This document provides a brief overview of key aspects of Islam and Muslim beliefs: 1) It estimates the global Muslim population to be between 1.2-1.5 billion people, making Islam the second largest religion. 2) The five pillars of Islam are outlined as the declaration of faith, prayer, charity, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca. 3) Key beliefs include the oneness of God, reverence for prior prophets including Jesus and Moses, and the Holy Book of the Quran which was revealed to the final prophet Muhammad.