PostgreSQL 9.0の新機能を紹介し、特にホット・スタンバイ・レプリケーションについて、その動作や使い方を詳しく解説します。

1. 2010 Hokkaido
http://www.ospn.jp/osc2010-do/
PostgreSQL 9.0
PostgreSQL / NTT OSS
2010.6.26
1

2. PostgreSQL 9.0
/
2

3. PostgreSQL 9.0
9.0 5
9.0.0
2 / 3
Ingress
Ingress PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL 8.1
1977
6.0
6.0
7.4
7.4
••
•2
8.3 9.0 (2010/8 )
•2
1986
1996
2000 ••
•HOT:
•HOT: •
•
2003 •VACUUM
•VACUUM
2004
•
•
•
•
POSTGRES
POSTGRES 2005
•
• //
2006
7.3
7.3 •
•
2007
2008
2009
8.0 2010
•Windows 8.2
•Windows
•• •CPU
•CPU
•• (PITR)
(PITR) •
• 8.
•• •GIN:
•GIN: Window
Window
•VACUUM
•VACUUM
• DBMS
• DBMS
3

4. PostgreSQL 9.0
1.
2. ( )
3. VACUUM FULL
1 2 3
/
LISTEN/NOTIFY /
Windows 64-bit
( URL )
http://developer.postgresql.org/pgdocs/postgres/release-9-0.html
http://lets.postgresql.jp/documents/technical/9.0/
4

5. 1.
9.0 2
•
=
= •
( )
VACUUM
/
PostgreSQL
5

6. vs.
READ WRITE READ WRITE
( v8.4)
8.4
WAL
archive_command WAL pg_standby
( 1 )
READ WRITE READ WRITE
9.0 (v9.0)
WAL
( )
wal sender WAL wal receiver
9.0
9.0
6

7. vs.
Slony-I pgpool-II
9.0 2.0 2.3
DB ( ) DB
SQL PK , DDL ※
☆ 10 10 3
( )
○
○
○
☆ ※PK= , DDL= 7

8. 2.
(UNIQUE)
“ ” “ ”
(EXCLUDE)
“ ” “ ”
GPS
8

9. CREATE TABLE placement (
&& “ ”
object text,
location box, --
EXCLUDE USING gist (location WITH &&)
);
CREATE TABLE reservation (
room text,
during period, -- { , }
EXCLUDE USING gist (room WITH =, during WITH &&)
);
gist
text gist contrib/btree_gist
period ( 9.1 )
9

10. 3. VACUUM FULL
VACUUM FULL
8.4 “ ”
→
9.0 “ ”
→
VACUUM FULL
VACUUM FULL UP
UP
VACUUM ( )
FULL
FULL
+TRUNCATE
10

11. PostgreSQL
VACUUM
VACUUM 8.4 ,
FULL 9.0 ,
CLUSTER + ,
REINDEX - ,
VACUUM
VACUUM FULL (8.4)
REINDEX
VACUUM FULL (9.0) CLUSTER REINDEX
REINDEX
11

12. +
12

13. PostgreSQL 9.0
(HS)
2
(SR)
WAL
8.0
8.3
9.0
13

14. (PG8.0)
archive_command
rsync
= cp, scp
14

15. (PG8.0)
restore_command rsync
= cp, scp
15

16. (PG8.3)
DB DB
restore_command
= pg_standby
16

17. (PG9.0)
DB DB
primary_conninfo
OK
restore_command
= cp, scp
pg_standby
17

18. SQL ( )
master/standby /
(standby master )
18

19. ( OK)
SQL
19

20. vs.
9.0
( )
( )
9.1
cf. MySQL 5.5 : Semi-Synchronous Replication
? ?
20

21. WAL
WAL ?
① pg_current_xlog_location()
WAL /
② pg_last_xlog_receive_location()
③ pg_last_xlog_replay_location()
:② ①
:③ ①
SQL
(32bit+32bit )
WAL
21

22. pg_dump
– max_standby_delay
– /
– pg_start_backup() / pg_control
22

23. 23

24. :
postgresql.conf
wal_level → hot_standby, archive_mode → on
archive_command
WAL
vacuum_defer_cleanup_age
VACUUM ?
max_wal_senders →
max_connections
wal_sender_delay
24

25. :
postgresql.conf
hot_standby → on
?
max_standby_delay = 30s
recovery.conf recovery.conf
standby_mode = ‘on’
?
off (WAL )
primary_conninfo
restore_command
WAL
trigger_file
pg_ctl stop → start
25

26. : wal_level ( )
WAL
minimal ( )
WAL
COPY TO, CREATE INDEX, CLUSTER, VACUUM FULL
8.4 archive_mode = off
archive
8.4 archive_mode = on
archive_mode
hot_standby
archive
WAL
26

27. max_standby_delay ( )
?
pg_dump
or
canceling statement due to conflict with recovery
terminating connection due to conflict with recovery
27

28. vacuum_defer_cleanup_age ( )
?
max_standby_delay
VACUUM
PostgreSQL = UPDATE, DELETE
HOT
VACUUM autovacuum HOT
28

29. max_connections :
max_prepared_xacts : XA
max_locks_per_xact :
max_connections =
+ max_wal_senders
wal_level, archive_mode, max_wal_senders
(pg_ctl reload)
29

30. 30

31. wal_level = hot_standby
archive_mode = on
EDIT $PGDATA1/postgresql.conf archive_command = 'cp %p /arclog/%f'
max_wal_senders = 1
EDIT $PGDATA1/pg_hba.conf
pg_ctl start -D $PGDATA1
SELECT pg_start_backup(‘label’) host replication postgres ::1/128 trust
rsync ( )
SELECT pg_stop_backup() rsync -av –delete
--exclude=pg_xlog --exclude=postmaster.pid
$PGDATA1/* $BACKUP/pgdata
rsync ( )
hot_standby = on
chmod -R 0700
※
mkdir $PGDATA2/pg_xlog
EDIT $PGDATA2/postgresql.conf
EDIT $PGDATA2/recovery.conf
restore_command = 'cp /arclog/%f %p'
pg_ctl start -D $PGDATA2
standby_mode = 'on'
primary_conninfo = 'host=localhost'
31

32. /
①
pg_ctl start pg_ctl start
standby_mode = ‘off’ standby_mode = ‘on’
pg_ctl stop
pg_ctl stop trigger_file
( )
②
32

33. PostgreSQL “9.0”
“ ”
“Let’s Postgres”
http://lets.postgresql.jp/documents/technical/9.0/1
SQL
=
33

34. 34

35. PostgreSQL → 9.1
9.1
SQL/MED
SQL-DB
SQL/MED PostgreSQL
SQL/MED DB
UP UP
35

36. PostgreSQL 9.0
36