2. Exekias, Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game, Athenian black-figure amphora, 540-530 BC. Found in Italy Krater from the Dipylon cemetery in Athens, Greece, ca. 740 BC
3. Detail, Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game, byExekias. Athenian black-figure amphora, 540-530 BC. Found in Italy
4. Exekias, Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game, Athenian black-figure amphora, 540-530 BC. Found in Italy Euthymides, Three revelers, Athenian red-figure amphora, ca. 510 BC. Found in Italy
5. Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, warrior from west pediment (late 6th cent. BC) Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, warrior from east pediment (early 5th cent. BC)
9. Bronze statue of a warrior, found under the sea near Riace, Italy, ca. 460 BCE Myron, Diskobolos (Discus Thrower), Roman marble copy of a bronze original of ca. 450 BCE
10. Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear Thrower), Roman marble copy from Pompeii, after a Greek bronze original of ca. 450 BC. The statue demonstrates Polykleitos’sCanon, a harmonic system of proportion.
18. Porch of the Caryatids, Erectheion, Acropolis, Athens, 421-405 BC
19. Porch of the Caryatids, Erectheion, Acropolis, Athens, 421-405 BC
Notas do Editor
Common to know Greek artists in this period, signatures were placed on vasesThis period marks the rise of Greek poetry and writings
Understanding of the Greek human form and the human bodyDepictions of warExekias, Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game, Athenian black-figure amphora, 540-530 BC. Found in Italy – slide 3
Types of Figures: Black Figure and Red FigureDevelopment difference: black developed earlier, made my applying a back silhouette color to a red vaseDetails carved through the black silhouette, creates a stylized form, easy to produce geometric patternsDoesn’t allow for great flexibilityScenes of mythology from the Trojan wars, also of frivolity, these were luxurious itemsExekias, Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game, Athenian black-figure amphora, 540-530 BC. Found in ItalyEuthymides, Three revelers, Athenian red-figure amphora, ca. 510 BC. Found in Italy – slide 4
Statues symbolizing perfect bodily and heavenly depictionsFreestanding sculptures placed in public placesKouros, Anavysos near Athens, ca. 530 BCKritios Boy, Athens, ca. 480 BC.Figure demonstrates contrapposto – slide 6Differences in musculature, and the way the figure standsSlide 6 – as opposed to rigid stance set up at tomb sites, produced a more lifelike imagePlacing the weight of the body on one legContinual development of understanding of human boyd and it’s depiction
Sculpture found on a ship that sunk – slide 7Shows that Greek sculpture was so popular that it was being shipped to other destinationsSculptures made of bronze – great valueAt some point later melted down to regain the metal to create armor for warBronze statue of a warrior, found under the sea near Riace, Italy, ca. 460 BCBronze sculpture was the preferred methodTorso and sculpture slightly turned. Shows movementBronze is ideal for this movement
Slide 8 – plaster mold, wax creation for sculpturesPlaster mold can be easily reproduced
Slide 9 – Romans preferred marble for creation of their statuesPopular image of the discus thrower – would have been set up in arenas and stadiumsMyron, Diskobolos (Discus Thrower), Roman marble copy of a bronze original of ca. 450 BCEWanted to create a more perfect form that what the human body appeared as in reality
This process led to a canonization of the forms of the human boydPolykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear Thrower), Roman marble copy from Pompeii, after a Greek bronze original of ca. 450 BC. The statue demonstrates Polykleitos’sCanon, a harmonic system of proportion. – slide 10System of harmony – divine perfection
Pediment sculpture within architecture – Acropolis, AthensWord Acropolis means upper or high cityA natural hill, in the center of AthensOntop of the hill – the city was built – slide 11
Temple of Athena, patroness of Athens was built – slide 13Similar ideas of perfection in architectureForms become harmonicIktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon (Temple of Athena Parthenos), Acropolis, Athens, 447-438 BCEGreeks combined concepts of visuality, geometry, etc.
Slide 14 – pediment sculptureInterest in larger forms of the human body
Slide 15 - Phidias, sculpture from Parthenon pedimentLargely female forms – tells the story of Athena’s lifePhidias – designed the layout of the acropolis
Slide 17: Erectheion, Acropolis, Athens, 421-405 BCIonic order of columns – smallerErectheius was a previous KingSlide 18: Porch of the Caryatids, Erectheion, Acropolis, Athens, 421-405 BCA group of women processing towards the ParthenonClassical style of sculptureThe women are the columns of the temple
Slide 19 – detail of the CaryatidsThey are rigid formsNew discovery of naturalism in art – innovation that Greeks produced in this period