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Route Selection and Navigation
Direction Determination
North ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],True North Magnetic North Grid North
True North ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Magnetic North ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Isogonics chart http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Poles/DI81.htm The  Agonic Line  is the line of zero degree variation  Declination angle
Magnetic declination ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],MAGNETIC NORTH TRUE NORTH GRID NORTH
Grid North ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of compass ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Direction Designation
Types of Azimuth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Azimuths (cont.) ,[object Object],5 46 000m E 38 18 000m N 19 20 22 21 23 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 GN
Orthodrome A great circles arc that is casted between two points on a surface of a sphere. Is the shortest geodetic connecting line between two points on a sphere.
Measuring an Azimuth Protractors
Measuring an Azimuth Compasses Magnetic Lensatic Compass (Military Type) Silva Polaris Compass (Civilian Orienteering)
Direction - Some Examples Where is north on this map? Where is north on this map?
Position Determination ,[object Object]
Resection method ,[object Object],[object Object],http://www.map-reading.com/resect.php
Nautical Charts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Buoys - floating objects that are anchored to the bottom.  Beacons -Which are structures that are permanently fixed to the sea-bed or land.  http://www.boatus.org/onlinecourse/ReviewPages/BoatUSF/Project/info5d.htm
Nautical Charts
Symbols used in Nautical Charts
Position Determination ,[object Object],[object Object]
Position Determination ,[object Object],[object Object]
LORAN (LOng RAnge Navigation) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Global Positioning System ,[object Object]
Aeronautical charts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aeronautical charts
World Aeronautical Charts
Sectional Aeronautical Chart
Terminal Area Charts
Helicopter Route Charts

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