My power point presentation for Diversity in Music.

1. St. Ann Parish, Jamaica

2. He was born to Norval and Cedella
married in 1945. He spent his early
life in a rural community of Nine
Miles. The residents of Nine Miles
preserved many of the customs from
their African ancestry.
In keeping with tradition the art of
story-telling is a way for them to share
the past which are oftertimes
overlooked in official historical
sources.
During Bob's childhood he heard many proverbs and fables that were associated with his
rural life, these would provide a deeper cultural context to his songwriting.
Quote
"Emancipate yourselves from mental slavery; none but ourselves can free our minds."
– Bob Marley

3. A childhood friend named Neville “Bunny”
O‟Riley Livingston inspired Bob to learn how to
play the quitar, and they took vocal classes in the
principles of rhythm, harmony and melody.
Marley and Livingston devoted much of their
time to music and with the guidance of Joe
Higgs(reggae musician), Marley worked on
improving his singing abilities.
Bob met another student of Higgs‟ named Peter Tosh who would play an important role
in Marley‟s career.
In 1950 Bob moved to Trench Town where he had to learn how to defend himself from
the rude boys and bad men. His fighting skills earned him the Respectful nickname „Tuff
Gang.‟

4. Trench Town was a culturally rich
community where his musical talents
were nurtured. Hearing the music over
the radio from such artists as Ray
Charles, Elvis Presley, Fats Domino
and the Drifters, gave Marley
inspiration.
A lifelong source of inspiration, Bob
immortalized Trench Town in his songs
"No Woman No Cry" (1974), "Trench
Town Rock" (1975) and "Trench
Town“.
By 1960 the island‟s music industry was beginning to take shape and its development gave
birth to an indigenous popular Jamaican music form called “ska.” This is a local
interpretation of American soul and R&B, with an irresistible accent on the offbeat.

5. Up a cane river to wash my dread;
Upon a rock I rest my head.
There I vision through the seas of oppression, oh-oo-wo!
Don't make my life a prison.
We come from Trench Town, Trench Town (Trenchtown) Most of them come from Trench Town.
We free the people with music (sweet music);
Can we free the people with music (sweet music)?
Can we free our people with music? - With music,
With music, oh music!
Oh-y, my head,
In desolate places we'll find our bread,
And everyone see what's taking place, oh-oo-wo! Another page in history.
Trench Town Audio

6. Ska is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late „50s, and was the
precursor to rock n'roll and reggae. Ska combined elements of Caribbean mento and
calypso with American jazz and rhythm & blues. (SKA Scene.com)
By the mid „60s, the jaunty ska beat had metamorphosed into the slower paced
rock-steady sound, which soon gave way to Jamaica's signature reggae rhythm
around 1968.
Bob, who, at twenty-one, married a
beautiful Trench Town Sunday school
teacher named Rita (and stayed married
to her until his death), fathered an untold
number of kids by an untold number of
women. The general estimate puts the
number of Marley‟s progeny at around
twenty. The way he could tell his
children, he said, was by the way each
spoke out of the side of his or her
mouth, the way he did.

7. Bob was also a professional level soccer player and played a wicked game
of ping-pong.
Exploring his spiritual side Bob developed an interest in The Rastafarian
Movement. This movement began in Jamaica in the 1930s and drew many
of its believes from the Jamaican nationalist Marcus Garvey, the Old
Testament, the Jamaicans' African heritage and the local culture.
When Rastafarian first emerged in Jamaica it allowed Africans to connect to
their homeland ancestry. Thirty Five years after Bob's death, his enlightened
lyrics, Wailers' accompaniment, powerful drum and bass continue to
provide a voice for the suffering masses, the injustices of political
corruption and the indignities of racial oppression, in the all-encompassing
spirit of "One Love".

8. Bob Marley helped introduce reggae music to the world and remains one of the genre's
most beloved artists to this day.

9. In 1963, Marley, Livingston, and
McIntosh formed the Wailing Wailers
with their first single, “Simmer Down.”
It went to the top of the charts in
Jamaica.
Simmer Down Audio
The first single, “Simmer Down,” was Bob’s way of cautioning the ghetto youths to
control their tempers or “the battle would be hotter”, and the song reportedly sold
over 80,00 copies.
In 1970 soaring unemployment, rationed food supplies, pervasive political violence
and the IMF’s stranglehold on Jamaican economy influenced the social
consciousness that came to define Bob’s lyrics.

10. In 1972 Bob Marley and the Wailers got their big break
when they landed a contract with Island
Records, founded by Chris Blackwell.
Their first album was called Catch a Fire and to support
the record the Wailers toured Britain and the United
States in 1973.
Here are some of those lyrics from Slave Driver, it speaks for itself…

11. Ev'rytime I hear the crack of a whip,
My blood runs cold.
I remember on the slave ship,
How they brutalize the very souls.
Today they say that we are free,
Only to be chained in poverty.
Good God, I think it's illiteracy;
It's only a machine that makes money.
Slave driver, the table is turn, y'all. Ooh-ooh-oo-ooh.
Slave driver, uh! The table is turn, baby, now; (catch a fire)
Catch a fire, so you can get burn, baby, now. (catch a fire)
Slave driver, the table is turn, y'all; (catch a fire)
Catch a fire: so you can get burn, now. (catch a fire)

12. Following the successful "Catch A Fire" tour, the Wailers promptly recorded their
second album for Island Records, "Burnin", which was released in October, 1973.
Featuring some of Bob's most celebrated songs, "Burnin" introduced their timeless
anthem of insurgency "Get Up Stand Up" and "I Shot The Sheriff", which Eric
Clapton covered and took to the top of the Billboard Hot 100 in 1974; Clapton's
cover significantly elevated Bob Marley's international profile, the same year that
Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer left the group.
Get Up, Stand Up
I Shot the Sheriff

13. The Wailers band included Rita Marley, Marcia Griffiths and Judy
Mowatt, Family Man and Carly Barrett, Junior Marvin on rhythm
guitar, Al Anderson on lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Earl "Wya"
Lindo on keyboards and Alvin "Seeco" Patterson playing percussion.
Characterized by spiritually and socially conscious lyrics, the "Natty
Dread" album included a rousing blues-influenced celebration of
reggae, "Lively Up Yourself", which Bob used to open many of his
concerts. The struggles of his Trench Town youth are poignantly
conveyed on "No Woman No Cry", while the Natty Dread title track
played a significant role in introducing the Rastafarian culture and
philosophies to the world.
No Woman No Cry

14. Bob Marley catapulted to international stardom in 1976 with the release of
"Rastaman Vibration", his only album to reach the Billboard Top
200, peaking at #8. With the inclusion of "Crazy Baldhead", which decries
"brainwash education" and the stirring title cut, "Rastaman Vibration"
presented a clearer understanding of Rastafarian teachings to the
mainstream audience that was now attentively listening.
Also included was "War", its lyrics
adapted from an impassioned speech to
the United Nations General Assembly in
1963, delivered by Ethiopian Emperor
Haile Selassie, “I whom Rastafarians
consider a living God.” Thirty-five years
after its initial release "War" remains an
unassailable anthem of equality, its
empowering spirit embraced by
dispossessed people everywhere.

15. Being a supporter of the Peoples' National Party, with its influence in his native land
was seen as a threat to the party. This may have led to the assassination attempt in
1976, The band was rehearsing on December 3 when a group of gunmen attacked.
Marley was hit in the sternum and the bicep, his wife was hit in the head. They were
not severly injuried. His manager Don Taylor was not so lucky, he was shot five
times and underwent surgery to save his life.
If the ambush was an attempt to stop the Smile Jamaica concert of as a warning to
silence the revolutionary spirit within his music, it had failed. He defiantly
performed "War" at this concert, which drew in about 80,000 people. He went into
seclusion shortly after this concert and few people knew where he was.

16. He went to work on his Exodus album. This album draws on the
biblical story of Moses and the Israelites leaving exile and his own
situation. This album is considered to be one of the best ever made.
The Exodus title track provided a call for change, “the movement of
Jah people”. Incorporating spiritual and political concerns into its
groundbreaking mixture of reggae, rock and soul-funk.
Exodus Audio

17. Bob released "Survival", his ninth album for Island, in the summer of 1979. His
definitive statement on the 1976 assassination attempt, "Survival" is a
brilliant, politically progressive work championing pan-African solidarity.
"Survival" also included "Africa Unite" and "Zimbabwe", the latter an anthem for
the soon-to-be liberated colony of Rhodesia. In April, 1980 Bob and the Wailers
performed at Zimbabwe's official Independence Ceremony at the invitation of the
country's newly elected president Robert Mugabe. This profound honor reconfirmed
the importance of Bob Marley and the Wailers throughout the African Diaspora and
reggae's significance as a unifying and liberating force.
Africa Unite Audio

18. 
The final album to be released in Bob's lifetime, "Uprising", helped to fulfill another
career objective. Bob had openly courted an African American listenership
throughout his career and he made a profound connection to that demographic with
"Could You Be Loved", which incorporated a danceable reggae-disco fusion.
"Could You Be Loved" reached #6 and #56 respectively on Billboard's Club Play
Singles and Black Singles charts. "Uprising" also included contemplative odes to
Bob's Rastafarian beliefs, "Zion Train" and "Forever Loving Jah", and the deeply
moving "Redemption Song" a stark, acoustic declaration of enduring truths and
profoundly personal musings.
Could You Be Loved Audio

19. In 1978 he returned to Jamaica
to perform his One Love Peace
concert.. The event was another
effort aimed at curtailing the
rampant violence stemming from
the senseless PNP-JLP rivalries;
the event featured 16 prominent
reggae acts and was dubbed a
"Third World Woodstock". In the
concert's most memorable
scenario
Upon his return to Jamaica in 1978 his one love peace concert, was another
attempt to stop the rampant violence stemming from the Peoples' National
Party and their rivalry with the JLP party. The event featured 16 reggae acts
and was called a "Third World Woodstock".
In the concerts most memorable scenario Bob had the JLP leader Edward
Seaga and Prime Minister Michael Manley come onstage. As they played
"Jamming" Bob urged the politicians to shake hands.

20. He clasped his left hand over
theirs, and raised their arms and
chanted "Jah Rastafari". In June 1978
he traveled to the United Nations in
New York where he received the
Medal of Peace for recognition of his
courageous attempt to bridge Jamica's
political divide.
Also in 1978 he made his first trip to
Africa, an especially important nation
to him as it is viewed as the spiritual
homeland to Rastafarians. This trip
may have inspired his next album
“Survival” (1979) which was seen as a
call for greater unity and an end to
oppression on the African continent.

21. The song urges listeners to "Emancipate yourself from mental slavery," because
"None but ourselves can free our minds". These lines were taken from a speech
given by Marcus Garvey in Nova Scotia during October 1937 and published in his
Black Man magazine.
“We are going to emancipate ourselves from mental slavery because whilst others
might free the body, none but ourselves can free the mind. Mind is your only
ruler, sovereign. The man who is not able to develop and use his mind is bound to be
the slave of the other man who uses his mind ...”
In 2009, Jamaican poet and broadcaster Mutabaruka chose "Redemption Song" as
the most influential recording in Jamaican music history.

22. Two days after Marley learned that the cancer that started in his big toe from a
football injury in 1977, had spread throughout his body. He fought the disease for
eight months, traveling to Germany to undergo treatment at the clinic of Dr. Josef
Issels. In the beginning of May 1981 he left Germany to return to Jamiaca but did
not complete the journey, the cancer had taken his life in a hospital in Miami.
The Bob Marley influence throughout the world remains unparalleled, irrespective of
race, color or creed. His music challenged colonialism, racism,has had profound
effects. He fought against ism and scism as he sang in "One Drop", even in
countries that did not speak English. August, 2008, two musicians from war scarred
countries of Serbia and Croatia unveiled a statue of Bob Marley during a rock music
festival in Serbia. The monument inscription read, "Bob Marley, Fighter for
Freedom Armed with a Guitar". "Marley was chosen because he promoted peace
and tolerance in his music," said Mirko Miljus, an organizer of the event.

23. In Koh Lipe, Thailand on February 6th Bob Marley's birthday is celebrated for three
days. On Waitangi Day in New Zealand honoring the unifying treaty signed between
European and the indigenous population Bob Marley's life and music are essential
components.
April 6, 1979 the Maori greeted Bob with a traditional song and dance ceremony
usually reserved for visiting dignitaries. Don Taylor referred to the welcoming ritual
as one of the most treasured memories for reggae music on the world. This ritual
had a big impact on Bob, knowing that he had made a difference on the world.

24. On April 17, 1980 the former British colony of Rhodesia was liberated and officially
renamed Zimbabwe and the flag was replaced with the red, gold, green and black
flag we see today. It is said that the first words officially spoken in the new nation
were "ladies and gentlemen, Bob Marley and the Wailers".
For the Zimbabwean freedom fighters who listened to Bob Marley, drew inspiration
and strength from his lyrics. Marley penned a tribute to their
efforts, "Zimbabwe", which was included on the most overtly political album of his
career, 1979's "Survival" and he was invited to headline their official liberation
celebrations.
Zimbabwean police used tear gas to control the crowds that stampeded through the
gates of Harare's Rufaro Stadium to get a glimpse of Marley onstage. As several
members of Marley's entourage fled for cover, he returned to the stage to perform
"Zimbabwe", his words resounding with a greater urgency amidst the ensuing chaos:
"to divide and rule could only tear us apart, in everyman chest, there beats a heart so
soon we'll find out who is the real revolutionaries and I don't want my people to be
tricked by mercenaries."

25. Zimbabwe Lyrics.

Every man gotta right to decide his own destiny,
And in this judgement there is no partiality.
So arm in arms, with arms, we'll fight this little struggle,
'Cause that's the only way we can overcome our little trouble.
Brother, you're right, you're right,
You're right, you're right, you're so right!
We gon' fight (we gon' fight), we'll have to fight (we gon' fight),
We gonna fight (we gon' fight), fight for our rights!
Natty Dread it in-a (Zimbabwe);
Set it up in (Zimbabwe);
Mash it up-a in-a Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe);
Africans a-liberate (Zimbabwe), yeah.
No more internal power struggle;
We come together to overcome the little trouble.
Soon we'll find out who is the real revolutionary,
'Cause I don't want my people to be contrary.

26. Bob Marley achieved many great accomplishments during his life, including serving
as a world ambassador for reggae music, which earned him induction into the Rock
and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994. He sold more than 20 million records making him
the first international superstar to emerge from the so called third world.
Marley made a commitment to fight oppression which continues today through an
organization established in his memory by the Marley family called "The Bob
Marley Foundation" and is devoted to help people and organizations in developing
nations.
Bob Marley’s last words to his fans video: Bob Marley's Last Words

27. Bob Marley. Bob Marley Website. 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2013
Bob Marley Biography. Bio. True Story. 2013. Web. 13 Oct. 2013
Music
Marley, Bob “Zimbabwe.” Survival. Internet. 2013
“Africa Unite.” Survival. Internet. 2013
“Redemtion Song.” Legend. Internet 2013
“Could You Be Loved.” Uprising. Internet 2013
“Exodus.” Exodus. Internet 2013
“No Woman No Cry.” Natty Dread. Internet. 2013
“I Shot the Sheriff.” Catch A Fire. Internet. 2013
“Get Up, Stand Up.” Catch A Fire. Internet. 2013
“Slave Driver.” Catch A Fire. Internet. 2013
“ Simmer Down.” The Wailing Wailers. Internet. 2013
“One Love.” One Love. Internet 2013
“Trench Town.” Trench Town Rock. Internet. 2013