SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 26
Baixar para ler offline
“Adoption Impacts and Access to Innovation in
Small Resource Poor Countries: Results from a
Second Round Survey and Institutional
Assessment in Honduras”
José Falck Zepeda1, Denisse McLean2, Patricia Zambrano1, Arie
Sanders2, Maria Mercedes Roca2, Cecilia Chi-Ham3 Allan
Bennett3
1 IFPRI
2 Zamorano University
3 UC Davis PIPRA
Presentation made at Biosciences for Africa project meeting, Cambridge, UK April 2014.
© 2014 UC-Davis and IFPRI
The Honduras maize sector
 Agriculture important to the
economy
 Binding limitations to ag production
 Maize is essential part of the diet
 Increasingly dependent on imports
Maize in Honduras is grown mostly for food/feed
Binding constraints to maize production in
Honduras
 Low productivity
 Damage by lepidopteran insects can be as high as 40-70%
 Increasing issues with other pests and diseases
 Heavy damage due to aflatoxins / mycotoxins
GMOs in Honduras
8th Latin American country adopting GMOs since 20021
Only country in CentralAmerica
cultivating GMOs for food
-USA*
-Brazil*
-Argentina*
-South Africa*
-Canada*
-Uruguay x1.5
-Philippines x3
-Spain x5
-Chile x7
-Honduras
-Portugal x.8
-Czech Republic x .7
-Poland x3
-Egypt x9
-Slovakia x0.4
-Romania x2
• By 2013, 75 thousand ha with hybrids and GM  15% area planted
• GM estimated around 30-40 thousand hectares
BT (MON810), RR (NK603), Herculex 1 ,YGVTPro
(MON89034) traits approved for commercialization
Honduras: promotional environment favoring
biotechnology adoption
Favorable policy,economic and social conditions facilitated adoption
UN Statistics Division, 2011. WTO Statistics, Trade
Profiles, 2012
Strategic interest in aligning agricultural policies with the major
economic and trade partners
• Honduras trade is essentially tied to the United States
• Historically strong presence of agricultural multinationals interested in increased
agricultural productivity
 Established Biosafety Framework and Regulations
 Incorporated biotechnology in National Food Self Sufficiency Strategy
 Coordinated a joint agricultural and environmental political agenda
‘To facilitate the process to incorporate hybrids and transgenic
seeds in 25% of the area planted at the national level by 2014’
Honduras Agricultural and Livestock Ministry goal
Public Agricultural and Food Sector Strategy
1996/98: Biosecurity Regulation with Emphasis inTransgenic Plants
1998: National Committee of Biotechnology and Biosecurity (NCBB)
2006: CAFTA-DR Phytozoosanitary Law modification
2008: Cartagena Protocol Ratification
2001/12: Law for the Protection of NewVarieties of Plants USAID GAIN Report 2012.
Honduran government specific policy support for
easing a transition towards biotechnologies
Honduras: A case study to understand
biotechnology adoption in small
resource poor developing countries
Enabling biosafety regulatory approach
 Biosafety issues are handled by the Ministries ofAgriculture
and Environment
 A good dose of pragmatism
 What is the risk of adopting Gm crops vs. the risk of NOT
adopting
 A biosafety committee composed of technical people with
sound academic credentials
 A clear understanding of the process and components of Risk
Analysis as a discipline
 Focus on risk assessment only, whereas other considerations
may be part of the final decision making process
 GM maize provided excellent
target pest control
Bt yield advantage 856-1781 Kg ha-1
yield
Bt maize yields preferred even by
risk averse producers
 100% higher seed cost than
conventional hybrid
 Institutional issues important
Photos credit: © Sanders and Trabanino 2008
Falck-Zepeda, J., A. Sanders, C. Rogelio Trabanino, & R. Batallas-Huacon.
Caught Between Scylla and Charybdis: Impact Estimation Issues from the Early
Adoption of GM Maize in Honduras. AgBioForum, 15(2), 138-151. Available on
the World Wide Web: http://www.agbioforum.org.
2008 GM maize crop cycle in Honduras:
Results from our first survey
The 2013 (second) survey to observe experiences of
conventional & GM maize farmers
Economic,social and agronomic impacts
Farmers by maize type
Size
Total
< 7 hectares > 7 hectares
Conventional only 58 25 83
GM only 39 57 96
Both types of maize 11 19 30
Total 108 101 209
o We chose a representative sample of maize farmers from the
main maize producing state in Honduras
Major maize producing areas in Honduras
Olancho: The main maize producing state in
Honduras
- 180,000 metric tons
- 35,000 planted hectares >30 % national maize production
- 12,000 hectares with GM  >40% GM maize production
- 10,000 farmers
- A range of different maize production systems
We captured diversity within the commercial maize
production chain
Descriptive statistics
Non-Adopters
(n=82)
PartialAdopters
(n=30)
Complete Adopters
(n=92) P
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Landholding size
(ha)
25 47 90 152 42 59 <0.01
Maize area (ha) 6 7 4 4 24 43 <0.01
Other crops as
share of total
income (%)
20 19 21 19 11 16 <0.05
Non-Adopters
(n=82)
PartialAdopters
(n=30)
CompleteAdopters
(n=92) P
Household income
(US$) Count % of n Count % of n Count % of n
<500 43 52 8 27 8 9
<0.01
500-1000 26 32 8 27 9 10
1000-1500 7 9 2 7 8 9
1500-2000 1 1 3 10 10 11
2000-2500 3 4 7 23 45 49
2500-5000 2 2 2 7 6 7
>5000 0 0 0 0 6 7
Costs and Net Benefits
Non-Adopters
(n=82)
Complete Adopters
(n=92)
Mean SD Mean SD P
Total costs
(US$/ha) 727.1 226.2 1356.8 661.5 <0.01
Yield (MT/ha) 3.0 1.3 5.5 1.4 <0.01
Price (US$/MT) 280.0 44.8 377.1 72.9 <0.01
Income (US$/ha) 830.8 402.3 2081.9 687.8 <0.01
Net utility
(US$/ha) 104.6 413.6 727.2 874.0 <0.01
Partial Adopters
Non-GM Plot
(n=30)
Partial Adopters
GM Plot
(n=30)
Mean SD Mean SD P
Total costs
(US$/ha) 979.6 312.7 1123.2 460.1
Yield (MT/ha) 3.7 1.6 5.3 1.6 <0.01
Price (US$/MT) 328.9 76.3 328.9 76.3
Income (US$/ha) 1244.0 658.6 1773.8 754.4 <0.01
Net utility
(US$/ha) 265.7 511.8 652.4 664.4 <0.05
But... our data analysis shows that outliers and
sampling biases are present and relevant to
outcomes
1
3
5
11
2021 40
42
56 60
68
76
77
78
84
8586
8889
90
91
92
939496
99
100101 103104 106
107 109
110
111112114 115
116
117
120
121 122125
127
129
130
131
132
133
135 136137140141
144
145
152
153154
155
157158159
161 164
166
168
170
171
173
174
175
176182
183
184185
186191
198
199
200
203
204
206 208
212
213
214
215
216
230
232
233
-20
0
2040
Robuststandardizedresiduals
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Robust_distance
Observation ID Yield Cook’s D
42 6.500 0.053
84 5.200 0.385
99 7.475 0.033
116 4.543 0.039
120 9.100 0.020
121 2.507 0.022
129 2.839 0.021
131 6.500 0.688
132 3.250 0.054
143 1.817 0.028
152 5.200 1.230
155 7.800 0.036
169 1.083 0.020
170 6.045 2.381
173 0.975 0.030
174 8.060 0.032
182 0.195 0.060
200 5.200 0.033
212 7.800 0.032
217 1.300 0.020
222 9.100 0.022
230 6.500 0.026
“The classical instrumental variables (IV) estimator is extremely sensitive to the
presence of outliers in the sample. This is a concern as outliers can strongly dis-
tort the estimated effect of a given regressor on the dependent variable. Although
outlier diagnostics exist, they frequently fail to detect atypical observations since
they are themselves based on non-robust (to outliers) estimators. Furthermore,
they do not take into account the combined influence of outliers in the first and
second stages of the IV estimator” Desbordes and Verardi, Stata Journal 2012
Maize yields and net income: raw and
sampling bias/outlier adjusted averages
Yield
(mt/ha)
Raw averages Averages adjusted
for sampling bias
and/or outliers
GM plots 5.3 4.78 - 5.02
Conventional plots 3.7 3.7
Difference 1.6 1.08 - 1.32
Estimate of the impact of sampling
bias and/or outliers (%) 17 - 32%
Income
(US$/ha)
Raw averages Averages adjusted
for sampling bias
and/or outliers
GM plots 1774 1584 - 1754
Conventional plots 1244 1244
Difference 530 340 - 510
Estimate of the impact of sampling
bias and/or outliers (%) 4 - 36%
Small-holders and GM Maize qualitative research
Research questions
 Does the operation of maize production differs among small-scale
adopters and non-adopters?
 Are these differences gender specific or gender neutral?
 What are the perceived main limitations that small-holders face in the
adoption of GM maize?
Qualitative Research –Tools used
 One-page identification survey, by
participant
 Map of maize production activities by
specific producer (GM and non-GM
adopter, by gender)
 Variety/hybrid preference matrix:
perceptions of main limitations, by group
 Priority action matrix, perceptions of
main technology barriers, by group
 One-to-one interviews
Women
Plant conventional maize
Plant GM maize
Men
Women Men
31 33
 Only group that use recycle seed
 Solely decides which seed to plant
 Supervise most work
 Does much of the work by
themselves
 Poor knowledge about GM seed
characteristics
 Only group that believe GM yields
less profits
 Need to hire labor
 Hire machinery
 Male HH members supervision
 Decides jointly with male HH
member which seed to plant
 Rely on male HH members for
labor demands
 Believe GM yields 2/3 more times
 Supervise and makes
all maize operations
decisions
 No family consultation
regarding which seed
to plant
 Perform no weeding activities
 Believe GM is less time demanding
and requires less hired labor
 Only group that
believes GM requires
equal or more hired
labor
 Believe GM is more
time demanding
 Best knowledge and
information about GM
market and agronomic
characteristics
Small group discussions: Findings
Net Mapping and Social NetworkAnalysis
Who could influence the adoption of GM maize in Honduras?
Net Mapping and Social Network Analysis –
Indicators of closeness and centrality
Communication and Outreach
Video Documentary on the Impact on
theAdoption of GM Crops in
Honduras
Honduran production crew gathered
on-farm footage
Communication firm in Costa Rica
developed the scripts for 3 short video
clips
Farmers share their experience with
the adoption of conventional and GM
maize varieties
Perspectives of government and
academic representatives
Summary
 Positive economic benefits of using GM
maize technology in Honduras for
current adopters
 Results across our study area show that
GM maize reduce damage, in some cases
yield 29-35% higher compared to the
conventional hybrid
 Production costs per hectare of GM
maize are higher than HYV varieties
 GM => Higher seed price but with lower
pesticide use
 GM maize significantly increased
farmer’s net benefits per hectare
 Need to address multiple institutional
and policy issues
Policy issues for future research
Why is the aggregate adoption rate is low and growing relatively slowly when the return
to the GM technology is so high in Honduras?
 Typical low adoption constraints
 Lack of adequate information and knowledge about modern maize varieties
 Farm size and liquidity constraints (neighborhood effect in more favored areas)
 Access to productive inputs
 Serious problems of other kind of pests and diseases
 Black tar spot disease makes current GM technology less attractive for the farmers.
 Small market outlet for GM maize
 Maize processors linked to government programs (WFP) do not accept GM maize
 Impact of price fluctuations (?)
 Policies to support the “smallest of the smallholders”
 Dealing with market uncertainty
 Seed companies’ ability to deal with infrastructural issues and producer geographical
dispersion
 Market value chain capacity
 Scale issue
Two upcoming sources of information
 Next Harvest II
 Templeton funded projects
implemented by IFPRI
 A comprehensive survey
measuring agricultural
biotechnology capacity
 South Africa
 Nigeria
 Kenya
 Uganda
 A report to theAfrican
Development Bank on
agricultural biotechnology
capacity submitted by IFPRI – to
be launched later this year
Arie Sanders
Maria Mercedes Roca
Miljian Villalta
Alan B. Bennett
Cecilia Chi-Ham
Denisse McLean
José Falck-Zepeda
Patricia Zambrano
Sandra Mendoza. Participatory
research consultant
Research funded by:
José Benjamin Falck-Zepeda, Ph.D.
Senior Research Fellow / Leader PolicyTeam Program
for Biosafety Systems
IFPRI
2033 K Street NW
Washington, DC 20006-1002
USA
j.falck-zepeda@cgiar.org
Brief bio/pubs: http://www.ifpri.org/staffprofile/jose-falck-zepeda
Blog: http://socioeconomicbiosafety.wordpress.com/
Follow me onTwitter: @josefalck

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

8.wondimagegn mesfin 78 89
8.wondimagegn mesfin 78 898.wondimagegn mesfin 78 89
8.wondimagegn mesfin 78 89Alexander Decker
 
19. impact of_hydroponics_technology_in_pakistan_fwujss-with-cover-page-v2
19. impact of_hydroponics_technology_in_pakistan_fwujss-with-cover-page-v219. impact of_hydroponics_technology_in_pakistan_fwujss-with-cover-page-v2
19. impact of_hydroponics_technology_in_pakistan_fwujss-with-cover-page-v2NitishSingh376332
 
Post-harvest losses in Ethiopia: measures and associates
Post-harvest losses in Ethiopia: measures and associates Post-harvest losses in Ethiopia: measures and associates
Post-harvest losses in Ethiopia: measures and associates essp2
 
Pro-poor issues for livestock and some lessons for Vietnam from ILRI’s research
Pro-poor issues for livestock and some lessons for Vietnam from ILRI’s researchPro-poor issues for livestock and some lessons for Vietnam from ILRI’s research
Pro-poor issues for livestock and some lessons for Vietnam from ILRI’s researchILRI
 
Export potential of vegetable crops in india
Export potential of vegetable crops in india Export potential of vegetable crops in india
Export potential of vegetable crops in india Navneet Kharangra
 
The contribution of Africa RISING research to development outcomes
The contribution of Africa RISING research to development outcomesThe contribution of Africa RISING research to development outcomes
The contribution of Africa RISING research to development outcomesafrica-rising
 
EGS Study Synthesis Report-1
EGS Study Synthesis Report-1EGS Study Synthesis Report-1
EGS Study Synthesis Report-1ECoSIB Incubator
 
The Results of the Cambodia Agriculture in Transition: Opportunities and Risk...
The Results of the Cambodia Agriculture in Transition: Opportunities and Risk...The Results of the Cambodia Agriculture in Transition: Opportunities and Risk...
The Results of the Cambodia Agriculture in Transition: Opportunities and Risk...Agrifood Consulting International
 
amrapali#complaints(Domestic market research)
amrapali#complaints(Domestic market research)amrapali#complaints(Domestic market research)
amrapali#complaints(Domestic market research)amrapali-complaint
 
How plant breeding can be deployed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on foo...
How plant breeding can be deployed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on foo...How plant breeding can be deployed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on foo...
How plant breeding can be deployed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on foo...Francois Stepman
 
Organic Farming as a Tool for Productivity and Poverty Reduction in Asia
Organic Farming as a Tool for Productivity and Poverty Reduction in AsiaOrganic Farming as a Tool for Productivity and Poverty Reduction in Asia
Organic Farming as a Tool for Productivity and Poverty Reduction in Asiax3G9
 

Mais procurados (20)

The seed sector in Myanmar- Tin Maung Shwe and Tin Htut Oo
 The seed sector in Myanmar- Tin Maung Shwe and Tin Htut Oo The seed sector in Myanmar- Tin Maung Shwe and Tin Htut Oo
The seed sector in Myanmar- Tin Maung Shwe and Tin Htut Oo
 
8.wondimagegn mesfin 78 89
8.wondimagegn mesfin 78 898.wondimagegn mesfin 78 89
8.wondimagegn mesfin 78 89
 
19. impact of_hydroponics_technology_in_pakistan_fwujss-with-cover-page-v2
19. impact of_hydroponics_technology_in_pakistan_fwujss-with-cover-page-v219. impact of_hydroponics_technology_in_pakistan_fwujss-with-cover-page-v2
19. impact of_hydroponics_technology_in_pakistan_fwujss-with-cover-page-v2
 
Post-harvest losses in Ethiopia: measures and associates
Post-harvest losses in Ethiopia: measures and associates Post-harvest losses in Ethiopia: measures and associates
Post-harvest losses in Ethiopia: measures and associates
 
Input Policy in Vietnam- Nguyen Man Hai
Input Policy in Vietnam- Nguyen Man Hai Input Policy in Vietnam- Nguyen Man Hai
Input Policy in Vietnam- Nguyen Man Hai
 
The seed sector in the Philippines - Mercy Sombilla
The seed sector in the Philippines - Mercy SombillaThe seed sector in the Philippines - Mercy Sombilla
The seed sector in the Philippines - Mercy Sombilla
 
Pro-poor issues for livestock and some lessons for Vietnam from ILRI’s research
Pro-poor issues for livestock and some lessons for Vietnam from ILRI’s researchPro-poor issues for livestock and some lessons for Vietnam from ILRI’s research
Pro-poor issues for livestock and some lessons for Vietnam from ILRI’s research
 
Export potential of vegetable crops in india
Export potential of vegetable crops in india Export potential of vegetable crops in india
Export potential of vegetable crops in india
 
The seed sector in Cambodia- Men Sarom
The seed sector in Cambodia- Men SaromThe seed sector in Cambodia- Men Sarom
The seed sector in Cambodia- Men Sarom
 
The seed sector in Indonesia- Erizal Jamal
  The seed sector in Indonesia- Erizal Jamal  The seed sector in Indonesia- Erizal Jamal
The seed sector in Indonesia- Erizal Jamal
 
The contribution of Africa RISING research to development outcomes
The contribution of Africa RISING research to development outcomesThe contribution of Africa RISING research to development outcomes
The contribution of Africa RISING research to development outcomes
 
The challenge of agricultural extension in implementing a new production and ...
The challenge of agricultural extension in implementing a new production and ...The challenge of agricultural extension in implementing a new production and ...
The challenge of agricultural extension in implementing a new production and ...
 
EGS Study Synthesis Report-1
EGS Study Synthesis Report-1EGS Study Synthesis Report-1
EGS Study Synthesis Report-1
 
Compliance of Producers and Adoption of Consumers in the Case of Food Safety ...
Compliance of Producers and Adoption of Consumers in the Case of Food Safety ...Compliance of Producers and Adoption of Consumers in the Case of Food Safety ...
Compliance of Producers and Adoption of Consumers in the Case of Food Safety ...
 
Path to Ever Green Revolution
Path to Ever Green RevolutionPath to Ever Green Revolution
Path to Ever Green Revolution
 
IFPRI- Myanmar Pulses Production, Trade and Technology - Issues and Prospect...
IFPRI- Myanmar Pulses Production, Trade and Technology - Issues and  Prospect...IFPRI- Myanmar Pulses Production, Trade and Technology - Issues and  Prospect...
IFPRI- Myanmar Pulses Production, Trade and Technology - Issues and Prospect...
 
The Results of the Cambodia Agriculture in Transition: Opportunities and Risk...
The Results of the Cambodia Agriculture in Transition: Opportunities and Risk...The Results of the Cambodia Agriculture in Transition: Opportunities and Risk...
The Results of the Cambodia Agriculture in Transition: Opportunities and Risk...
 
amrapali#complaints(Domestic market research)
amrapali#complaints(Domestic market research)amrapali#complaints(Domestic market research)
amrapali#complaints(Domestic market research)
 
How plant breeding can be deployed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on foo...
How plant breeding can be deployed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on foo...How plant breeding can be deployed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on foo...
How plant breeding can be deployed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on foo...
 
Organic Farming as a Tool for Productivity and Poverty Reduction in Asia
Organic Farming as a Tool for Productivity and Poverty Reduction in AsiaOrganic Farming as a Tool for Productivity and Poverty Reduction in Asia
Organic Farming as a Tool for Productivity and Poverty Reduction in Asia
 

Semelhante a Falck Zpeda et al Presentation of Honduras Bt_RR maize case study at Templeton Foundation project reporting Cambridge april 2014

Falck Zepeda et al ICABR presentation on the insect resistant and herbicide t...
Falck Zepeda et al ICABR presentation on the insect resistant and herbicide t...Falck Zepeda et al ICABR presentation on the insect resistant and herbicide t...
Falck Zepeda et al ICABR presentation on the insect resistant and herbicide t...Jose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final 2
Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final 2Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final 2
Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final 2Jose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final updated
Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final updatedFalck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final updated
Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final updatedJose Falck Zepeda
 
THEME – 5 FINDINGS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF TECHNOLOGIES F...
THEME – 5  FINDINGS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF TECHNOLOGIES F...THEME – 5  FINDINGS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF TECHNOLOGIES F...
THEME – 5 FINDINGS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF TECHNOLOGIES F...ICARDA
 
Falck zepeda 2020 iowa state university webinar final 10 27 2020
Falck zepeda 2020 iowa state university webinar final 10 27 2020Falck zepeda 2020 iowa state university webinar final 10 27 2020
Falck zepeda 2020 iowa state university webinar final 10 27 2020Jose Falck Zepeda
 
Presentation 2 falck zepeda socioeconomic assessments results from case studies
Presentation 2 falck zepeda socioeconomic assessments results from case studiesPresentation 2 falck zepeda socioeconomic assessments results from case studies
Presentation 2 falck zepeda socioeconomic assessments results from case studiesJose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck zepeda 2020 michigan state university webinar finalA
Falck zepeda 2020 michigan state university webinar finalA Falck zepeda 2020 michigan state university webinar finalA
Falck zepeda 2020 michigan state university webinar finalA Jose Falck Zepeda
 
Genetic diversification and intensification: Experiences from Kongwa and Kite...
Genetic diversification and intensification: Experiences from Kongwa and Kite...Genetic diversification and intensification: Experiences from Kongwa and Kite...
Genetic diversification and intensification: Experiences from Kongwa and Kite...africa-rising
 
Assessment of the dairy cattle feeding systems in East Africa
Assessment of the dairy cattle feeding systems in East AfricaAssessment of the dairy cattle feeding systems in East Africa
Assessment of the dairy cattle feeding systems in East AfricaILRI
 
Pesticide risk management through farmer field schools in the Senegal and Nig...
Pesticide risk management through farmer field schools in the Senegal and Nig...Pesticide risk management through farmer field schools in the Senegal and Nig...
Pesticide risk management through farmer field schools in the Senegal and Nig...FAO
 
Precision Agriculture for smallholder farmers: Are we dreaming?
Precision Agriculture for smallholder farmers:  Are we dreaming?Precision Agriculture for smallholder farmers:  Are we dreaming?
Precision Agriculture for smallholder farmers: Are we dreaming?CIMMYT
 
Young people as esential asset for agricultural sovereignty practical agri...
Young people as esential asset for agricultural sovereignty    practical agri...Young people as esential asset for agricultural sovereignty    practical agri...
Young people as esential asset for agricultural sovereignty practical agri...AldonSinaga
 
coexistencePB170.ppt
coexistencePB170.pptcoexistencePB170.ppt
coexistencePB170.pptAnirSing
 
Africa RISING Baseline Survey Data Summary—Ghana and Mali
Africa RISING Baseline Survey Data Summary—Ghana and MaliAfrica RISING Baseline Survey Data Summary—Ghana and Mali
Africa RISING Baseline Survey Data Summary—Ghana and Maliafrica-rising
 
De groote 2014 but what do rural consumers say about gm food v4_rutgers for s...
De groote 2014 but what do rural consumers say about gm food v4_rutgers for s...De groote 2014 but what do rural consumers say about gm food v4_rutgers for s...
De groote 2014 but what do rural consumers say about gm food v4_rutgers for s...Hugo De Groote
 

Semelhante a Falck Zpeda et al Presentation of Honduras Bt_RR maize case study at Templeton Foundation project reporting Cambridge april 2014 (20)

Falck Zepeda et al ICABR presentation on the insect resistant and herbicide t...
Falck Zepeda et al ICABR presentation on the insect resistant and herbicide t...Falck Zepeda et al ICABR presentation on the insect resistant and herbicide t...
Falck Zepeda et al ICABR presentation on the insect resistant and herbicide t...
 
Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final 2
Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final 2Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final 2
Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final 2
 
Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final updated
Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final updatedFalck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final updated
Falck zepeda et al ravello icabr june 2013 final updated
 
THEME – 5 FINDINGS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF TECHNOLOGIES F...
THEME – 5  FINDINGS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF TECHNOLOGIES F...THEME – 5  FINDINGS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF TECHNOLOGIES F...
THEME – 5 FINDINGS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF TECHNOLOGIES F...
 
Falck zepeda 2020 iowa state university webinar final 10 27 2020
Falck zepeda 2020 iowa state university webinar final 10 27 2020Falck zepeda 2020 iowa state university webinar final 10 27 2020
Falck zepeda 2020 iowa state university webinar final 10 27 2020
 
Presentation 2 falck zepeda socioeconomic assessments results from case studies
Presentation 2 falck zepeda socioeconomic assessments results from case studiesPresentation 2 falck zepeda socioeconomic assessments results from case studies
Presentation 2 falck zepeda socioeconomic assessments results from case studies
 
Falck zepeda 2020 michigan state university webinar finalA
Falck zepeda 2020 michigan state university webinar finalA Falck zepeda 2020 michigan state university webinar finalA
Falck zepeda 2020 michigan state university webinar finalA
 
Genetic diversification and intensification: Experiences from Kongwa and Kite...
Genetic diversification and intensification: Experiences from Kongwa and Kite...Genetic diversification and intensification: Experiences from Kongwa and Kite...
Genetic diversification and intensification: Experiences from Kongwa and Kite...
 
Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture
Implementing Climate-Smart AgricultureImplementing Climate-Smart Agriculture
Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture
 
WUR research of food systems
WUR research of food systemsWUR research of food systems
WUR research of food systems
 
Assessment of the dairy cattle feeding systems in East Africa
Assessment of the dairy cattle feeding systems in East AfricaAssessment of the dairy cattle feeding systems in East Africa
Assessment of the dairy cattle feeding systems in East Africa
 
Current Status of Food Loss and Waste
Current Status of Food Loss and WasteCurrent Status of Food Loss and Waste
Current Status of Food Loss and Waste
 
Pesticide risk management through farmer field schools in the Senegal and Nig...
Pesticide risk management through farmer field schools in the Senegal and Nig...Pesticide risk management through farmer field schools in the Senegal and Nig...
Pesticide risk management through farmer field schools in the Senegal and Nig...
 
Precision Agriculture for smallholder farmers: Are we dreaming?
Precision Agriculture for smallholder farmers:  Are we dreaming?Precision Agriculture for smallholder farmers:  Are we dreaming?
Precision Agriculture for smallholder farmers: Are we dreaming?
 
A Fresh Look Forward for Tropical Vegetables
A Fresh Look Forward for Tropical Vegetables A Fresh Look Forward for Tropical Vegetables
A Fresh Look Forward for Tropical Vegetables
 
Young people as esential asset for agricultural sovereignty practical agri...
Young people as esential asset for agricultural sovereignty    practical agri...Young people as esential asset for agricultural sovereignty    practical agri...
Young people as esential asset for agricultural sovereignty practical agri...
 
coexistencePB170.ppt
coexistencePB170.pptcoexistencePB170.ppt
coexistencePB170.ppt
 
Africa RISING Baseline Survey Data Summary—Ghana and Mali
Africa RISING Baseline Survey Data Summary—Ghana and MaliAfrica RISING Baseline Survey Data Summary—Ghana and Mali
Africa RISING Baseline Survey Data Summary—Ghana and Mali
 
Monitoring CSA outcomes
Monitoring CSA outcomesMonitoring CSA outcomes
Monitoring CSA outcomes
 
De groote 2014 but what do rural consumers say about gm food v4_rutgers for s...
De groote 2014 but what do rural consumers say about gm food v4_rutgers for s...De groote 2014 but what do rural consumers say about gm food v4_rutgers for s...
De groote 2014 but what do rural consumers say about gm food v4_rutgers for s...
 

Mais de Jose Falck Zepeda

A proposal for zamorano and universities' reform and rebirth 2020 jose falck ...
A proposal for zamorano and universities' reform and rebirth 2020 jose falck ...A proposal for zamorano and universities' reform and rebirth 2020 jose falck ...
A proposal for zamorano and universities' reform and rebirth 2020 jose falck ...Jose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck zepeda presentacion guatemala 2020 final for presentation
Falck zepeda presentacion guatemala 2020 final for presentationFalck zepeda presentacion guatemala 2020 final for presentation
Falck zepeda presentacion guatemala 2020 final for presentationJose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano seminario 2019
Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano seminario 2019Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano seminario 2019
Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano seminario 2019Jose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano investiga 2019 final
Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano investiga 2019 finalFalck zepeda presentacion zamorano investiga 2019 final
Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano investiga 2019 finalJose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck zepeda ashs washington dc 2018
Falck zepeda ashs washington dc 2018Falck zepeda ashs washington dc 2018
Falck zepeda ashs washington dc 2018Jose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck zepeda presentation 6th conference zamorano final
Falck zepeda presentation 6th conference zamorano finalFalck zepeda presentation 6th conference zamorano final
Falck zepeda presentation 6th conference zamorano finalJose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck zepeda boston aaas 2017
Falck zepeda boston aaas 2017Falck zepeda boston aaas 2017
Falck zepeda boston aaas 2017Jose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck overview of socioeconomics uganda parlamentarians 2017 final
Falck overview of socioeconomics uganda parlamentarians 2017 finalFalck overview of socioeconomics uganda parlamentarians 2017 final
Falck overview of socioeconomics uganda parlamentarians 2017 finalJose Falck Zepeda
 
Slides nas study extended text
Slides nas study extended textSlides nas study extended text
Slides nas study extended textJose Falck Zepeda
 
Slides jose falck zepeda nas study economics december 2016 original submtted
Slides jose falck zepeda nas study economics december 2016 original submttedSlides jose falck zepeda nas study economics december 2016 original submtted
Slides jose falck zepeda nas study economics december 2016 original submttedJose Falck Zepeda
 
Presentation 1 falck zepeda introduction to socioeconomics
Presentation 1 falck zepeda introduction to socioeconomicsPresentation 1 falck zepeda introduction to socioeconomics
Presentation 1 falck zepeda introduction to socioeconomicsJose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3 final expanded
Falck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3  final expandedFalck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3  final expanded
Falck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3 final expandedJose Falck Zepeda
 
Jose falck zepeda presentation georgetown university april 2015 final
Jose falck zepeda presentation georgetown university april 2015 finalJose falck zepeda presentation georgetown university april 2015 final
Jose falck zepeda presentation georgetown university april 2015 finalJose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3 final expanded
Falck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3  final expandedFalck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3  final expanded
Falck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3 final expandedJose Falck Zepeda
 
Next harvest ii presentation kampala june 2015
Next harvest ii presentation kampala june 2015Next harvest ii presentation kampala june 2015
Next harvest ii presentation kampala june 2015Jose Falck Zepeda
 
Jose Falck Zepeda presentation on biotechnology and developing countries Geor...
Jose Falck Zepeda presentation on biotechnology and developing countries Geor...Jose Falck Zepeda presentation on biotechnology and developing countries Geor...
Jose Falck Zepeda presentation on biotechnology and developing countries Geor...Jose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck Zepeda presentation at the FAO Technical Consultation on Low Level Pres...
Falck Zepeda presentation at the FAO Technical Consultation on Low Level Pres...Falck Zepeda presentation at the FAO Technical Consultation on Low Level Pres...
Falck Zepeda presentation at the FAO Technical Consultation on Low Level Pres...Jose Falck Zepeda
 
Falck zepeda presentation on experiences with socieoconomics biosafety and bi...
Falck zepeda presentation on experiences with socieoconomics biosafety and bi...Falck zepeda presentation on experiences with socieoconomics biosafety and bi...
Falck zepeda presentation on experiences with socieoconomics biosafety and bi...Jose Falck Zepeda
 
FALCK ZEPEDA GMCC 2013 Implications of Biosafety Regulatory Costs and Time De...
FALCK ZEPEDA GMCC 2013 Implications of Biosafety Regulatory Costs and Time De...FALCK ZEPEDA GMCC 2013 Implications of Biosafety Regulatory Costs and Time De...
FALCK ZEPEDA GMCC 2013 Implications of Biosafety Regulatory Costs and Time De...Jose Falck Zepeda
 

Mais de Jose Falck Zepeda (20)

A proposal for zamorano and universities' reform and rebirth 2020 jose falck ...
A proposal for zamorano and universities' reform and rebirth 2020 jose falck ...A proposal for zamorano and universities' reform and rebirth 2020 jose falck ...
A proposal for zamorano and universities' reform and rebirth 2020 jose falck ...
 
Falck zepeda presentacion guatemala 2020 final for presentation
Falck zepeda presentacion guatemala 2020 final for presentationFalck zepeda presentacion guatemala 2020 final for presentation
Falck zepeda presentacion guatemala 2020 final for presentation
 
Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano seminario 2019
Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano seminario 2019Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano seminario 2019
Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano seminario 2019
 
Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano investiga 2019 final
Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano investiga 2019 finalFalck zepeda presentacion zamorano investiga 2019 final
Falck zepeda presentacion zamorano investiga 2019 final
 
Falck zepeda ashs washington dc 2018
Falck zepeda ashs washington dc 2018Falck zepeda ashs washington dc 2018
Falck zepeda ashs washington dc 2018
 
Falck zepeda presentation 6th conference zamorano final
Falck zepeda presentation 6th conference zamorano finalFalck zepeda presentation 6th conference zamorano final
Falck zepeda presentation 6th conference zamorano final
 
Falck zepeda boston aaas 2017
Falck zepeda boston aaas 2017Falck zepeda boston aaas 2017
Falck zepeda boston aaas 2017
 
Falck overview of socioeconomics uganda parlamentarians 2017 final
Falck overview of socioeconomics uganda parlamentarians 2017 finalFalck overview of socioeconomics uganda parlamentarians 2017 final
Falck overview of socioeconomics uganda parlamentarians 2017 final
 
Slides nas study extended text
Slides nas study extended textSlides nas study extended text
Slides nas study extended text
 
Slides jose falck zepeda nas study economics december 2016 original submtted
Slides jose falck zepeda nas study economics december 2016 original submttedSlides jose falck zepeda nas study economics december 2016 original submtted
Slides jose falck zepeda nas study economics december 2016 original submtted
 
Presentation 1 falck zepeda introduction to socioeconomics
Presentation 1 falck zepeda introduction to socioeconomicsPresentation 1 falck zepeda introduction to socioeconomics
Presentation 1 falck zepeda introduction to socioeconomics
 
Falck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3 final expanded
Falck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3  final expandedFalck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3  final expanded
Falck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3 final expanded
 
Jose falck zepeda presentation georgetown university april 2015 final
Jose falck zepeda presentation georgetown university april 2015 finalJose falck zepeda presentation georgetown university april 2015 final
Jose falck zepeda presentation georgetown university april 2015 final
 
Falck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3 final expanded
Falck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3  final expandedFalck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3  final expanded
Falck zepeda zambrano peru report august 2015 agosto 3 final expanded
 
Modulos de campo rotacion
Modulos de campo rotacionModulos de campo rotacion
Modulos de campo rotacion
 
Next harvest ii presentation kampala june 2015
Next harvest ii presentation kampala june 2015Next harvest ii presentation kampala june 2015
Next harvest ii presentation kampala june 2015
 
Jose Falck Zepeda presentation on biotechnology and developing countries Geor...
Jose Falck Zepeda presentation on biotechnology and developing countries Geor...Jose Falck Zepeda presentation on biotechnology and developing countries Geor...
Jose Falck Zepeda presentation on biotechnology and developing countries Geor...
 
Falck Zepeda presentation at the FAO Technical Consultation on Low Level Pres...
Falck Zepeda presentation at the FAO Technical Consultation on Low Level Pres...Falck Zepeda presentation at the FAO Technical Consultation on Low Level Pres...
Falck Zepeda presentation at the FAO Technical Consultation on Low Level Pres...
 
Falck zepeda presentation on experiences with socieoconomics biosafety and bi...
Falck zepeda presentation on experiences with socieoconomics biosafety and bi...Falck zepeda presentation on experiences with socieoconomics biosafety and bi...
Falck zepeda presentation on experiences with socieoconomics biosafety and bi...
 
FALCK ZEPEDA GMCC 2013 Implications of Biosafety Regulatory Costs and Time De...
FALCK ZEPEDA GMCC 2013 Implications of Biosafety Regulatory Costs and Time De...FALCK ZEPEDA GMCC 2013 Implications of Biosafety Regulatory Costs and Time De...
FALCK ZEPEDA GMCC 2013 Implications of Biosafety Regulatory Costs and Time De...
 

Último

KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostMatt Ray
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintMahmoud Rabie
 
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfJamie (Taka) Wang
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaborationbruanjhuli
 
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystemBird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystemAsko Soukka
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-pyJamie (Taka) Wang
 
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPathCommunity
 
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfUiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfDianaGray10
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdfPedro Manuel
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopBachir Benyammi
 
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Commit University
 
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.YounusS2
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesDavid Newbury
 
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding TeamAdam Moalla
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8DianaGray10
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsSeth Reyes
 
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptxBuilding AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptxUdaiappa Ramachandran
 
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXVoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXTarek Kalaji
 
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLDesigning A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLRuncy Oommen
 

Último (20)

KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
 
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
 
20150722 - AGV
20150722 - AGV20150722 - AGV
20150722 - AGV
 
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystemBird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
Bird eye's view on Camunda open source ecosystem
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
 
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
 
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfUiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
 
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
 
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
 
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
 
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptxBuilding AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
Building AI-Driven Apps Using Semantic Kernel.pptx
 
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXVoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
 
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URLDesigning A Time bound resource download URL
Designing A Time bound resource download URL
 

Falck Zpeda et al Presentation of Honduras Bt_RR maize case study at Templeton Foundation project reporting Cambridge april 2014

  • 1. “Adoption Impacts and Access to Innovation in Small Resource Poor Countries: Results from a Second Round Survey and Institutional Assessment in Honduras” José Falck Zepeda1, Denisse McLean2, Patricia Zambrano1, Arie Sanders2, Maria Mercedes Roca2, Cecilia Chi-Ham3 Allan Bennett3 1 IFPRI 2 Zamorano University 3 UC Davis PIPRA Presentation made at Biosciences for Africa project meeting, Cambridge, UK April 2014. © 2014 UC-Davis and IFPRI
  • 2. The Honduras maize sector  Agriculture important to the economy  Binding limitations to ag production  Maize is essential part of the diet  Increasingly dependent on imports Maize in Honduras is grown mostly for food/feed
  • 3. Binding constraints to maize production in Honduras  Low productivity  Damage by lepidopteran insects can be as high as 40-70%  Increasing issues with other pests and diseases  Heavy damage due to aflatoxins / mycotoxins
  • 4. GMOs in Honduras 8th Latin American country adopting GMOs since 20021 Only country in CentralAmerica cultivating GMOs for food -USA* -Brazil* -Argentina* -South Africa* -Canada* -Uruguay x1.5 -Philippines x3 -Spain x5 -Chile x7 -Honduras -Portugal x.8 -Czech Republic x .7 -Poland x3 -Egypt x9 -Slovakia x0.4 -Romania x2 • By 2013, 75 thousand ha with hybrids and GM  15% area planted • GM estimated around 30-40 thousand hectares BT (MON810), RR (NK603), Herculex 1 ,YGVTPro (MON89034) traits approved for commercialization
  • 5. Honduras: promotional environment favoring biotechnology adoption Favorable policy,economic and social conditions facilitated adoption UN Statistics Division, 2011. WTO Statistics, Trade Profiles, 2012 Strategic interest in aligning agricultural policies with the major economic and trade partners • Honduras trade is essentially tied to the United States • Historically strong presence of agricultural multinationals interested in increased agricultural productivity
  • 6.  Established Biosafety Framework and Regulations  Incorporated biotechnology in National Food Self Sufficiency Strategy  Coordinated a joint agricultural and environmental political agenda ‘To facilitate the process to incorporate hybrids and transgenic seeds in 25% of the area planted at the national level by 2014’ Honduras Agricultural and Livestock Ministry goal Public Agricultural and Food Sector Strategy 1996/98: Biosecurity Regulation with Emphasis inTransgenic Plants 1998: National Committee of Biotechnology and Biosecurity (NCBB) 2006: CAFTA-DR Phytozoosanitary Law modification 2008: Cartagena Protocol Ratification 2001/12: Law for the Protection of NewVarieties of Plants USAID GAIN Report 2012. Honduran government specific policy support for easing a transition towards biotechnologies Honduras: A case study to understand biotechnology adoption in small resource poor developing countries
  • 7. Enabling biosafety regulatory approach  Biosafety issues are handled by the Ministries ofAgriculture and Environment  A good dose of pragmatism  What is the risk of adopting Gm crops vs. the risk of NOT adopting  A biosafety committee composed of technical people with sound academic credentials  A clear understanding of the process and components of Risk Analysis as a discipline  Focus on risk assessment only, whereas other considerations may be part of the final decision making process
  • 8.  GM maize provided excellent target pest control Bt yield advantage 856-1781 Kg ha-1 yield Bt maize yields preferred even by risk averse producers  100% higher seed cost than conventional hybrid  Institutional issues important Photos credit: © Sanders and Trabanino 2008 Falck-Zepeda, J., A. Sanders, C. Rogelio Trabanino, & R. Batallas-Huacon. Caught Between Scylla and Charybdis: Impact Estimation Issues from the Early Adoption of GM Maize in Honduras. AgBioForum, 15(2), 138-151. Available on the World Wide Web: http://www.agbioforum.org. 2008 GM maize crop cycle in Honduras: Results from our first survey
  • 9. The 2013 (second) survey to observe experiences of conventional & GM maize farmers Economic,social and agronomic impacts Farmers by maize type Size Total < 7 hectares > 7 hectares Conventional only 58 25 83 GM only 39 57 96 Both types of maize 11 19 30 Total 108 101 209 o We chose a representative sample of maize farmers from the main maize producing state in Honduras
  • 10. Major maize producing areas in Honduras
  • 11. Olancho: The main maize producing state in Honduras - 180,000 metric tons - 35,000 planted hectares >30 % national maize production - 12,000 hectares with GM  >40% GM maize production - 10,000 farmers - A range of different maize production systems We captured diversity within the commercial maize production chain
  • 12. Descriptive statistics Non-Adopters (n=82) PartialAdopters (n=30) Complete Adopters (n=92) P Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Landholding size (ha) 25 47 90 152 42 59 <0.01 Maize area (ha) 6 7 4 4 24 43 <0.01 Other crops as share of total income (%) 20 19 21 19 11 16 <0.05 Non-Adopters (n=82) PartialAdopters (n=30) CompleteAdopters (n=92) P Household income (US$) Count % of n Count % of n Count % of n <500 43 52 8 27 8 9 <0.01 500-1000 26 32 8 27 9 10 1000-1500 7 9 2 7 8 9 1500-2000 1 1 3 10 10 11 2000-2500 3 4 7 23 45 49 2500-5000 2 2 2 7 6 7 >5000 0 0 0 0 6 7
  • 13. Costs and Net Benefits Non-Adopters (n=82) Complete Adopters (n=92) Mean SD Mean SD P Total costs (US$/ha) 727.1 226.2 1356.8 661.5 <0.01 Yield (MT/ha) 3.0 1.3 5.5 1.4 <0.01 Price (US$/MT) 280.0 44.8 377.1 72.9 <0.01 Income (US$/ha) 830.8 402.3 2081.9 687.8 <0.01 Net utility (US$/ha) 104.6 413.6 727.2 874.0 <0.01 Partial Adopters Non-GM Plot (n=30) Partial Adopters GM Plot (n=30) Mean SD Mean SD P Total costs (US$/ha) 979.6 312.7 1123.2 460.1 Yield (MT/ha) 3.7 1.6 5.3 1.6 <0.01 Price (US$/MT) 328.9 76.3 328.9 76.3 Income (US$/ha) 1244.0 658.6 1773.8 754.4 <0.01 Net utility (US$/ha) 265.7 511.8 652.4 664.4 <0.05
  • 14. But... our data analysis shows that outliers and sampling biases are present and relevant to outcomes 1 3 5 11 2021 40 42 56 60 68 76 77 78 84 8586 8889 90 91 92 939496 99 100101 103104 106 107 109 110 111112114 115 116 117 120 121 122125 127 129 130 131 132 133 135 136137140141 144 145 152 153154 155 157158159 161 164 166 168 170 171 173 174 175 176182 183 184185 186191 198 199 200 203 204 206 208 212 213 214 215 216 230 232 233 -20 0 2040 Robuststandardizedresiduals 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Robust_distance Observation ID Yield Cook’s D 42 6.500 0.053 84 5.200 0.385 99 7.475 0.033 116 4.543 0.039 120 9.100 0.020 121 2.507 0.022 129 2.839 0.021 131 6.500 0.688 132 3.250 0.054 143 1.817 0.028 152 5.200 1.230 155 7.800 0.036 169 1.083 0.020 170 6.045 2.381 173 0.975 0.030 174 8.060 0.032 182 0.195 0.060 200 5.200 0.033 212 7.800 0.032 217 1.300 0.020 222 9.100 0.022 230 6.500 0.026 “The classical instrumental variables (IV) estimator is extremely sensitive to the presence of outliers in the sample. This is a concern as outliers can strongly dis- tort the estimated effect of a given regressor on the dependent variable. Although outlier diagnostics exist, they frequently fail to detect atypical observations since they are themselves based on non-robust (to outliers) estimators. Furthermore, they do not take into account the combined influence of outliers in the first and second stages of the IV estimator” Desbordes and Verardi, Stata Journal 2012
  • 15. Maize yields and net income: raw and sampling bias/outlier adjusted averages Yield (mt/ha) Raw averages Averages adjusted for sampling bias and/or outliers GM plots 5.3 4.78 - 5.02 Conventional plots 3.7 3.7 Difference 1.6 1.08 - 1.32 Estimate of the impact of sampling bias and/or outliers (%) 17 - 32% Income (US$/ha) Raw averages Averages adjusted for sampling bias and/or outliers GM plots 1774 1584 - 1754 Conventional plots 1244 1244 Difference 530 340 - 510 Estimate of the impact of sampling bias and/or outliers (%) 4 - 36%
  • 16. Small-holders and GM Maize qualitative research Research questions  Does the operation of maize production differs among small-scale adopters and non-adopters?  Are these differences gender specific or gender neutral?  What are the perceived main limitations that small-holders face in the adoption of GM maize?
  • 17. Qualitative Research –Tools used  One-page identification survey, by participant  Map of maize production activities by specific producer (GM and non-GM adopter, by gender)  Variety/hybrid preference matrix: perceptions of main limitations, by group  Priority action matrix, perceptions of main technology barriers, by group  One-to-one interviews
  • 18. Women Plant conventional maize Plant GM maize Men Women Men 31 33  Only group that use recycle seed  Solely decides which seed to plant  Supervise most work  Does much of the work by themselves  Poor knowledge about GM seed characteristics  Only group that believe GM yields less profits  Need to hire labor  Hire machinery  Male HH members supervision  Decides jointly with male HH member which seed to plant  Rely on male HH members for labor demands  Believe GM yields 2/3 more times  Supervise and makes all maize operations decisions  No family consultation regarding which seed to plant  Perform no weeding activities  Believe GM is less time demanding and requires less hired labor  Only group that believes GM requires equal or more hired labor  Believe GM is more time demanding  Best knowledge and information about GM market and agronomic characteristics Small group discussions: Findings
  • 19. Net Mapping and Social NetworkAnalysis Who could influence the adoption of GM maize in Honduras?
  • 20. Net Mapping and Social Network Analysis – Indicators of closeness and centrality
  • 21. Communication and Outreach Video Documentary on the Impact on theAdoption of GM Crops in Honduras Honduran production crew gathered on-farm footage Communication firm in Costa Rica developed the scripts for 3 short video clips Farmers share their experience with the adoption of conventional and GM maize varieties Perspectives of government and academic representatives
  • 22. Summary  Positive economic benefits of using GM maize technology in Honduras for current adopters  Results across our study area show that GM maize reduce damage, in some cases yield 29-35% higher compared to the conventional hybrid  Production costs per hectare of GM maize are higher than HYV varieties  GM => Higher seed price but with lower pesticide use  GM maize significantly increased farmer’s net benefits per hectare  Need to address multiple institutional and policy issues
  • 23. Policy issues for future research Why is the aggregate adoption rate is low and growing relatively slowly when the return to the GM technology is so high in Honduras?  Typical low adoption constraints  Lack of adequate information and knowledge about modern maize varieties  Farm size and liquidity constraints (neighborhood effect in more favored areas)  Access to productive inputs  Serious problems of other kind of pests and diseases  Black tar spot disease makes current GM technology less attractive for the farmers.  Small market outlet for GM maize  Maize processors linked to government programs (WFP) do not accept GM maize  Impact of price fluctuations (?)  Policies to support the “smallest of the smallholders”  Dealing with market uncertainty  Seed companies’ ability to deal with infrastructural issues and producer geographical dispersion  Market value chain capacity  Scale issue
  • 24. Two upcoming sources of information  Next Harvest II  Templeton funded projects implemented by IFPRI  A comprehensive survey measuring agricultural biotechnology capacity  South Africa  Nigeria  Kenya  Uganda  A report to theAfrican Development Bank on agricultural biotechnology capacity submitted by IFPRI – to be launched later this year
  • 25. Arie Sanders Maria Mercedes Roca Miljian Villalta Alan B. Bennett Cecilia Chi-Ham Denisse McLean José Falck-Zepeda Patricia Zambrano Sandra Mendoza. Participatory research consultant Research funded by:
  • 26. José Benjamin Falck-Zepeda, Ph.D. Senior Research Fellow / Leader PolicyTeam Program for Biosafety Systems IFPRI 2033 K Street NW Washington, DC 20006-1002 USA j.falck-zepeda@cgiar.org Brief bio/pubs: http://www.ifpri.org/staffprofile/jose-falck-zepeda Blog: http://socioeconomicbiosafety.wordpress.com/ Follow me onTwitter: @josefalck