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Facilitated diffusion
Spot the difference!
Key features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The molecules that use it: ,[object Object]
Two types of protein are involved ,[object Object]
Carrier proteins
Carrier proteins
ION CHANNELS ,[object Object],[object Object]
Ion channel
 
Comparison of diffusion and facilitated diffusion. ,[object Object],Concentration difference
[object Object],The system is saturated – there are only a limited number of carrier molecules per unit area of membrane. The rate of movement reaches a maximum when all the carrier molecules are fully loaded with  solute molecules
Osmosis ,[object Object]
Osmosis Osmosis is a “special kind of diffusion”.  It’s when water diffuses from a concentrated area to a less concentrated area through a partially permeable membrane (i.e. one that allows water to move through but not anything else): Water Sugar solution In this example the water molecules will move from left to right (along the concentration gradient) and gradually dilute the sugar solution. This is how water moves into root hair cells
Water potentials ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],EXAM TIP: You MUST use these sort of terms, e.g. more negative / less negative / hypotonic / hypertonic. If you talk – larger / smaller or bigger / smaller  you won’t get  any marks!!!!!!!
Draw the diagrams ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Strong sugar solution Medium sugar solution Weak sugar solution Potato cells
More facts…. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Water potential formula: Water potential= solute potential + pressure potential
Osmosis ,[object Object],[object Object],Less negative water potential hypotonic To a  More negative water potential hypertonic hypertonic Until the solutions are ISOTONIC
Active Transport
Spot the difference
Definition ,[object Object]
Key facts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Endocytosis and Exocytosis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
 

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transport across cell membranes