1. Legacies of Globalization in
Canada
BEYOND RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS

2. The Seven Years‟ War: 1756-1763
 In your text: p. 170
 Competition between Britain and France for
resources in what-is-now Canada erupted into war in
1756
 Colonies around the world were implicated in the
war, North America, West Africa, Cuba, Philippines,
and India

3. “The First Global War”
 The involvement of so many countries and colonies
has prompted some historians to call this the first
global war.

4. Legacies of the War in North America
 Britain took over New
France, Cape Breton Island
and Florida.
 The Royal Proclamation 1763
 Britain needed to define how
their territories would be governed.

5. The Royal Proclamation 1763
 Offered land to former
British soldiers in hopes of
attracting settlers
 Limited settlement in
North America by reserving
land for First Nations –
intended to maintain peace
with FN
 Individual settlers were
prohibited from purchasing
land – only Britain could
buy land from FN

6. The Royal Proclamation 1763 Cont‟d
 Attempt to limit European settlement in Canada
failed - settlers continued to enter Canada
 Britain‟s limit on settlers, plus their mercantilist
policies are considered important causes of the
American Revolution
 For FN, the Proclamation was ground-breaking
because it recognized their land rights (some)
 The Proclamation committed Britain to make
treaties with FN – remains in effect today.

7. How Do Legacies Continue to
Affect Canada? (page 180)
Immigration is an extremely
important and highly visible legacy of
historical globalization that affects all
Canadians
•The size of the
circles on the map
represent the
proportion of
immigrants from
those regions.
Which is biggest?

8. A Cultural Mosaic
 Diversity has been a characteristic of Canadian
society since confederation, though not all
immigrants were equally welcomed
Early immigration policies were based on race, the Chinese

head tax of 1885 is evidence of this.
 By the late 1960‟s the immigration policies were
becoming more fair, and since the 1970‟s the
majority of immigrants have been visible minorities
 A 2001 census showed that 18% of Canadians were
born in another country

9. Multiculturalism & Cultural Pluralism
 Multiculturalism: an official Canadian policy
founded on the idea that Canadian society is made of
many culturally distinct groups who are free to
affirm and promote their own culture.
 CANADA COINED THIS TERM, AND IS THE FIRST
COUNTRY TO ADOPT THIS POLICY!
 The heart of Canada‟s multicultural policy is Cultural
Pluralism, the idea that people are free to maintain
their own cultural distinctions.
 How does this differ from policies in the U.S.A.?

10. Controversy – Against Multiculturalism
 May divide Canadians
 Could erode „British‟ heritage
 Attack on “Canadians”
 Will undermine Francophone culture – no special
status for Quebec
 “Has highlighted our differences rather than
diminished them, has heightened division rather
than encourage union” (Neil Bissoondath)
 Institutionalized ghetto mentality: stereotyping

11. Land Claims: A Continuing Legacy
 There were no treaties signed with First Nations in
Quebec, Yukon, NWT, or British Columbia
 This motivated FN to press the government to
recognize their rights
 As a result of their organization, two types of land
claims were recognized in 1973:
Comprehensive: in places where no land claims have been

signed
Specific: in places where treaties had been signed but

conditions have not been met

12. Land Claims Today
 Nunavut was created out of a comprehensive land
claim
 In 2007, 70 comprehensive claims were still in
progress
 Over 1000 specific claims remain unsettled
 We will investigate this more in chapter 8