Id2 presentation

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Jenny Molloy

Short presentation with open science case studies presented to ID2 2014 http://id2-ox.co.uk/

Science Technology Education

Jenny Molloy
DPhil Candidate, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford
Coordinator, Open Science Working Group, Open Knowledge Foundation
jenny.molloy@okfn.org @okfnscienceOpen Science
Open Science:
Liberating ideas,
facilitating research.
[ID]2
Conference, 26-17 July 2014, University of Oxford DTC

Photo: Ed Yourdon under CC-BY-NC-SA. Slide by Cameron Neylon

“A piece of data or content is open if
anyone is free to use, reuse, and
redistribute it — subject only, at most,
to the requirement to attribute and/or
share-alike.”
opendefinition.org

Open science is a research accelerator (Michael Woelfle, Piero Olliaro & Matthew H. Todd)
Nature Chemistry, 3:45–748 (2011) doi:10.1038/nchem.1149
Images from http://opensourcemalaria.org/

PLUTo: Phyloinformatic Literature Unlocking Tools.
Software for making published phyloinformatic data discoverable, open, and reusable
Slide from Ross Mounce under CC-BY 2.5 http://www.slideshare.net/rossmounce/the-pluto-project-ievobio-2014

Over to you...
Why do you do scientific research?
What are your biggest frustrations?
Do you see scope for greater openness to
improve your research or science in general?
What are your reservations?

Acknowledgements
Thanks to the organisers of ID2 for inviting me to present on this topic
Also to:
OK Science Working Group inc. Peter Murray-Rust and Ross Mounce
Cameron Neylon for his excellent open science presentation:
http://www.slideshare.net/CameronNeylon/network-enabled-research-the-role-of-
open-source-and-open-thinking

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Cotton crops are vulnerable to a variety of sucking pests, which can severely impact plant health, yield, and fiber quality. These pests primarily feed on plant sap, extracting nutrients directly from the plant's vascular system. Here's a breakdown of some of the most significant sucking pests in cotton cultivation: Aphids: Cotton aphids or melon aphids can cause direct damage by sucking sap and indirect damage by secreting honeydew, which encourages sooty mold growth. This can interfere with photosynthesis and weaken the plant. Aphids can also transmit viral diseases. Whiteflies: Two species, the silverleaf whitefly and the bandedwinged whitefly, are particularly troublesome. They not only suck sap from the underside of leaves, causing yellowing and leaf drop, but their honeydew excretion promotes sooty mold and they can transmit several plant viruses. Thrips: While thrips can chew on plants, their primary damage to cotton is through sucking. They attack the cotton plant during its seedling stage, which can stunt growth and reduce vigor. Thrips are also capable of transmitting the Cotton Bud disease. Spider Mites: These are not insects but arachnids. Spider mites, such as the two-spotted spider mite, suck cell contents from the leaves, leading to speckled discoloration and potentially significant leaf loss if infestations are severe. Leafhoppers: Including various species, leafhoppers can cause direct damage through feeding, which results in leaf curling and stunted growth. They can also be vectors for plant diseases. Mealybugs: These pests are less common but can be problematic, especially in clustered planting conditions. They suck sap and secrete honeydew, which leads to sooty mold. Mealybugs can also spread viruses. Stink Bugs: Although primarily known for their chewing mouthparts, certain stink bugs can cause damage similar to sucking pests by injecting saliva into the plant and sucking out nutrients, leading to boll damage and stained lint. Management Strategies: Cultural Controls: This includes practices such as crop rotation, using resistant varieties, and managing planting and harvesting times to avoid peak pest populations. Biological Controls: Beneficial insects like lady beetles, lacewings, and predatory mites can naturally control sucking pest populations. Parasitic wasps also play a role in controlling aphid and whitefly populations. Chemical Controls: Insecticides may be used but should be chosen carefully to minimize resistance development and preserve beneficial insects. Systemic insecticides can be particularly effective against sucking pests. Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Combining multiple control strategies based on monitoring and thresholds to apply the most effective and environmentally sensitive approach. Effective management of sucking pests in cotton requires a thorough understanding of the pest species present, their life cycles, and the ecological balance of the field environment.

Pests of cotton_Sucking_Pests_Dr.UPR.pdf

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Context. WASP-76 b has been a recurrent subject of study since the detection of a signature in high-resolution transit spectroscopy data indicating an asymmetry between the two limbs of the planet. The existence of this asymmetric signature has been confirmed by multiple studies, but its physical origin is still under debate. In addition, it contrasts with the absence of asymmetry reported in the infrared (IR) phase curve. Aims. We provide a more comprehensive dataset of WASP-76 b with the goal of drawing a complete view of the physical processes at work in this atmosphere. In particular, we attempt to reconcile visible high-resolution transit spectroscopy data and IR broadband phase curves. Methods. We gathered 3 phase curves, 20 occultations, and 6 transits for WASP-76 b in the visible with the CHEOPS space telescope. We also report the analysis of three unpublished sectors observed by the TESS space telescope (also in the visible), which represents 34 phase curves. Results. WASP-76 b displays an occultation of 260±11 and 152±10 ppm in TESS and CHEOPS bandpasses respectively. Depending on the composition assumed for the atmosphere and the data reduction used for the IR data, we derived geometric albedo estimates that range from 0.05 ± 0.023 to 0.146 ± 0.013 and from <0.13 to 0.189 ± 0.017 in the CHEOPS and TESS bandpasses, respectively. As expected from the IR phase curves, a low-order model of the phase curves does not yield any detectable asymmetry in the visible either. However, an empirical model allowing for sharper phase curve variations offers a hint of a flux excess before the occultation, with an amplitude of ∼40 ppm, an orbital offset of ∼−30◦ , and a width of ∼20◦ . We also constrained the orbital eccentricity of WASP-76 b to a value lower than 0.0067, with a 99.7% confidence level. This result contradicts earlier proposed scenarios aimed at explaining the asymmetry observed in high-resolution transit spectroscopy. Conclusions. In light of these findings, we hypothesise that WASP-76 b could have night-side clouds that extend predominantly towards its eastern limb. At this limb, the clouds would be associated with spherical droplets or spherically shaped aerosols of an unknown species, which would be responsible for a glory effect in the visible phase curves.

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Id2 presentation

1. Jenny Molloy DPhil Candidate, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford Coordinator, Open Science Working Group, Open Knowledge Foundation jenny.molloy@okfn.org @okfnscienceOpen Science Open Science: Liberating ideas, facilitating research. [ID]2 Conference, 26-17 July 2014, University of Oxford DTC

2. Cameron Neylon under CC-BY-SA

3. Cameron Neylon under CC-BY-SA

4. Photo: Ed Yourdon under CC-BY-NC-SA. Slide by Cameron Neylon

5. “A piece of data or content is open if anyone is free to use, reuse, and redistribute it — subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and/or share-alike.” opendefinition.org

6. Open Science Access Data Research

7. Open science is a research accelerator (Michael Woelfle, Piero Olliaro & Matthew H. Todd) Nature Chemistry, 3:45–748 (2011) doi:10.1038/nchem.1149 Images from http://opensourcemalaria.org/

9. PLUTo: Phyloinformatic Literature Unlocking Tools. Software for making published phyloinformatic data discoverable, open, and reusable Slide from Ross Mounce under CC-BY 2.5 http://www.slideshare.net/rossmounce/the-pluto-project-ievobio-2014

10. Over to you... Why do you do scientific research? What are your biggest frustrations? Do you see scope for greater openness to improve your research or science in general? What are your reservations?

11. Acknowledgements Thanks to the organisers of ID2 for inviting me to present on this topic Also to: OK Science Working Group inc. Peter Murray-Rust and Ross Mounce Cameron Neylon for his excellent open science presentation: http://www.slideshare.net/CameronNeylon/network-enabled-research-the-role-of- open-source-and-open-thinking

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