab artists were entering a period they were defining
  their identity right after a liberation. At the same time
  there was ambiguity in regards to their culture, history
  and tradition.
Development of Arab Art
        (Part 2)
                             Naziha Salim
       Abdul Qadir            One Nights
        Rassam               Dream - 1978
         1930s


      Mahmoud
         Said
      Sunset on       Dia al-Azzawi
      The Nile        Hurufiyah Garden
      at Luxor                   -1984
         1945
   Ismail
  Shammout
  Where To -
    1953
                     Laila Shalwa
                     Celcius - 1992
A New Chapter
 As Arab art shied away from Islamic aesthetics, artists
  expressed themselves on a more personal level. For
  example there was a greater focus on political and
  social subject matter as well as topics that would not
  have been deemed acceptable by Islamic standards.

 Arab women also took advantage of the chance to
  express themselves, an opportunity that was never
  given before.
Arabs In Todays Society
In more recent years, here in the West, one of the last
things you’ll hear coming out of the Middle-East is art.
During a period where the Middle-East is surrounded
by war, political corruption, and poverty, art is
beginning to shed a new light on everything. At a time
where some sort of revolution from the people is
greatly needed, some Arab artists are beginning to take
their art into a new direction.
The evolution of art has also resulted in letting Arab
women express themselves in a new way as well. This
new wave of artists are delivering messages with their
artwork that touch Muslims and Arabs across the
world, touching on issues such as freedom of speech,
social justice, and emancipation.
Marya Kazoun
"After a bomb
explodes,
destroying a
building, the area is
cleared. Then the
empty space
becomes a parking
lot.”
"Then land values
rise and another
building is
constructed on the
site. It is a non-stop
cycle of                 Glasstress Exhibition
destruction and
reconstruction.”
Walid Siti
                "The river is al-
                  Zab, a tributary
                  of the river in
                  Dijla.”
                "The red ribbons
                  hint at the
                  terrible things
                  that have
                  happened in
                  Iraq.”
Wounded Water
                -Walid Siti, Iraq
Ghada Amer
"I started doing it for myself. I
wanted to break my own barrier, not
the barriers of the West or the
Muslim world. Everybody loves to
see me as a Muslim, but they don't
see it's not about Islam, it's about
something else. I'm not trying to
shock, it's not perverse, I'm not
doing this with a political agenda. It
just happens that I'm Muslim and a
woman.”
"I liked the idea of representing
women through the medium of
thread because it is so identified
with femininity. I wanted to 'paint' a
 -Ghada Amer
woman with embroidery, too.”
Rose Issa
Vailed Liberty
-AES Art Group
                 "The events of September 11 made
                 people notice that they know
                 nothing about the Middle East or its
                 culture."
                 "There is a revival of a new
                 generation who want to express
                 themselves and have found a means
                 either through the internet or digital
                 video cameras. They are finding a
                 much more accessible way of
                 making themselves known to others.
                 Also they are more aware of the
                 funds and sponsorship available in
                 the west.”
                 -Rosa Issa, Irani-Lebanese critic and
                 curator has played a large role in
More Work By Women Arab Artists




Untitled
-Jananne Al-Ani, Iraq


                        “Pleasure Pillars”   “Speechless”
                        Shazia Sikander      -Shirin Neshat
Conclusion
           The way Arab art has evolved over time is mind blowing. As the centuries
turned, so did the direction of Arab art. Initially adopting the style of Islamic art, modern
and contemporary artists took a page out of the Western art world’s notebook. Although
the calligraphy and geometric shapes are still rather prominent in Arab countries,
modern artists chose a more contemporary approach.
           As time went on Western influence grew and many Arab artists immigrated
West allowing them to embrace their culture and nationality with their artwork, not just
religion. With no limits on their subject matter, modern Arab artists focused on several
issues such as politics, freedom, gender and more.
           This allowed Arab women to express themselves as well which started a whole
new revolution. In recent years times have been difficult for Arab countries due to
political unrest, war, and poverty. The new direction women Arab artists are took in
expressing themselves ignited a much needed revolution for women and Arabs.
Bibliography
Arab Art as an Early Indicator of Revolution
  By Aida Alami
  October 5,2011
  http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/06/world/africa/arab-art-as-an-early-indicator-of-revolution.html?_r=1&ref=design


Strong Showing for Arab Artists at Venice Biennale
By Sylvia Smith
September 6, 2011
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14580858


The New Generation of Arab Women Artists
By Malu Halasa
March 28, 2003
http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2003/mar/29/art.iraqandthearts


Geometric Patterns In Islamic Art
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/geom/hd_geom.htm



Modern Arab Art: Formation of Arab Aesthetics (book)

By Nada M. Shabout

  Published October 7, 2007

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Evolution of Arab Art Overtime - M.Babar

  • 4. the yet still uniformity of expresses the patterns spirituality. and Rather than symmetry Symbolic confining meanings the mind are absent from from depictions, "They made tilings that reflect geometric mathematics that were so designs. This open and does not sophisticated that we didn't figure unrestrict affront human religious it out until the last 20 or 30 traditions intellect. years.” -Harvard Professor, Peter LU on Islamic art from 1200s
  • 5. Developments of Arab Art Throughout Time Textile Fragment 5th Century, Byzantine Panel 8th Century, Egypt Leaf from Quran manuscript 1137 Tile Assemblage 13th Century, Turkey
  • 6. Development (continued) Door 14th Century, Egypt Talismanic shirt 15th Century, India Painting of construction of castle 15th Century, Persia Painting of Emperor 17th Century
  • 7. • As shown in the timeline, towards the 15th century, there was a shift in art, creeping away from the geometric shapes and calligraphy and focusing more on figurative art. • European artists such as Gentile Bellini (1429-1507) influenced Turkish artists and eventually Arab artists. • Although the geometric shapes The Healing of Pietro dei and calligraphy are still prevalent, Ludovici Western exposure led to the -Gentile Bellini, 1501
  • 8.  The Islamic ban on figurative images was due to the strong worship of idols at the time by non-Muslims.  As idolatry faded, pictures of humans were not deemed offensive to Islamic law leading to a strong adoption of Western art in the East.  Western nations also gained political control over the Arab world, which led to exposure of Western art in Arab countries.  Orientalists artwork was the first type of Western art exposed to the Arabs.  In addition to the Orientalists, the Ottoman military trained their soldiers in modern military schools in Istanbul. The
  • 9. A New Direction  While the influence the Western artists had on Arabs should not be undervalued, it was primarily those who were educated in the newly established art schools who made up the first generation of modern Arab artists.  Those amateur artists had a strong impact in Iraq and Syria, where the impression of the Orientalist painters occurred after World War I.  New educational policies allowed art classes to be available for all Arab youth. Previously only the upper class citizens could afford the training from European artists.
  • 10. A New Direction (continued)  During the 1950s Arab artists began to be influenced by modern art movements through stronger communication with the West and the return of Arab artists who received education from Western art schools. It was then when Arab artists became more independent and broke away from Orientalist styles.  Arab artists primary goal was to re-define their identity. To do so, they re-presented their history, Islamic and pre-Islamic. Their pre-Islamic heritage was concealed due to Islamic rule so this process actually presented new ideas.
  • 11. Gradual Transitions  Newly formed art groups represented a social movement, focusing on political, social and intellectual issues at the time.  In 1938 the Egyptian group, Art & Freedom was founded and affected by World War II as well as opposition against the British and Egyptian government. This prompted a revolution amongst artists, rejecting fascist art and adopting Surrealism.  Following Art & Freedom, many other art groups emerged such as the Baghdad Modern Art Group in 1951 who adopted the Western Jawad Salim, founder of Baghdad Art Group training they received with Baghdadiat (Two Women) - 1957 several contemporary styles.
  • 12. Turning the Page  Artists and groups of the 1950s and 1960s were for the most part independent and focused on their own projects. As the 1970s approached Arab artists felt it was necessary to communicate more and combine their efforts. Short after, Arab governments intervened and demanded “authenticity”, which restricted artists to experiment with new styles. The political uncertainty led artists to move West.  Starting in the 1990s art centers were established in order for Arab artists to network and increase exposure to the art world.
  • 13. Step Away from Islamic Style  The more recent Arab artists expressed their ideas, emotions, and visions originated from contemporary Arab cultures. Therefore the modern and contemporary art painted by Arab artists is not a perseverance or revival of Islamic art. Instead it is a portrayal of a new type of self expression.  Being confined to Islamic art narrowed down Arabs artists’ opportunity to express their creativity.  Arab artists were entering a period they were defining their identity right after a liberation. At the same time there was ambiguity in regards to their culture, history and tradition.
  • 14. Development of Arab Art (Part 2) Naziha Salim Abdul Qadir One Nights Rassam Dream - 1978 1930s Mahmoud Said Sunset on Dia al-Azzawi The Nile Hurufiyah Garden at Luxor -1984 1945 Ismail Shammout Where To - 1953 Laila Shalwa Celcius - 1992
  • 15. A New Chapter  As Arab art shied away from Islamic aesthetics, artists expressed themselves on a more personal level. For example there was a greater focus on political and social subject matter as well as topics that would not have been deemed acceptable by Islamic standards.  Arab women also took advantage of the chance to express themselves, an opportunity that was never given before.
  • 16. Arabs In Todays Society In more recent years, here in the West, one of the last things you’ll hear coming out of the Middle-East is art. During a period where the Middle-East is surrounded by war, political corruption, and poverty, art is beginning to shed a new light on everything. At a time where some sort of revolution from the people is greatly needed, some Arab artists are beginning to take their art into a new direction. The evolution of art has also resulted in letting Arab women express themselves in a new way as well. This new wave of artists are delivering messages with their artwork that touch Muslims and Arabs across the world, touching on issues such as freedom of speech, social justice, and emancipation.
  • 17. Marya Kazoun "After a bomb explodes, destroying a building, the area is cleared. Then the empty space becomes a parking lot.” "Then land values rise and another building is constructed on the site. It is a non-stop cycle of Glasstress Exhibition destruction and reconstruction.”
  • 18. Walid Siti "The river is al- Zab, a tributary of the river in Dijla.” "The red ribbons hint at the terrible things that have happened in Iraq.” Wounded Water -Walid Siti, Iraq
  • 19. Ghada Amer "I started doing it for myself. I wanted to break my own barrier, not the barriers of the West or the Muslim world. Everybody loves to see me as a Muslim, but they don't see it's not about Islam, it's about something else. I'm not trying to shock, it's not perverse, I'm not doing this with a political agenda. It just happens that I'm Muslim and a woman.” "I liked the idea of representing women through the medium of thread because it is so identified with femininity. I wanted to 'paint' a -Ghada Amer woman with embroidery, too.”
  • 20. Rose Issa Vailed Liberty -AES Art Group "The events of September 11 made people notice that they know nothing about the Middle East or its culture." "There is a revival of a new generation who want to express themselves and have found a means either through the internet or digital video cameras. They are finding a much more accessible way of making themselves known to others. Also they are more aware of the funds and sponsorship available in the west.” -Rosa Issa, Irani-Lebanese critic and curator has played a large role in
  • 21. More Work By Women Arab Artists Untitled -Jananne Al-Ani, Iraq “Pleasure Pillars” “Speechless” Shazia Sikander -Shirin Neshat
  • 22. Conclusion The way Arab art has evolved over time is mind blowing. As the centuries turned, so did the direction of Arab art. Initially adopting the style of Islamic art, modern and contemporary artists took a page out of the Western art world’s notebook. Although the calligraphy and geometric shapes are still rather prominent in Arab countries, modern artists chose a more contemporary approach. As time went on Western influence grew and many Arab artists immigrated West allowing them to embrace their culture and nationality with their artwork, not just religion. With no limits on their subject matter, modern Arab artists focused on several issues such as politics, freedom, gender and more. This allowed Arab women to express themselves as well which started a whole new revolution. In recent years times have been difficult for Arab countries due to political unrest, war, and poverty. The new direction women Arab artists are took in expressing themselves ignited a much needed revolution for women and Arabs.
  • 23. Bibliography Arab Art as an Early Indicator of Revolution By Aida Alami October 5,2011 http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/06/world/africa/arab-art-as-an-early-indicator-of-revolution.html?_r=1&ref=design Strong Showing for Arab Artists at Venice Biennale By Sylvia Smith September 6, 2011 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14580858 The New Generation of Arab Women Artists By Malu Halasa March 28, 2003 http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2003/mar/29/art.iraqandthearts Geometric Patterns In Islamic Art http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/geom/hd_geom.htm Modern Arab Art: Formation of Arab Aesthetics (book) By Nada M. Shabout Published October 7, 2007