Freud developed grand theories of psychology that aimed to explain many aspects of human behavior and mental processes. His theories, such as the structural model of the mind and psychosexual stages of development, were developed over decades of work and influenced many areas of study including child development, mental illness, and relationships. While highly influential, Freud's theories are also controversial due to his sometimes unethical behavior and aspects of his theories that have not been supported by evidence.

1. Sigmund Freud
“A man should not strive to eliminate his complexes but to
get into accord with them: they are legitimately what
directs his conduct in the world.”

2.  One of the things that makes these theories so interesting is
their scope. Most of the psychological ideas are narrow. So,
we're going to talk about somebody's idea about racial
prejudice but that's not a theory of language acquisition.
We'll talk about theories of schizophrenia but they're not
explanations of sexual attractiveness.
Most theories are specialized theories but these two views
are grand theories.
 They're theories of everything, encompassing just about
everything that matters, day-to-day life, child development,
mental illness, religion, war, love. Freud and Skinner had
explanations of all of these.

3. Biography
 Born on May 6, 1856, in Freiberg, Moravia, which is now Pribor, in Czech
Republic
 He wanted to be a researcher and to go lo law school
 He married at the age of 30 and had 6 children in 8 years
 Freud's father was a Jewish wool merchant
 He read all Friedrich Nietzcshe work and Shakespeare plays
 His family moved to Leipzig, Germany in1859, and then settled in Vienna in
1860 where Freud remained until 1938.
 He died in London on September 23, 1939 (Jaw Cancer)

4. • Freud went to Paris on a fellowship to study with Jean-Martin Charcot
how treat with hypnosis
• Used another method he adopted from Joseph Breur didn’t use
suggestions
• Anna O. case “Talking cure”
• Free association
• Repression
• Psychoanalysis
• Death of his father at 1896, he suffered disturbing dreams and periods
of depression, which prompted a "self-analysis" of his own dreams and
memories of childhood.
• His explorations of his feelings of hostility to his father and rivalrous
jealousy over his mother's affections led him to a fundamental revision
of his theory of the origin of the neuroses.
Biography

5. He's one of the most famous scholars ever but he's not
known for any single discovery. Instead, he's known for
the development of an encompassing theory of mind,
one that he developed over the span of many decades.
He was in his time extremely well known, a celebrity
recognized on the street, and throughout his life. He
was a man of extraordinary energy and productivity, in
part because he was a very serious cocaine addict, but
also just in general. He was just a high-energy sort of
person.
Freud began smoking tobacco at age 24.
Freud suggested to Fliess in 1897 that addictions,
including that to tobacco, were substitutes for
masturbation, "the one great habit".
Cocaine and addiction

6. "Don't give the prize to Freud.
He doesn't deserve a Nobel Prize.
He's just a psychologist."
Nobel prize

7. While he's almost universally acclaimed as
a profoundly important intellectual figure,
he's also the object of considerable
dislike. This is in part because of his
character. He was not a very nice man in
many ways. He was deeply ambitious to
the cause of promoting psychoanalysis, to
the cause of presenting his view and
defending it, and he was often dishonest,
extremely brutal to his friends, and
terrible to his enemies. He was an
interesting character.
Character

8. "The Gestapo has not harmed me
in any way. In fact, I highly
recommend the Gestapo to
everybody.
Nazi period

9. The idea of unconscious motivation
Smart
and
Attractive
I am
ready to
get
married
I want
to have
kids

10. Have you ever liked somebody or disliked them and not
known why?
Have you ever found yourself in a situation where you're
doing something or you're arguing for something or
making a decision for reasons that you can't fully
articulate?
Have you ever forgotten somebody's name at exactly the
wrong time?
Have you ever called out the wrong name in the throes of
passion?
Freudian unconscious

14. Freudian theory of Personality
 Structural or Topographical
 Conscious
 Preconscious
 Unconscious
 Functional or DynamicId Ego
Superego

15. Stages of
Psychosexual Development

16. I. Oral Stage
 It occurs during the first 18
months of life when the
infant’s pleasure centers on
the mouth.
 Chewing, sucking and biting
are chief sources of pleasure
and these actions reduces
tension in the infant.

17. Fixations at oral stage:

18. Fixations at oral stage:

19. II. Anal Stage
 It is the second stage of oral
development that occurs
between 1 ½ until 3 years of
age, in which the child’s
greatest pleasure involves the
anus or the eliminative
functions associated with it.

20. II. Anal Stage
 In Freud’s view, the exercise
of anal muscles reduces
tension.

21. II. Anal Stage
 Through toilet training, the
child comes in contact with
the rules of society.

22. Fixations at anal stage:

23. Fixations at anal stage:

24. III. Phallic Stage
 It occurs between the ages
of 3-6.
 The word “phallic” comes
the Latin word “phallus,”
which means “penis.”
 During this stage, pleasure
focuses on the genitals as
the child discovers that self-
stimulation is enjoyable.

25. Importance of Phallic Stage
 In Freud’s view, the
phallic stage has a
special importance in
personality development
because this period
triggers the Oedipus
Complex.

26. What is the Oedipus Complex?
 The Oedipus Complex is
the young child’s
development of an
intense desire to replace
the parent of the same
sex and enjoy the
affection of the opposite-
sex parent.

27. Resolving the Oedipus Complex
 At about 5-6 years of age, children
recognize that their same-sex
parent might punish them for their
incestuous wishes.
 To reduce the conflict, the child
identifies with the same-sex
parent, striving to be like him/her.
 If the conflict is not resolved, the
individual may become fixated at
the phallic stage.

28. Fixation at Phallic Stage

29. Fixation at Phallic Stage

31. IV. Latency Stage
 The pursuit of social and
academic activities
channels much of the
child’s energy into
emotionally safe areas
and aids the child in
forgetting the highly
stressful conflicts of the
phallic stage

32. V. Genital Stage
 The final stage of
psychosexual development
occurs from puberty
onwards.
 It is the time of sexual
reawakening, but the
source of sexual pleasure
now becomes someone
outside the
family.

33. V. Genital Stage
 Freud believed that
unresolved conflicts with
parents re-emerged during
adolescence.
 Once resolved, Freud
believed that the individual
capable of developing a
mature love relationship
and functioning
independently as an adult.

34. Freud’s
sexual
fixation

35. Denial
Repression
Projection
Regression
Displacement
Rationalization
Freud’s defence
mechanism theory
Arguing against an anxiety
provoking stimuli by stating it
doesn't exist.
Returning to a previous stage
of development.
Placing unacceptable
impulses in yourself onto
someone else.
Pulling into the unconscious.
Taking out impulses on a less
threatening target.
Supplying a logical or rational
reason as opposed to the real
reason.

36. Therapy Chair