Aviation Assignment....

1. Aviation
Jaifar. K.U
C5 Batch

2.  Name: Jaifar. K. U
 Class: C5
 Assessor Name: Sapna

3. Name Head quarters CEO Fleet Slogan
Jet Light Mumbai Naresh Goyal 19 Emotionally
Yours
Jet Konnect Mumbai Naresh Goyal 8 The Joy Of Flying
Go Air Mumbai Jehangir Wadia 10 Experience The
Difference
Indigo Gurgaon Rahul Bhatia MD 39 Go Indigo
Aditya Ghosh
Jagson Delhi Koustav M. Dhar 5 Soaring The New
Heights
Spice Jet Gurgaon Siddhanta 25 Get More When
Sharma You Fly
Air India Express Kochi, Kerala Arvind Jadhav 21 Simply Priceless
Kingfisher Red Bangalore Vijay Mallya 21 The Choice Is
Simple

6. Open Sky Policy
 Open skies is an international policy concept which calls for the liberization
of rules and regulations on international aviation industry, most specially
commercial aviation opening free market for the airline industry
 The objectives are :
 To liberalize the rules for International aviation markets and minimize
government intervention. The provisions apply to passengers , call cargo
and combination air transportation and encompass both both scheduled
and charter services. To adjunct the regime under which military of other
State based flights may be permitted. To achieve sovereignty , a state must
be recognized having both de facto and de jire control over all the land , sea
and air space within defined territorial boundaries.

7.  A bilateral air transport agreement is a contract to liberise aviation services
usually commercial civil aviation between two contracting states . This
agreement allows the airlines of both the states to launch commercial
flight that covers the transport of passengers and cargoes of both countries
. A multinational air service agreement is between more than two countries.
 India was a country who was against privatization in the beginning and
started air line service Under government control but later Indian
government along with many other countries became liberal an the open
sky policy which invited eligible people free to start a new airline company .
This changed the face of aviation industry itself.

8.  A low cost carrier or low cost airline is an airline that generally has lower fares
and les comforts. To make up for the revenue lost in decreased ticket prices ,
the airline may charge for extras like food, priority, boarding , seat allocating
and baggage.
 The term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines
with a lower cost structure than their competitors while the term is often
applied to any carrier with low ticket prices and limited services , regardless of
their operating models .

10. Seat Belt
 A seat belt or seatbelt, sometimes called a safety belt, is a safety
harness designed to secure the occupant of a vehicle against harmful movement
that may result from a collision or a sudden stop. As part of an overall
automobile passive safety system, seat belts are intended to reduce injuries by
stopping the wearer from hitting hard interior elements of the vehicle, or other
passengers (the so-called second impact), are in the correct position for the
airbag to deploy and prevent the passenger from being thrown from the vehicle.
Seat belts also absorb energy by being designed to stretch during any sudden
deceleration, so that there is less speed differential between the passenger's
body and their vehicle interior, and also to spread the loading of impact on the
passengers body.
.

11.  The final, so-called 'third impact' after a passenger's body hits the car
interior, airbag or seat belts, is that of the internal organs hitting the ribcage
or skull. The force of this impact is the mechanism through which car
crashes cause disabling or life threatening injury. The sequence of energy
dissipating and speed reducing technologies - crumple zone - seat belt -
airbags - padded interior, are designed to work together as a system, to
reduce the force of this final impact

12. Oxygen Mask
 Most commercial aircraft are pressurized at a
maximum cabin altitude of 8,000 feet, where it is
possible to breathe normally without an oxygen mask.
If the cabin pressurization level reaches the equivalent
of 14,000 feet or higher on the exterior, or
a decompression occurs above that flying level
and hypoxia is possible, compartments containing the
oxygen masks will open automatically, either above or
in front of the passenger and crew seats, and the
oxygen masks will drop down in front of the passenger.
Oxygen masks may also drop on extremely rough
landings or during severe turbulence if the oxygen
mask panel becomes loose. Rows of seats typically
have an extra mask (i.e. 3 seats, 4 masks), in case
someone has an infant in their lap, or someone in the
aisle needs to grab one.

13.  An oxygen mask consists of a yellow, soft, silicone facial cup with white elastic
bands for securing the mask to the passenger's face. This band is adjustable by
pulling two ends looped through the facial cup. The mask may also have a
concentrator or re-breather bag that may or may not inflate depending on the cabin
altitude, which has (in some instances) made passengers nervous the mask was not
providing adequate oxygen, causing some to remove them, who thereby suffered
hypoxia.
 All airlines now make a point in the safety video or demonstration to point out that
the bag may not inflate. The bag is attached to a tube, connected to the oxygen
source in the compartment, allowing for it to drop down and hang in front of the
passengers. To operate on all aircraft except the L-1011, they must be pulled sharply
toward the passenger who needs it to un-clip the flow pin and start the process of
transporting the oxygen to the passenger.
 Passenger oxygen masks cannot deliver enough oxygen for sustained periods at
high altitudes. This is why the flight crew needs to place the aircraft in a controlled
emergency descent to a lower altitude where it is possible to breathe without
emergency oxygen. While the masks are being used, passengers are not allowed to
leave their seat for any reason until it is safe to breathe without the emergency
oxygen. If there is a fire on board the aircraft, masks are not deployed, as the
production of oxygen may further fuel the fire.

14. Evacuation Slide
 An evacuation slide is an inflatable slide used to evacuate an aircraft quickly.
An escape slide is required on all commercial (passenger carrying) aircraft
where the door sill height is such that, in the event of an evacuation,
passengers would be unable to "step down" from the door uninjured
(Federal Aviation Administration requires slides on all aircraft doors where
the floor is 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above the ground).
 Escape slides are packed and held within the door structure inside the slide
bustle, a protruding part of the inside of an aircraft door that varies in size
depending on both the size of the aircraft and the size of the door.
 Many, but not all slides are also designed to double as life rafts in case of
a water landing.

15. Emergency Exit
 In aircraft terms, an "exit" is any one of the main doors (entry doors on the port
side of the aircraft and service doors on the starboard side) and an "emergency
exit" is defined as a door that is only ever used in an emergency (such
as overawing exits and permanently armed exits). Passengers seated in exit
rows may be called upon to assist and open exits in the event of an emergency.
 The number and type of exits on an aircraft is regulated through strict rules
within the industry, and is based on whether the aircraft is single or twin-aisled;
the maximum passenger load; and the maximum distance from a seat to an exit.
The goal of these regulations is to make possible the evacuation of an airliner's
designed maximum occupancy of passengers and crew within 90 seconds even if
half of the available exits are blocked.
 Any aircraft where the emergency exit door sill height is above that which would
make unaided escape possible is fitted with an automatic inflatable evacuation
slide, which allows occupants to slide to the ground safely.

16. Cockpit
 A cockpit or flight deck is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from
which a pilot controls the aircraft. Most modern cockpits are enclosed, except
on some small aircraft, and cockpits on large airliners are also physically
separated from the cabin. From the cockpit an aircraft is controlled on the
ground and in the air.
 Cockpit as a term for the pilot's compartment in an aircraft first appeared in
1914. From about 1935 cockpit also came to be used informally to refer to the
driver's seat of a car, especially a high performance one, and this is official
terminology in Formula One. The term is most likely related to the sailing
term for the coxswain's station in a Royal Navy ship, and later the location of
the ship's rudder controls

17.  The cockpit of an aircraft contains flight instruments on an instrument panel,
and the controls which enable the pilot to fly the aircraft. In most airliners, a
door separates the cockpit from the passenger compartment. After
the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, all major airlines fortified the
cockpit against access by hijackers.
 On an airliner, the cockpit is usually referred to as the flight deck. This term
derives from its use by the RAF for the separate, upper platform where the
pilot and co-pilot sat in large flying boats.

18. Cargo
 Cargo airlines (or airfreight carriers, and derivatives of these names)
are airlines dedicated to the transport of cargo. Some cargo airlines are
divisions or subsidiaries of larger passenger airlines.
 Air transport is a vital component of many
international logistics networks, essential to managing and controlling the
flow of goods, energy, information and other resources like products,
services, and people, from the source of production to the marketplace. It is
difficult or nearly impossible to accomplish any international trading, global
export/import processes, international repositioning of raw
materials/products and manufacturing without a professional logistical
support. It involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory,
warehousing, material handling, and packaging. The operating responsibility
of logistics is the geographical repositioning of raw materials, work in
process, and finished inventories where required at the lowest cost possible.

21. Contribution
 Low cost airlines made it possible for middle class
people also to travel by air. Because of this fact the number of people
traveling by airlines increased .The low cost airlines showed by their success
that the most important need of a passenger is a seat in which he can travel.
The low cost airlines helps to save money in turn of less facilities. Passenger
traffic load asked for the active participation of more airline companies and
Because of less cost people prefer air journey above tiresome land journey
across the country. This also has forced outworked railway system and forced
to improve the efficiency and control facilities
 Low cost airlines has bring about the dream of the
ordinary man to fly. This has attracted more passengers and thereby brought
more income. Because of competition the airlines try to improve the standard
of the customer care and hence this has brought growth in the aviation
industry. This also helps to improve the economy of the country.

22.  As you all know that India is famous for tourism there
are many things to see like historic places, Indian culture, temples. So many
people comes to India to see this places due to domestic airlines. Low cost
airlines has enhanced the efficiency and reduced the cost for Productive
business activities this include small and large business able o interact and
conclude business transactions and deals and deals have increased. Airlines
has significantly eased the transport bottle necks for tourist business and
trade travelers as well as other travelers like doctors engineers and patients.
 The monopoly exploitation of the passengers by
public sector Air India and Indian airlines has been largely stopped by private
airlines . The growth in the air line industry also invites more investments.
This also helps efficient young men and women to gain jobs and thus helps
to reduce unemployment.

23.  There will be jobs in sectors like ticketing agencies , air traffic , airline food
supplies and airline staff training. Institutions etc. there is a discernible
attitude to please the people so the quality of service improves air travel is
affordable encourages large cross section of society to fly this improves the
aviation industry and there by the economy of the country.

25. Cabin Crew’s daily duties & Responsibilities
 As a cabin by working day will be a long and work some
one. Today my flight is from Charles De Gaulle Paris International air port to
London Heathrow Airport ,and it will start at seven so the day starts at 3 . A
cabin crew should reach the airport 3 hours prior to the flight .
 Pre – flight duties
 Attending the pre-flight briefing ,during which air cabin crew are assigned
heir working positions for the upcoming flight. (crew is also informed flight
details the schedule and if there are passengers with any special
requirements , people having diabetics and passengers on wheel chairs and
infants on board

26.  Carrying out preflight works including checking of the safety equipment
, ensuring that information in the seat is up to date and that all meals and
stocks are on board. Check the cleanliness of the toilet and here is required
stock of tissue papers and towels . There should be a fast uniform check also.
 In flight
 Welcome passengers on board and directing them to the seats.
informing the passengers aircraft safety procedures and ensuring that all hand
luggage is securely stored away.
 Checking all passenger seat belts and galleys and secure prior to take off.
 Making announcements on behalf of the pilot and answering passenger
questions during flight. Serving meals and refreshments to passengers.

27.  Selling duty-free goods and advising passengers of any allowance restrictions
in force at their destinations.
 Reassuring passengers and ensuring that they follow safety procedures
correctly in emergency situations giving first aid to passengers where
necessary.
 Ensuring passengers disembark safely at the end of the flight and checking
that there is no luggage left in the overhead lockers. Completing paper work
including flight report and accounting money.
 Restocking the food and toilet papers and tissues
 After that take a trip back to France.

28. How will You request a Doctor on
Board?
 Ans: “Your kind attention ladies and gentlemen, if there is Doctor
present among you kindly identify yourself to one of the cabin crew. Thank
You.”

30. What qualities should a cabin crew posses to be an
efficient cabin crew. Evaluate how you would use these
qualities to fulfill your responsibilities on board
 Communication Skills
 Positive Attitude
 Excellent Interpersonal Skills
 Genuine interest to help others
 Ability work under pressure
 Ability to stay calm
 Confidence
 Courteous
 Patient
 Adaptable

31.  Empathy
 Pleasing personality
 Friendly Nature
 Smart and Efficient
 Good Mannerism

32.  Cabin crew is considered as the brand ambassador of an
airline. So the name of an airline is vested in the hands of a cabin crew. He/she
is doing service to the to the passengers . So their attitude should service based
and should posses the above qualities . So that They can be liked by everyone.
With this qualities I will be able to carryout my tasks understand others
problems and take proper decision in emergency situation.

34. Special Handling Passengers
 In today’s age of competition & ‘cut-throatism’ sin the Aviation industry, all
airlines set out to give a very high standard of service to their passengers to
retain their custom & loyalty. But amongst these passengers are a few who
need a little extra attention because of their age, physical situation or their
‘status’. But by giving this ‘extra’ a cabin crew cannot afford to do any ‘less’ for
the other passengers.
 In all these special cases the ground staff ‘hands- over’ these passengers
verbally as well as with all the requisite documentation

35. * V.V.I.Ps & V.I.Ps
 C.I.P- Commercial Important Persons
 UMMs- Unaccompanied minors
 Infirm & Invalid Passengers
 Mentally challenged passengers
 Expectant mothers
 Mothers with infants & small children
 Deportees

36. Infirm & Invalid Passengers
Wheelchair pax
 Few passengers need that extra attention as they are physically handicapped
or are suffering from or recovering from a serious illness.
 In such cases:
 The passenger is boarded first & deplaned last. Often classified as a
“wheelchair” passenger on the PIL [passenger information list], he/she is
handed over to the crew in whose zone he/she is seated.
 Seriously ill passengers are often accompanied by a relative or a medical
personnel like a doctor or a nurse.
 They are seated to the toilet. Many airlines have a specially designated
“handicap toilet” – one that is designed with extra amenities to help such
passengers.

37.  Their diet should be checked as soon as possible as very often they have a
special diet uplifted that has to be served to them before the other passengers
in the zone.
 They should be given full assistance throughout the flight till they deplane
from the aircraft.

38. Analyze the above emergency equipment
under the following headings:
Name of the Parts of Pre-flight checks Usage of emergency equipment
emergency emergency of the
equipment Equipments emergency
equipment
Megaphone Push to talk In correct Used for crowd control
button location Remove from location, sling on
Sling Secured with your shoulder, hold the handle,
Speaker straps keep the speaker in front of the
Handle Press the ‘push mouth, press the push to talk
talk button ’to button , hold it upright and speak
hear a click loud and clear.
sound to make
sure the battery
is full

39. Life vest ( yellow for Upper and lower PASSENGER SEAT Used during ditching
passengers and chamber ,2 red : random check Put on the jacket
orange for crew ) automatic inflation under the passenger over the head and
tags on the sides to seat for availability tighten he straps
the inflate jacket and spare life tightly around the
Light that come on jackets on overhead waist, pull the red
automatically when compartments automatic inflation
in contact with salt CREW : tags just before
water and stays on In correct location stepping out of the
for next 48 hours, aircraft , if I fails to
Strap to tighten Count the number
inflate use the red
around the waist manual tubes to
Long lanyard in blow air in to it.
infant lifejacket to be
tied in adult life
jacket.

40. Portable oxygen O2 bottle with sling In correct location Remove from location
cylinder attached to it and sling it on your
Secured with straps
shoulder, attach the o2
Pressure gauge Needle on the mask to the cylinder,
Mask with cord pressure gauge release the o2 by
attached to it should be in the rotating the knob
Rotating knob to green zone not in clockwise, check the
the red zone o2 flow by pinching the
release oxygen
base of the mask to
Mask should be see it inflate or check
available the red indicator
moving on the cord,
after confirming the o2
flow put the mask on
the casualty, never
leave the casualty
unattended and always
be ready with the back
up bottle

41. First aid kit Doctors certificate In correct location Remove from the
Wire seal Secured with straps location and bring near
the casualty , break
Doctors certificate the yellow seal and
intact and not torn open the box, give the
Expiry date (6 months appropriate
) medication, remove he
form and fill up the
Yellow plastic seal following
intact ( not red seal ) 1. Name of the
The number on the casualty
seal must be same as 2. his/her seat number
the number on the 3. Destination
certificate 4. Casualties medical
problem and the
medication used
5. Crew name
6. I D number

42. Doctors certificate In correct location Keep one copy with
Secured with straps you give another to
the chief and leave
the main sheet back
in to the box
Finally close and
seal it with red seal
and secure it back in
the location.
In case of medical
emergency on board
for a qualified
medical practitioner
on board

43. Wire seal Doctors certificate Check his or her
intact and not torn credential
Physicians kit
Expiry date (6 Remove the kit from
the Location and hand
months )
it over to the doctor ,
Yellow plastic seal doctor will check the
intact ( not red seal ) casualty and give
The number on the appropriate
medication, 1. Name of
seal must be same
the casualty
as the number on
his/her seat number
the certificate
Destination, casualties
medical problem and
the medication used by
the doctor , doctors
name and I D number ,
doctors signature,
Crew name, I D
number, Red plastic
seal number (available
in the box )
Crew signature,
Keep one copy with
you give another to the
chief and leave the

44. Halon fire Red bottle In correct location Remove fro location,
extinguisher Strap to secure Secured with straps point the nozzle at
Pressure gauge Needle on pressure the base of the fire,
gauge should be remove the safety
Safety pin pin, squeeze he
Handle between 1500 and
2000 PSI trigger for the
Trigger content to release
Safety pin intact ,fight the fire n
Nozzle
Check expiry date. sweeping motion
and from a safe
distance of about 8
to 10 feet, call for
back up, monitor for
recognition , inform
the flight deck crew.

45. Water fire Green bottle In correct location Remove fro location,
extinguisher Strap to secure Secured with straps point the nozzle at
Nozzle Wire seal is intact the base of the fire,
break the wire seal ,
Wire seal Check expiry date rotate the handle for
Rotating handle to content to release,
release oxygen fight the fire n
Expiry date sweeping motion
and from a safe
distance of about 8
to 10 feet, call for
back up, monitor for
recognition , inform
the flight deck crew

46. Portable radio Antenna In correct location Send signals to
beacon Lanyard Secured with straps research and rescue
plastic cover team,
Battery 1 . Ditching
Remove from
location and take it
with you while
exiting from the
aircraft, erect the
antenna , untie the
lanyard and tie it to
your raft, throw the
beacon in to the
water, the beacon is
designed to float in
upright position in
water . When the
battery comes in
contact with the salt
water, it activates
automatically and
sends signals up to
48 hours.

47. 2 . Crash landing
Remove from
location and take it
with you while
exiting from the
aircraft, erect the
antenna, untie the
lanyard to find a
plastic cover, fill with
salt water and
immerse the beacon
to send signals.
(remember to keep
the antenna in the
upright position and
close to the camp).

48. Fire axe Handle Check if it is the Used in case of fire
Hook and location or during survival
Blade (usually in the incase of a crash
cockpit) Hold the handle and
use the hook end to
make hole and the
blade to hack or cut.

49. Asbestos gloves Check if it is the Used in case fire in
location the cabin
(usually in the It protects the hands
cockpit) from extreme heat.
Smoke goggles Check if it is the Used in case of
location smoke in the cabin
(usually in the to protect your eyes.
cockpit)
Manual release key Check if it is the To open PSU and
location release oxygen
(usually under crew masks, if it doesn’t
seat ) open automatically
in case of
decompression.

51. Heart Attack On Plane
 Disease of the heart and blood vessels. Many symptoms may be associated
with a heart attack, and prompt medical attention may make the difference
in damage to the heart muscle. All aircrew are trained to handle such
situation during their Training.

52.  Symptoms:
 Tightness in the chest
 Squeezing type chest pain
 Heavy feeling on the chest
 Aching in the shoulder, neck, arms or jaw
 Nausea and/or vomiting
 Shortness of breath
 Weakness and profuse sweating
 Indigestion

53.  First Aid:
 Ask victim if he has medication and assist him in taking it. Heart patient
should have nitroglycerin pills, a nitroglycerin patch, or nitroglycerin spray.
The pills are to be placed under the tongue. The patch should be placed on a
hairless part of the upper body. The spray should also go under the tongue.
 Reassure him and don't mention the words "heart attack".
 Administer oxygen.
 Loosen tight clothing.
 Get medical attention as soon as possible.
 Note time and length of attack and time between attacks if more than one.
 If breathing stops, begin Rescue Breathing.
 If breathing and pulse stop, begin CPR.

55. Critically analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the current
scenario of the aviation industry. Your presentation should conclude wit
the comparison of the old technology (airbus 300 ) and new technology
(airbus 380 )
 ADVANTAGES:
 Growth and opportunities for pilots .
 Growth in service sectors.
 More fat salary packets.
 Everyone can afford to fly.
 Better International airports are coming up.
 (this is while inflation is under control and oil prices Are under control.)

56. Disadvantages
(As soon as the oil prices increases inflation rates goes up)
 All new pilots will lost their jobs
 All new pilots will loose the money spend on their training
 All big airlines has o merge to make profits.
 Air tickets will not be affordable .
 No new aircrafts will be purchased.
 As a result European manufactures will suffer

57. Airbus 300
 Airbus 300 is a wide bodied jet airliner. It was introduced in 1972
.the airbus A 300 was world’s first twin engine It had 216 seats in a two class
layout with a maximum range of 4,070, nautical miles. Capable of carrying full
passengers without penalty from high altitude airports like Denver.
 Latest concord technology was introduced in it . Advanced
dynamically efficient flight controls . 222 m wide fuselage Section for 8
passenger seating and wide enough for 2LD3 cargo structure. Shear window
protection . Electrically controlled brake system. Consumed 30 % less fuel.

58. Airbus 380
 Airbus 380 is a wide bodied four engine jet airliner. It is the largest
airline in the world. The upper deck extends the entire length and the cabin is
5,146 sq . It can carry 535 passengers . It can carry 10 tones of cargo . 65% less
engine noise. The engine is far away from the upper deck so noise dissipates.
 Maximum take weight is 650 tones. It has an easy to manage
system instead of three multifunctional display display units. The aluminum
lamination is lighter and it resists impact and corrosion . 350 bar hydraulic bar
instead of typical 210 bar . Reduced travel fatigue. Better Pressurization and less
fuel usage.

59. Thank You…….