1. MakokoUrban Design Toolbox
URBAN
FABULOUS

2. Index of content
New Decentralized Infrastructure
Vision
4
14
22
24
45
56
62
72
74
86
New Job Opportunities Upgrade Of The Neighborhood
Life on water
Makoko today
Conflicts in the Makoko area
Suggested upgrading
Basic relations
Challenges and approaches
Upgrading strategy
Neighborhood Hotspot
Closed-loop cycles
Key goals
Elevations
Layout plans
Solid waste center
Solid waste processing
Layout plans
Job opportunities
Opportunity cards
Tourism
Waterfront experience
Challenges found in the area
Suggested upgrade
Stilts
Slabs
Roof and wall cladding
Water harvesting system
Toilet
Home-grown food
photograph book cover: © FABULOUS URBAN
FABULOUS URBAN
Fabienne Hoelzel, founder, principal
Claudia Gonzáles García
Mélanie Jeannet
Rujun Jia
Katerina Kálalová
Saskia Niklas
Dácil Rodriguez
with David Monney
in collaboration with:
Center for Understanding Sustainable Practice at Robert
Gordon University Aberdeen (neigborhood management)
City Ridge Farms, Lagos (urban gardening)
Midori Ltd., Lagos (biogas technology)
Project financing partner:
Confédération suisse
Embassy of Switzerland in Nigeria
Project implementation partners:
Heinrich Böll Foundation
Lagos State Government
Lagos Waste Management Authority LAWMA
Makoko community
SERAC, Lagos
University of Lagos UNILAG
Urban Spaces Innovation, Lagos
Yaba Local Government, Lagos
Acknowledgment:
Christiana Honfor (Makoko community)
Henrietta Bidemi (Makoko community)
Our participation in the Venice Biennale 2014 is kindly
supported by:
SWISSLOS Kanton Aargau
Credits, actors and networks

3. Urban Design Toolbox: Tools of infrastructure
Neighborhood hotspot
Key goals
10photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN photograph: © FABULOUS URBAN

4. Life on water
4
Makoko is an unique area where people have
learned how to live with the water instead of
fighting it. Without any doubts, there are several
challenges in terms of infrastructure, hygiene,
health, and steady income, which need to be
addressed and solved. But we can as well find an
enormous potential here.
Life on water:
transport – boats provide a fully working
transport system even during summer rains
(increased lagoon level)
business on water – floating market: selling
and buying goods
fishing and fish processing
skilled carpenters – production of boats and
vernacular architecture on stilts
5
Houses on water
Boat construction
Mobility Transport of big loads
TradingSocial activities
photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN

5. Life on water
6
Makoko chose the second option – houses built up on stilts; a
way of construction that is:
highly flexible
low-cost
light
stable
made of locally available wood
highly and smartly adapted to the genius loci: Lagos is
built up on a swamp; 22% of its surface are wetlands.
There are basically two options when living next to the water:
Expensive dams, dikes or walls protect people and buildings. People live in coexistence with the water and the form of
housing schemes is adapted to the water.
© Drawing: FABULOUS URBAN
photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN

6. Life on water
Flexibility to adapt to varying and rising water levels
8
Reasons why the sea and lagoon level
could increase:
temporary summer floods: up to
1.5-2 meters
sea level rise due to the expected
climate change*
construction activity in the lagoon:
each new land fill will increase
the water level of the lagoon, i.e.
Banana Island.
*According to the recently published report by the IPCC
(Fifth Assessment report, September 2013 - October
2014), the world sea level will increase by 2.6 cm
to 9.7 cm per decade, that means sea level will increase
by 28 cm to 98 cm until 2100.
–
–
–
Makoko
Lagos, situated between the sea, various lagoons and river streams
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
9
0,6-1m
Possible approach to permanent
increase of the water level:
The stilts can be higher, consequently
the entire house will be placed higher
and will therefore be better protected
against the water.
Possible approach to adapt to
temporary floods:
The stilt construction allows for adding
another (second) floor. The latter can
be used during temporary floods (i.e.
summer rains) when it is not possible to
use the ground floor. All valuable things
can there be safe against water.
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

7. Life on water
Low-cost disaster management
10
Makoko area during floods:
The first floors of the houses are flooded
and not usable during that period.
Transportation and suggested elements
of infrastructure are still fully working.
Makoko area after floods:
The robust construction of the stilt
architecture, the lack of sensitive
infrastructure (no isolations, no pipes
or wires) and massive elements let the
Makoko houses dry quickly after the floods.
No serious or expenses damages
remain and there is no cost-intense
refurbishment.
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
Conventional Western concrete
construction during flooding:
Serious flooding makes the existing
infrastructure partly or entirely unusable
and causes heavy damages.
Conventional Western concrete
construction after flooding:
The water needs to be pumped from the
basements of the buildings and damaged
foundations and infrastructure has to be
replaced.
11
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

8. Makoko today
Average height of water level
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
Conflicts in the Makoko area
diagram: © FABULOUS URBAN
Macro: Nigeria, Africa,
worldwide
Meso: Lagos
Micro: Makoko
direction of influence
wide influence
direction of influence
moderate influence
direction of influence
thin influence
The conflicts we find in the Makoko
area may reinforce each other on
different levels:
Conflicts and area of influence
lack of jobs
lack of income
of households
climate
change
rise of sea
water level
rise of local
lagoon water
level
land reclamation
projects
(Banana
island etc.)
lack of leisure
spaces
lack of green spaces
lack of
infrastructure
polluted
environment
insufficient
quality of houses
uncomfortable
neighborhood
13

9. Makoko after suggested upgrading
Average height of water level
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
The suggested decentralized
infrastructure will not only create a
better neighborhood but create new
job opportunities. The additional
income allows people to upgrade
their houses themselves. The two
measures together will create in
the mid and long term a better
neighborhood for everybody.
new decentralized
infrastructure
new job
opportunities
$
upgrade of the
neighborhood
Three basic upgrade tools
Basic relations
15

10. Makoko after the suggested upgrade and the
implementation of the decentralized infrastructure
Average height of water level
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
URBAN
FABULOUS

11. Micro: Makoko
better quality of the houses
additional income for
households
cleaner environment
more effective fish
processing through
suggested fish ponds
diagram: © FABULOUS URBAN
new job opportunities
new infrastructure:
- Neighborhood Hotspots
- solid waste centers
- new public spaces
tourism potential
$ $ $
Challenges and approaches
19
Macro: Nigeria
Africa
worldwide
Meso: Lagos State
direction of
influence
local approach is
possible
local approach is
partly possible
showcase/ role
model
70% of the population lives in
slums. Makoko can become
a best-practice example for
other poor areas.
Makoko as showcase or
role model for other regions
in similar situations
improved health care:
suggested doctor’s room
at each Neighborhood
Hotspot
raising water level of the
Lagos Lagoon
suggested Makoko water-
front as new opportunity in
Lagos where recreational
spaces are scarce
expected global climate
change
70%

12. Urban Design Toolbox
New Decentralized Infrastructure
$

13. 22
We believe that Makoko could become a worldwide showcase
for a sustainable and flood-resilient lifestyle and way of
construction. We further suggest completing it with flexible,
low-cost, low-tech, and flood-resilient infrastructure, which in
addition will create jobs and initiate a new ressource based
micro-economy, providing waste management and renewable
energy.
The suggested infrastructure will be:
highly flexible according to the needs
low-cost and ready to implement immediately
resistant against floods and increasing water level: no
vulnerable wired and pipe system
provide new jobs and income and initiate a new local
network economy
provide electricity to the entire community
support social activities and provide new basic medical
services
environment-friendly due to decentralized energy plants
and closed-loop cycles
Suggested urban planning strategy:
Upgrading strategy
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
upgrading
redevelopment
redevelopm
ent
Masterplan of the Makoko / Iwaya
Waterfront area with the highlighted
suggested public facilities: Neighborhood
Hotspots with the renewable energy
production, floating markets, recycling
stations, schools, and walk-in clinic.
We suggest widening strategically some
of the canals for better accessibility.
00 100 500m
Masterplan
Makoko / Iwaya Waterfr
Urban Design and
Planning Practice
for Developing and
Emerging Regions
COLLABORATION
SERAC, HEINRICH BÖ
Masterplan
REVISION D
2
SCALE
1: 5000
name_of_file
140302_MAK_masterpl
new interventions
housing ( social h
middle price segm
hospital and rese
related diseases
eco-hotel
beach houses
schools
On land:
Redevelopment approach
new interventions
neighbourhood h
renewable energ
recycling stations
walk-in clinic (cas
schools
On water:
Upgrading approach
Masterplan
23
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

14. Makoko masterplan Situation: neighborhood hotspot
new interventions:
housing ( social housing and market
middle price segment housing)
hospital and research center for water
related diseases
eco-hotel
beach houses
schools
On land:
Redevelopment approach
new interventions:
neighbourhood hotspots with
renewable energy production
recycling stations
walk-in clinic
(casualty or emergency clinic)
schools
Neigborhood Hotspot area of influence
Makoko houses on stilts
On water:
Upgrading approach
24
Neighborhood Hotspot
Pilot implementation
Neighborhood Hotspot:
Area of influence/ served households
Makoko houses on stilts
Makoko / Iwaya Waterfront Regeneration Plan
Urban Design and
Planning Practice
for Developing and
Emerging Regions
COLLABORATION
SERAC, HEINRICH BÖLL STIFTUNG
Masterplan
REVISION DATE PLAN NR.
2
SCALE N
1: 5000
name_of_file
140302_MAK_masterplan
new interventions:
housing ( social housing and market
middle price segment housing)
hospital and research center for water
related diseases
eco-hotel
beach houses
schools
On land:
Redevelopment approach
new interventions:
neighbourhood hotspots with
renewable energy production
recycling stations
walk-in clinic (casualty or emergency clinic)
schools
On water:
Upgrading approach
Flexible decentralized
infrastructure can be provided
by a network of shared facilities
called “Neighborhood Hotspots”.
These small community centers
in different parts of Makoko
contain decentralized biogas
plants and serve as waste
business incubator.
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
URBAN
FABULOUS

15. URBAN
FABULOUS
2762
3453
8004
231
800
imported food
locally produced food
community food production
certified Emission Reductions
organicw
aste
degradab
lewastes
ferti
lizer
tomato,
pepper
lo
c. prod. food
fertilizer
fertilizer
tomato,pepper
bio
gas
biogas
el
ectricity
battery
biogas
biogas
electri
city
electricity
electricity
electricity
toiletbags
humanwaste
com. food prod. biogas
plant
+ -
0
800
imported food
locally produced food
community food production
organic and human waste
community food production
Existing situation of organic and human waste disposal Suggested closed-loop cycles of organic and human waste
The Neighbourhood Hotspots with their attached biogas plants function as
business incubators, knowledge centers and “brains” of the new organic
waste economy. They are owned and organized by the biogas cooperative.
The Neighborhood Hotspot network will provide income, increase the
standard of living of the Makoko community and create a more healthy
environment.
Today, all organic waste is released directly
into the lagoon without any treatment
whatsoever.
The suggested network of Neighborhood
Hotspots and recycling centers is able
to provide the urgently needed waste
management, completed by socio-economic
opportunities.
value losses for the Makoko community
value added chain within the Makoko community
product flow
number of created jobs
cash flow
products
processing
location
Neighborhood Hotspot
Closed-loop cycles
diagrams: © FABULOUS URBAN

16. The waste is taken to the nearest biogas
plant (Neighborhood Hotspot) and stored
in floating biogas digester bags.
Organic waste picking and biogas production
Waste pickers collect organic waste directly
at the households, toilet facilities and with the
fish processors.
Collected waste:
human waste
fish waste
kitchen waste
plant waste
28
Neighborhood Hotspot
Key goals: biogas production
URBAN
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URBAN
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Pure sunlight will convert the organic
waste into biogas and fertilizer.
The biogas is converted into electricity
and distributed through rechargeable
car or solar batteries to the Makoko
community.
Rechargeable
29

17. Neighborhood Hotspot
Key goals
30
Biogas cooking
The biogas can be used for cooking. The Hotspot is due
to this community-center character a great place for
community biogas cooking with a small restaurant.
Waste upcycling
New handmade products can be created from collected
plastic and paper waste. They can be sold at markets or
in shopping windows in hotels in Lagos to tourists.
Rain water harvesting system
Rain water is collected, filtrated and stored for different
purposes.
Sanitary facilities
Locals can use against a small fee comfortable toilets
and showers in the Hotspot. The human waste from the
toilets is used for the biogas production; the water for
the showers is collected rain water.
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Urban gardening
The fertilizer, the byproduct of the biogas plant will be
used to grow food. The gardening knowledge transfer
will take place at the Hotspot.
Professional health care
There is a fully equipped doctor’s room at each Hotspot,
operated in collaboration with a medical foundation and
newly trained community members (nurses).
Empowering girls and women
Especially girls should be empowered through basic
education on health care and contraception. The idea
is further to provide a small library and a few shared
computers in a multi-purpose room.
31
URBAN
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URBAN
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18. increased water level by 1m
normal water level
lagoon water
unstable ground
solid ground
Floor plan: first floor
Elevation: east
increased water level by 1 m
normal water level
unstable ground
lagoon water
solid ground
0 1 5 10 m
0.1 biogas digester bags
0.2 biogas storage bags
0.3 fertilizer storage
0.4 floating decks
1.1 restaurant
1.2 battery kiosk
1.3 biogas fridge
1.4 biogas kitchen
1.5 upcycling workshop
1.6 rainwater storage
1.7 bathroom ladies
1.8 bathroom gentlemen
Neighborhood Hotspot
Elevation
32
The Neighborhood Hotspot includes two main
functions: biogas plant and shared facilities.
Boats with biogas digester bags (biogas plant): Access
to the boats is ensured by floating decks. Both, boats
and access decks adapt at any time to the water level.
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
The robust two-floor object is built up on stilts,
following the local architecture tradition.
The stilts protude 1.6 meter above today’s normal
water level, that is why the Hotspot is not threatened
by increasing water level. The robust structure would
nevertheless allow for temporary flooding.
Neighborhood Hotspot
Elevation
33
increased water level by 1m
normal water level
lagoon water
unstable ground
solid ground
Elevation: south
increased water level by 1 m
normal water level
unstable ground
lagoon water
solid ground
0 1 5 10 m
2.1 waiting room/
multi-purpose room
2.2 biogas technology
2.3 doctor’s office
2.4 study room/
community room
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

19. URBAN
FABULOUS
increased water level by 1 m
normal water level
unstable ground
lagoon water
solid ground
2.1 waiting room/
multi-purpose room
2.2 biogas technology
2.3 doctor’s office
2.4 study room/
community room
Floor plan: first floor
Elevation: east
increased water level by 1 m
normal water level
unstable ground
lagoon water
solid ground
0 1 5 10 m
0.1 biogas digester bags
0.2 biogas storage bags
0.3 fertilizer storage
0.4 floating decks
1.1 restaurant
1.2 battery kiosk
1.3 biogas fridge
1.4 biogas kitchen
1.5 upcycling workshop
1.6 rainwater storage
1.7 bathroom ladies
1.8 bathroom gentlemen
Floor plan: second floor
2.1 waiting room/
hanging gardens
2.2 biogas technology
2.3 doctor’s room
2.4 study room/
community room
2.1
2.2
2.4 2.3
1.2
1.1
0.2 0.2
0.30.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.4 0 5 10m
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.5
1.3
Floor plan: first floor
0.1 digester bag
0.2 biogas bag
0.3 fertilizer storage
0.4 floating decks
1.1 restaurant
1.2 battery kiosk
1.3 biogas kitchen
1.4 upcycling workshop
1.5 rainwater storage
1.6 bathroom gentlemen
1.7 bathroom ladies
Neighborhood Hotspot
Layout plans
35
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

20. URBAN
FABULOUS
Neighborhood Hotspot
Return of investment
37
=
The operation of the Neighborhood
Hotspots is provided by a biogas
cooperative.
The cooperative pays each worker
the same monthly salary of 18,000
Naira (minimum wage).The rest will be
saved in a fund for reinvestment and
maintenance.
earnings
savings of the cooperative
income of the workers
36 months
selling water
80,000 N
cooking fee
45,000 N
selling toilet bags
264,000 N
charging batteries
510,000 N
biogas cooking
entrepreneur
18,000 N
biogas entrepreneur
18,000 N
toilet entrepreneur
18,000 N
waste picker
18,000 N
biogas cooperative
16,703,100 N investment costs
of entire hotspot

21. public toilet
urban gardening
rainwater
harvesting
organic waste
picking
biogas cooking
public toilet
urban gardening
rainwater
harvesting
organic waste
picking
biogas cooking
public toilet
urban gardening
rainwater
harvesting
organic waste
picking
biogas cooking
Neighborhood Hotspot
study room, multi-
purpose space
neighborhood
management
urban gardening
rain water
harvesting
biogas cooking
biogas kiosk
public toilet
organic waste
picking
household toilet
households food businesses
biogas cooperative = 18,000 N/worker
health facility
infrastructure/ technology
capacity building/ education
individuals/ businesses within the
community
Neighborhood Hotspot
cash flow outside of the biogas
cooperative
cash flow within the biogas cooperative
38
Neighborhood Hotspot
Cash flow
URBAN
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22. Neighborhood Hotspot
Product flow
40
public toilet
urban gardening
rainwater
harvesting
organic waste
picking
biogas cooking
public toilet
urban gardening
rainwater
harvesting
organic waste
picking
biogas cooking
public toilet
urban gardening
rainwater
harvesting
organic waste
picking
biogas cooking
Neighborhood Hotspot
study room, multi-
purpose space
neighborhood
management
urban gardening
rain water
harvesting biogas cooking
biogas kiosk
public toilet
organic waste
picking
household toilet
households food businesses
biogas cooperative
health facility
infrastructure/ technology
capacity building/ education
individuals/ businesses within the
community
Neighborhood Hotspot
related to organic waste
related to electricity
related to water
related to fertilizer
URBAN
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23. URBAN
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24. 45
0 1 5 m
Solid waste center
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

25. 00 100 500m
Masterplan
Makoko / Iwaya Waterfront Regeneration Plan
Urban Design and
Planning Practice
for Developing and
Emerging Regions
COLLABORATION
SERAC, HEINRICH BÖLL STIFTUNG
Masterplan
REVISION DATE PLAN NR.
2
SCALE N
1: 5000
name_of_file
140302_MAK_masterplan
new interventions:
housing ( social housing and market
middle price segment housing)
hospital and research center for water
related diseases
eco-hotel
beach houses
schools
On land:
Redevelopment approach
new interventions:
neighbourhood hotspots with
renewable energy production
recycling stations
walk-in clinic (casualty or emergency clinic)
schools
On water:
Upgrading approach
Solid waste economy
46
Another part of the flexible infrastructure are
the solid waste recycling centers.
They ensure:
collection of the solid waste
processing of the solid waste
selling of the processed waste
We suggest the implementation of two solid
waste centers. According to our calculations,
their capacity would ensure the processing
of today’s solid waste production in the
neighborhood.
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
The new solid waste economy provides:
income
new job opportunities for locals
cleaner, more livable
environment
Solid waste picking
The solid waste is collected every three days directly
at the households. The pickers use canoes for that
activity.
Collected waste:
PET bottles
aluminium cans
LPDE sachets
plastic products
glass bottles
cardboard
textiles
The solid waste picking and processing is secured
and operated by the solid waste cooperative, which
also runs the recycling centers.
47
URBAN
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26. Solid waste center
Solid waste processing
Solid waste is sorted by the processors
at the recycling center. In the beginning,
the waste is sorted and washed. Later,
there would be investment in processing
machines (shredding, granuling etc.).
The sorted and processed waste is sold to
companies such as LAWMA and private
companies like Coca-Cola. Processed
waste gets higher selling prices.
The solid waste containes no organic
elements, so it does not smell and
workers need no veil to their faces. The
use of gloves is necessary.
Processed waste:
PET bottles
aluminium cans
LPDE sachets
textiles
plastic products
glass bottles
cardboard
At first, we suggest building one solid
waste center. A second center will be
opened as soon as the solid waste
cooperative has learned to manage the
center. More centers may be needed
due to increased weath and tourism
activities.
Once the cooperative will have stable
income, the waste washing machines
and other waste processing machines
can be bought.
Storage Sorting Crushing Bales storage
Solid waste recycling center - processing of the waste:
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
URBAN
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27. Solid waste center
Layout plan
50
The solid waste center has one floor only and is
built on a modular grid 2.4 meters by 2.4 meters.
Used materials are local wood, bamboo sticks,
and MDF panels.
The space is divided into three parts;
functionally, spatially, structurally:
1 Service line
2 Water line
3 Process line
2
1
3
1.1 reception
1.2 rainwater storage
1.3 toilets
1.4 changing rooms, showers
3.5 waste storage
3.6 waste processing
3.7 big bins with sorted waste
3.8 crushing area
3.9 storage of processed waste
1.1
3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9
1.2 1.3 1.41.4
0 1 5 m
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
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28. URBAN
FABULOUS
0
Imported items
Nationally produced items
Non-organic waste
24
20
10
Sortedand
processedwaste
Sortedwaste
Sorted
waste
Processed waste
Non-organic waste
Sorted
waste
Processed waste
New products
Sortedwaste
Certified Emission Reductions
Imported items
Nationally produced items
New products
New products
New products
New products
New products
Existing situation of solid waste disposal Suggested closed-loop cycles of solid waste
Solid (non-organic) waste is collected, sorted and processed. After that
solid waste is sold to LAWMA company (and to other companies), where
it is recycled.
This process will provide income, increase the standard of living of the
Makoko community and create a more healthy environment.
value added chain within the Makoko community
product flow
number of created jobs
cash flow
products
processing
place
Today, all solid waste is released directly
into the lagoon without any treatment
whatsoever.
The suggested network of solid waste
recycling centers is able to provide
the badly needed waste management,
completed by socio-economic
opportunities.
Solid waste center
Closed-loop cycles
diagrams: © FABULOUS URBAN
value losses for the Makoko community

29. Urban Design Toolbox
New Job Opportunities
$

30. diagram: © FABULOUS URBAN
amount
of jobs
18,000 N minimum wage
monthly
income/ person
Today, 40% of the Makoko
community lives below poverty line
(on less than 1.25 US$/ day) and
almost no-one is able to secure their
livelihoods.*
*Data based on field research Makoko April 2013 and
Rosemary Omoayena Yadua, Determinants of Urban
Housing for the Poor, 2009)
Job opportunities in Makoko
Current job situation
56
+ -
Job situation after implementation of the waste economy and other suggested opportunities:
existing jobs
transformed jobs
new jobs through the
suggested waste economy
target area
amount
of jobs
18,000 N minimum wage
The aim of the Makoko economic
development plan is to create new job
opportunities trough the new waste
economy and improved existing job
opportunities.
It is a declared goal that all these jobs
generate a salary above 18,000 Naira.*
All our calculations on the amount of
jobs, on turnover, benefit, and hence
re-investment are based on this value.
*Minimum wage in Nigeria according to the EFInA
(Enhancing Financial Innovation & Access)
Job opportunities in Makoko
New opportunities
diagram: © FABULOUS URBAN 57
monthly
income/ person

31. Opportunity cards
58
Social business opportunities
impact oriented
Pro-profit business opportunities
market oriented
Organic waste economy *new* Leisure and tourism *new*
Fishing and fish processing
existing, improved
Urban manufacturing
existing, improved
Market and trading
existing, improved
Solid waste economy *new*
photographs and visualizations: © FABULOUS URBAN
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FABULOUS

32. 61
Social businessSolid waste picking
Makoko / Iwaya Waterfront Regeneration Plan
Urban Design and
Planning Practice
for Developing and
Emerging Regions
COLLABORATION
SERAC, HEINRICH BÖLL STIFTUNG
Masterplan
REVISION DATE PLAN NR.
SCALE N
1: 5000
name_of_file
130815_MAK_masterplan
new interventions:
housing ( social housing and market
middle price segment housing)
hospital and research center for water
related diseases
eco-hotel
On land:
Redevelopment approach
new interventions:
neighbourhood hotspots with
renewable energy production
recycling stations
On water:
Upgrading approach
draft as of Aug, 16, 2013
Possible amount of facilities: 2
Business entity: Recycling center serving half of
Makoko
Business structure: Solid waste cooperative
Owner: Solid waste cooperative
Operator: Solid waste cooperative
Served gaps:
Impact: Cleaner environment, no disposal of waste
directly into the water, jobs for locals
Target group:
Investment:3
initial [N]
further [N]
Income:4
total/month [N]
worker/month [N]
Total jobs:
Space:
minimum [m2
]
maximum [m2
]
Users/households served: 14,984 user and 1,873
households served
Social business
#pro Makoko #improving the environment #better livelihood #new micro-economic opportunities
Information:
Solid waste pickers pick every three days solid waste
directly at the household level. The waste is brought
to the recycling station where it is sorted by solid
waste processors.
Facilities:
Recycling station with space for storage and process-
ing, room for the workers, office structure with in total
around 100 m2
or more.
Minimum requirements:
Waste canoes,recycling stations, work clothes, train-
ing of the workers
Collected waste:
- PET bottles
- aluminium cans
- LDPE sachets
- glass bottles
- cardboard
- textiles
Price:1
- PET bottles 20 - 40 N/kg
- aluminium cans 120 N/kg
- LDPE sachets 30 N/kg
- glass bottles 5 N/kg
- cardboard 5 N/kg
- textiles 2 N/kg
Type of jobs created:2
- solid waste pickers
- office structure
Stakeholders:
- locals
- waste picker and management cooperative
- LAWMA
- private and public (recycling) firms
- knowledge transfer: wecyclers
Solid waste picking
Juli 2013
500,000 N = 3,090 USD
10 Mio. N = 62,500 USD
36
< 500,000 > 10 mil.
< 100,000 > 500,000
< 0.5 mil. > 1 mil.
< 18,000 > 36,000
< 100 > 200
< 50 > 100
< 50 > 100
http://www.ruralcostarica.com/
Biogas kiosk and plant
00 100
Masterplan
Social business
Biogas kiosk and plant
500m
Possible amount of facilities: 23 - 1179
Business entity: Biogas plant with 4 rubber bags (4m,
6m, 12m, 20m)
Business structure: Biogas cooperative
Owner: Biogas cooperative
Operator: Biogas cooperative
Bridged gaps:
Impact: Electricity for the locals, improving the
environment, new job opportunities
Target group:
Investment:7
initial [N]
further [N]
Income:8
total/month [N]
worker/month [N]
Total jobs:
Space:
minimum [m2
]
maximum [m2
]
Users/households served:9
Average of 176-880
people and 22-110 households each day
Social business
#improving the environment #better livelihood #new micro-economic opportunities #autonomous neighbour-
hood
Information:
Biogas plants are implemented to generate biogas
and electricity by fully using the organic (fish guts,
hoseuhold waste etc.) and human waste. The
fertilizer as a byproduct of the biogas plant is sold
and used for the production of home-grown food. The
biogas plants use decidedly low technology, requiring
only rubber bags and sunlight, which is in Lagos
available en masse. The biogas is converted into
electricity, which is distributed through recheargable
(car) batteries. With each biogas plant comes a
biogas kiosk, where people can charge the batteries
(500 Watt – basic energy consumption for two
days/household: 2 bulbs, 1 tv and 1 fan) against an
appropriate fee. Hospitals, schools, street lightning
etc. are served directly by the plant.
Facilities:
Biogas plant with biogas kiosk and 4 biogas digester
bags of 2.5m width and 4m, 6m, 12m or 20m length
on boats, a place for storage and charging of the
batteries, an office and a selling room > concept
neighborhood hotspot
Minimum requirements:
4 biogas bags, batteries, inverter, gas cleaning
equipment, generator, storage bags, work clothes,
training
Products:
– electricity
Price:
– 250 N/ charged battery
Type of jobs created:6
– biogas workers
– security
– office structure
Stakeholders:
– locals
– biogas cooperative
– biogas technology firms
Juli 2013
500,000 N = 3,090 USD
10 Mio. N = 62,500 USD
9 -15
< 500,000 > 10 mil.
< 100,000 > 500,000
< 0.5 mil. > 1 mil.
< 18,000 > 36,000
< 5 > 20
< 100 > 500
< 100 > 500
The opportunity cards explain in detail all the new job
opportunities: economically, socially, spatially. They inform
about minimal investment, minimal spatial requirements,
expected turnover, target group, new jobs, and profit.
Title of the opportunity
List of minimal
requirements, products,
estimated price, type of
jobs created, and involved
stakeholders
Suggested business
structure; info on operator,
owner, impact, and target
group
Financial aspects:
overview of
investment and
income
Other important
numbers: number of
total job positions,
required space, and
users served
Cover image: summary or
vision of the activity
Main information on activity
and description of the
general idea
Facilities needed for the
activity
Map of Makoko with possible
location(s) of activity
Opportunity cards
diagram and visualization: © FABULOUS URBAN

33. Tourism
Waterfront experience
62
The Makoko area has a great potential for tourism.
Tourists in Makoko could experience:
a different lifestyle
a boat tour trough Makoko
local and fresh fish dishes
buy handmade articles, i.e. shopping
bags from recycled materials
a night in a local accomodation on
the water
Makoko wellness
workshops
A soft, local, ecologically and socially conscious
tourism will increase the income of the Makoko
community and create new job opportunities.
Beyond waste management and sanitary facilities, as
provided by the neighborhood hotspots, additional
facilities such as simple restaurants, simple hotels and
hostels, shops etc. could be implemented with little
effort and financial investment and run by the locals.
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34. Green spaces
Wetlands
64
We suggest an entirely new waterfront
experience with wetlands, trees and
plants, fish ponds and community
gardens.
The retrofitted waterfront with wetlands
can become a new green leisure and
recreational space for entire Lagos.
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN
URBAN
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35. Wetlands, fish ponds, and upgraded Makoko on water
Master plan - zoom in Layout plan
Waterfront
66
drawings: © FABULOUS URBAN
The waste collection and processing will help to develop
a productive ecosystem with fish ponds and community
gardens, which again feeds into the tourism development.lagoon
waste water clean water
Fish ponds Agriculture Community garden
with fruit trees and
bushes
New ecosystem
Recreational and educational purposes
67drawings: © FABULOUS URBAN

36. Tourism
Analyses of target groups
68
S
E C O
Origin Strategy StrategyTarget groups
Business travelers
ECO&culture lifestyle
Socially&ECOlogically
concious travelers
S
E C O
OriginTarget groups
Nigerian Diaspora
Ex-pats
Middle/Upper-class
diagram: © FABULOUS URBAN
Tourism
Strategy map: Lagos State
Murtala Muhammed
International
Airport
Lagos Island
Victoria IslandBadagry
Apapa Port
Tin Can Port
+
Makoko as part of a holistic Lagos-wide
tourism strategy
Strategy I: Living on water
the ancient wisdom of vernacular architecture
Strategy II: Metropolitan waterfront
international architecture blends with African tradition
Strategy III: Nature-water experience
discovering the lagoon scenery of Lagos
69
Makoko
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

37. Urban Design Toolbox
Upgrade Of The Neighborhood
$

38. Challenges found in the area and suggested approach
Summary
72
General challenges:
inappropriate material of stilts, roof and wall
cladding
irregular arrangement of elements (grid etc.)
main construction is not solid and stiff enough
elements are not firmly fixed together (general
stiffness)
stilts are not regularly and accordingly
dimensioned, and they sometimes do not reach
solid ground
Possible approaches
consistent application of appropriate material:
corrugated iron, wooden boards and sticks
regular arrangement of all elements (grid,
facade etc.)
reinforcement of the main construction
elements firmly fixed together (general stiffness)
all the stilts should be dimensioned and
implemented properly
all the stilts should always reach solid ground
diagrams: © FABULOUS URBAN
Upgraded Makoko house as suggested:
Current state:
Suggested upgrade
photograph and visualization: © FABULOUS URBAN
73
URBAN
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39. The stilts must be arranged in regular grids, and all
the stilts must be identical in material and dimensions,
positioned in solid ground.
Stilts
Challenges and approaches
76
The stilts are irregular, they do not have the same
dimensions and they are made from different types of
wood. They are not arranged in a regular grid and they
are not long enough to reach solid ground nor to protect
the house from the increasing water level of the lagoon.
drawing and photograph: © FABULOUS URBAN
Stilts
Stability
Current state:
House with irregular, unequal, and
short stilts – dangerous structure
Suggestion:
House with regular, equal, and long
stilts – stable and solid construction
drawings and photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN
77

40. Stilts are not arranged regularly and the
grid dimension is random. Also, in most
cases the stilts have no regular cross-
section area. We further observed that
the stilts are often not made from the
same type of wood, which may cause
instability, too. It is probable that the
mentioned construction problems have
to a large extent to do with poverty.
Current state:
Possible approach already applied in the
area by locals:
Regular grids and stilt cross-sections
areas can be found at some of the
houses, probably since these people
are able to afford better construction
material and/ or are skilled carpenters
and other manufacturers.
78
Stilts
Regular grid and dimensions
drawings and photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN
1.5 - 2m
Makoko houses
lagoon water
unstable ground
solid ground
Makoko houses
increased water level by 1.5 m
increased water level by 1 m
normal level of water today
lagoon water
unstable ground
solid ground
Currently, the houses are
protected from the water during
most of the year, but they can be
flooded during heavy summer
rains.
In case the stilts are higher than
at least 1.6 m above the normal
water level, the house is fully
protected from rising water levels
and temporary floods.
Possible approach during summer floods:
Diagram of the current state, normal water level:
Stilts
Length
diagrams: © FABULOUS URBAN
79

41. Slabs
Challenges and solutions
Solid, stiff, and reinforced slab: consequently, the
construction is stable.
The slab is not solid enough, which causes instability
(slightly or massively sagging bottom).
© Drawing and photo: FABULOUS URBAN
80
Slabs
Regular, solid and stiff slabs
81
Slab without reinforcement Solid slab platform made of beams in
two directions (primary and secondary
structure); above a light floor covering
Correctly constructed slabs are working
together with stilts.
drawings: © FABULOUS URBAN

42. Current state during strong wind and storms:
The facade construction of many
houses is poor. There is a frequent
use of inappropriate materials, i.e.
plastic foils. This may lead to serious
damages at the facade during strong
winds and storms.
Through poor cladding, rainwater can
get inside of the house.
Facade parts, without solid cladding,
should have mosquito nets to protect
indoor space against mosquitos
(malaria prevention).
Roof and wall cladding
diagrams: © FABULOUS URBAN
82 83
© Drawing and photos: FABULOUS URBAN
The roof and wall cladding are made up from
appropriate material, the roof elements and
junctions are firmly attached to the rest of the
construction.
Roof and wall cladding
Challenges and approaches

43. Water harvesting system
Principle
84
Houses with no water harvesting system: Houses with water harvesting system:
drawings: © FABULOUS URBAN
The use of rain water is easy and effective. It can be easily
collected from the roofs in barrels. After filtration, it can be
used immediately or it can be stored in barrels and used
later, i.e. in the dry season.
We can use rain water for:
watering plants (home-grown food/ urban gardening)
cleaning houses, boats etc.
showering and other activities of personal hygienic
cleaning dishes and washing clothes
cooking and drinking – after special filtration
For most of the above mentioned activities, the rain water
needs to filtered using simple filtring systems with textile
membrane, sand and gravel.
Grey water recycling:
The grey water from showers and
sinks has to be collected and filtered
before being released into the water
bodies or used again.
Water harvesting system
85
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

44. 1 Summer rains 2 Rain water is automatically
collected in the barrels
The used water has again to be
collect. It may be recycled, filtred
and used again.
We can use it for watering plants and for
rough cleaning, i.e. cleaning the floor.
We can store it in barrels.
We have to filtrate the water.
The first few liters of rain water cannot
be used; it is black and highly polluted.
It therefore needs to be released into
the lagoon.
Water harvesting system
Rain water use
86
The water is filtrated in a barrel trough
textile filter, sand and gravels.
Complete filtration process with
simple filter systems
Simple filtration to produce water
to shower, wash dishes and
clothes
Drinking water
The used water should be collected
again. It may be recycled, filtred and
re-used.
3 Filtration
Attention: Chemical soaps
can destroy the textile
membrane filter and should
therefore not be used.
87
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

45. Toilet
88
Today, the human waste is mostly
disposed directly into the lagoon.
There is no value-added chain nor a
closed-loop cycle.
We suggest using a toilet system with bio-degradable bags, in
which the human waste is safely, easily, and hygienically stored.
The organic waste picker collect it once a day and transport
it to the various, decentralized biogas plants (Neighborhood
Hotspots), where it is recycled and used for biogas production.
drawings and photographs: © FABULOUS URBAN
The result is a win-win situation: The Makoko
residents can live in a cleaner environment,
waste becomes an opportunity and people
can earn money with the new waste recycling
economy.
89
drawing: © FABULOUS URBAN

46. 90
Plants can be grown at each house,
building or platform. This activity is cheap
and everybody, including children can be
involved.
The vegetables, mainly tomatoes and pepper
are grown in recycled rice sacks, barrels, PET
bottles, boxes etc.
The Makoko residents can improve their
knowledge on gardening at workshops at the
Neighborhood Hotspots. Fertilizer, soil, and
seeds will be sold at the biogas kiosk.
Why to grow vegetables?
to reduce expenses for daily commodities
to enrich the diet of Makoko people
to make the neighborhood more agreeable
to make the neighborhood more attractive
Home-grown food

47. URBAN
FABULOUS

48. Kindly supported by: