This document discusses brain drain in India. It defines brain drain as the movement of highly skilled or educated individuals from their home country to developed nations with better opportunities. The document then discusses the history of the term brain drain and how it has affected India. It identifies several factors that contribute to brain drain in India, such as under employment, lack of facilities for research, and favorable migration policies in other countries. The document also outlines the major problems brain drain poses for India.

1. PRSESNTED
BY:
ISHAN

2. INTRODUCTION
 According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary,
‘Brain Drain is the movement of highly skilled and
qualified people from their home country to a
developed country where they can work in better
conditions and can earn more money.

3. HISTORY OF BRAIN DRAIN
 The term originated in about 1960.
 In 1960s, many British scientists and intellectuals
emigrated to United States for a better working
climate.
 Its meaning has broadened into departure of all types
of educated or skilled people from one country.

4. BRAIN DRAIN
IN INDIA
 A big percentage of our national income is spent on the
education and training of our youth. And when they are in
a position to serve the country as highly skilled
professionals and scientists, they migrate to developed
lands. This results in a great national waste in terms of
money and manpower.

5. And about 80% or over 1.50 lakh of them never came back and settled
there.

6. PREFERRED DESTINATIONS

7. CAUSES OF
BRAIN DRAIN
IN INDIA

8. UNDER EMPLOYMENT
 India has skilled and semi-skilled, employed and
unemployed human resource. Low salaries and
inefficient working conditions can be the first motive
that triggers the movement to the countries with
better living standards and facilities. There is huge
difference in terms of salary if we compare India and
the developed countries. To demonstrate, Skilled
workers aim to get pleasing salaries in return for their
labour but the working conditions in their homeland
don't fulfil their wishes. Therefore, those workers prefer
to move to other countries in order to have better
living conditions with high salaries. Employment is one
of the strong reason for brain drain in India.

9. HIGHER EDUCATION
 Higher education in India evolved considerably after
independence in terms of the number of universities as well
as in terms of access to higher education.
 Nowadays, we have world class universities at our disposal.
But they can serve only a small number of students and thus
the no. of students moving abroad keeps on increasing. The
most preferred educational destinations are the U.S. and
U.K. In the year 2006, of the 1,23,000 studying outside India,
76,000 have chosen USA (94,563 in 2008, 83,833 in 2007) as
a country of their choice followed by UK, Canada and
Australia.

10. LACK OF FACILITIES
 In developed countries, researchers are provided with
funds and necessary equipment to carry out study,
which can be another motive that attracts those
deprived of these opportunities. Most scientists in
underdeveloped countries, do not possess laboratory
facilities and researchers cannot get sufficient funds.
Therefore, when developed countries offer these
facilities, researchers and scientists naturally prefer to
migrate to these countries.

11. FAVOURABLE MIGRATION
POLICIES
 Increasing economic interdependence among nations,
growing demand for skilled labour in the knowledge economy
not to mention demographic trends are all strengthening the
position of India as a major supplier of young, educated and
qualified manpower for the EU. Owing to its demographic
profile and its English-speaking population, India, with its
large reserves of highly-skilled workers, has emerged as one
of the most prominent country to fill the supply gaps in the
labour-deficient economies of the developed world. Taking
into account EU economic objectives coupled with
demographic and ageing effects, Member States have put in
place selective immigration policies aimed at attracting
highly-skilled professionals from South Asia.

12. PULL FACTORS
 Higher salary and income.
 Better level of living and way of life.
 Better research facilities.
 Modern educational system and better opportunity
for higher qualifications.
 Prestige of foreign training.
 Better working condition and better employment
opportunities.
 Presence of a rich, scientific and cultural tradition.
 Frequent chances of a lucky break in life.
 Technological gap.
 Allocation of substantial funds for research.

13. MAJOR PROBLEMS FACED BY
INDIA DUE TO BRAIN DRAIN
 A shortage of skilled and competent people in
India, due to which the home country remains
undeveloped.
 Monetary losses
(The UNDP estimates that India loses $2 billion a year because
of the emigration of computer experts to the U.S. Indian students
going abroad for their higher studies costs India a foreign
exchange outflow of $10 billion annually. )

14. OTHER COUNTRIES
AFFECTED BY BRAIN DRAIN
 Ethiopia:-75% of the skilled workers have left the country
in the last 10 years.
 Iran:-Political oppression in Iran has forced Iranians into
living in foreign lands.
 China:-China constitutes the largest no. of emigrants, but
in the recent years due to the massive development in
China, this number has gone down.
 UK:-In the last 10 years, more than 1.1 million people with
university degrees have left the United Kingdom. The
number, although by far the largest among OECD
countries, hasn’t seriously affected Britain due to a large
influx of foreign skilled migrants.

15. CONCLUSION
 For the balance of power and for the steady
development of the world, it is very important to stop
the phenomena of brain-drain. This will help a
particular country to use all local skilled citizens for
development and proliferation. But to hold these
skilled workers at their native places, it is also
important to provide them enough work
opportunities and living facilities.