2. Abacus
 It was invented about
3000 B.C.
 It consists of beads
divided into 2 parts
which are movable on
the 2 rods.
 It is mainly used to
calculate addition and
multiplication by using
the place value of the
digit.

3. Napier’s Logs and Bones
 Invented by John Napier
who developed the idea
of logarithms.
 It is used to perform
addition multiplication and
division.
 Due to the idea of
logarithm developed in
1614, the tedium of
repetitive calculations
reduced.

4. Pascal’s Adding Machine
 Invented by Blaise
Pascal.
 Also known as Pascaline.
 It consists of numbers
toothed wheels having
unique position values.
 It was capable of doing
additions and
subtractions.

5. Leibnitz’s Calculator
 Invented by Gottfried
Leibnitz a German
mathematician .
 It was able to perform
multiplications and
divisions & multiplications
through repeated
addition.
 Leibnitz’s machine used
stepped cylinder each
with 9 teeth of varying
lengths instead of wheels
used by Pascal.

6. Jacquard’s Loom
 Invented by Joseph
Jacquard.
 He manufactured
punched cards at the
end of the American
Revolution.
 It was completely
automatic and
controlled by the
process called
weaving.

7. Babbage’s Difference Engine
 Developed by Charles
Babbage.
 It was able to perform
mathematical
functions and
calculate logarithmic
tables.
 Its operation was
automatic, multi stop
operations.

9. Babbage’s Analytical Engine
 Designed by Charles
Babbage.
 It was able to perform
all four mathematical
operation, along with
comparison.
 It was included with
the concept of central
processor, storage
area, memory, input
and output devices.

11. Hollerith’s Machine
 Invented by Herman
Hollerith
 It was the first electro
mathematical
punched-card
tabulator that used
punched cards for
input ,output and
instructions.
 It was used by the
American Department

13. Mark - I
 It was invented by
Professor Howard Aiken.
 It could multiply any two
ten digit numbers in 5
seconds which was a
record at that time.
 It was the first machine
which could perform
according to pre
programmed instructions
automatically without any
manual interface.

15. By :- Burhanuddin
Jitesh
Pravin
Shivam
Soubhik