1. PRESENT PERFECT: Que he hecho? Que ha Hecho?
- Affirmative: Sujeto + has or have +Verbo en pasado participio+ Complemento...........
has -> (he she it )
have ->( I you we they)
I have studied..... yo he estudiado.
Paul has studied English.................. Pablo ha estudiado inglés
-Negative: Sujeto + has or have + not +Verbo en pasado participio+ Complemento
(hasn't/ haven't)
I
Paul has not studied English
We
Interrogative: Has or have + Sujeto +Verbo en pasado participio+ Complemento?
HAVE I
Has Paul studied English?
HAVE
PAST PERFECT: Que habia hecho? Que habias Hecho?
- Affirmative:
Sujeto + had +Verbo en pasado participio+ Complemento
I had studied..... yo habia estudiado.
Paul had studied English.................. Pablo habia estudiado inglés
-Negative:
Sujeto + had + not +Verbo en pasado participio+ Complemento
(hadn't/ hadn't)
I
Paul had not studied English Pablo no habia estudiado Ingles
We
Interrogative:
Had + Sujeto +Verbo en pasado participio+ Complemento?
HAD I
Had Paul studied English? habia estudiado Ingles?
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUO: Que he estado haciendo? Que ha estado haciendo?
- Affirmative: Sujeto + has or have +Verbo TO BE en pasado participio (BEEN)+ ing +
Complemento........... has -> (he she it ) or have ->( I you we they)
I have been studying..... yo he estado estudiando.
Paul has been studying English.................. Pablo ha estado estudiando inglés
-Negative: Sujeto + has or have + not +Verbo TO BE en pasado participio (BEEN)+ ing +
Complemento
(hasn't/ haven't)
I
Paul has not been studying English........ Pablo no ha estado estudiando Ingles
We
Interrogative: Has or have + Sujeto +Verbo TO BE en pasado participio (BEEN)+ ing +
Complemento?
HAVE I
Has Paul been studying English? Pablo ha estado estudiando Ingles?
HAVE
PAST PERFECT CONTINUO: Que había estado haciendo? Que habías estado haciendo?

2. - Affirmative:
Sujeto + had Verbo TO BE en pasado participio (BEEN)+ ing + Complemento
I had been studying..... yo habia estado estudiando
Paul had been studying English.................. Pablo habia estado estudiando inglés
-Negative:
Sujeto + had + not +Verbo TO BE en pasado participio (BEEN)+ ing + Complemento
(hadn't/ hadn't)
I
Paul had not been studying English Pablo no habia estado estudiando Ingles
We
Interrogative:
Had + Sujeto +Verbo TO BE en pasado participio (BEEN)+ ing + Complemento?
HAD I
Had Paul been studying English? Pablo habia estado estudiando?
HAD
FUTURO CONTINUO:
- Affirmative: Sub + Will + Infinitive verb BE + ing + Complemento
I.-
Paul will be studying English ........... Pablo estará estudiando inglés
We.-
Negative: Sub + Will + not + Infinitive verb BE + ing + Complemento
(Won't)
I.-
Paul will not be studying English Pablo no estará estudiando Ingles
We.-
Interrogative:: Will + Sub + Infinitive verb BE + ing + Complemento?
Will I
Will Paul be studying English? Pablo estará estudiando Ingles?
Will we
FUTURO Idiomatico CONTINUO - Affirmative: Subject + to be in present(are, am. is)+ going to +
Infinitive verb BE + ing + Complemento
I.-
Paul is going to be studying English................ Pablo va a estar estudiando inglés
We.-
Negative: Subject + to be in present (are, am. is)+(not)+ going to + Infinitive verb BE + ing +
Complemento
I.-
Paul is not going to be studying English ............ Pablo no va a estar estudiando inglés
We.-
Interrogative: to be in present (are, am. is)+Subject + going to + Infinitive verb BE + ing +
Complemento?
Am I
Is Paul going to be studying English?............. Pablo va a estar estudiando inglés?
Are we
MODALES
Modal ability & posibility.
CAN + VERBO INF

3. I CAN answer YO PUEDO responder
HE CAN ask EL PUEDE pedir, preguntar.
SHE CAN'T belong- ELLA no PUEDE pertenecer
YOU CAN call TU PUEDES llamar
WE CAN change ~NOSOTROS PODEMOS cambiar
THEY CAN clap ELLOS PUEDEN aplaudir
Past ability.
COULD + VERBO INF
I COULD clean YO PODRIA limpiar
YOU COULD climb TU PUDE escalar
HE COULDN'T clip EL no PODRIA recortar
SHE COULDN'T Comb ELLA no PUDO peinar
To talk about necessary and important actions
MUST + VERBO INF
I MUST cook Yo DEBO cocinar
YOU MUSTN'T count tu no DEBES contar
THEY MUST begin ellos DEBEN comenzar
Gives the speaker's opinion of what's a good thing to do
SHOULD + VERBO INF
I SHOULD bring Yo deberia llevar
SHE SHOULD catch ella DEBERIA atrapar
YOU SHOULDN'T come tu no DEBERIAS venir
I OUGHT TO hold Yo DEBERIA sujetar
SHE OUGHT TO know Ella DEBERIA saber
THEY OUGHT TO leave Ellos DEBERIAN irse
To talk about rulesmade for us by somebody else
HAVE TO + VERBO INF .... HAS TO + VERBO INF....... GOT TO + VERBO INF son lo mismo
I HAVE (GOT) TO lend Yo TENGO QUE prestar
SHE HAS (GOT) TO let ella TIENE QUE dejar
HE HAS (GOT) TO light el TIENE QUE encender
WE DON'T HAVE (GOT) TO lose nosotros NO TENEMOS QUE perder
Past obligation
HAD + VERBO INF
I had to hit him - tuve que golpearlo
I had to bite him - tuve que morderlo
Uncertainty-Future time, possibility- Present time,
MIGHT + VERBO INF
I MIGHT cut Yo QUIZA corte
YOU MIGHT do yo PODRIA hacer
HE MIGHT dream yo QUIZA sueñe
THEY MIGHT drink ellos PODRIAN beber
Uncertainty-Future time, possibility- Present time,
MAY + VERBO INF
I MAY hang ... yo TAL VEZ cuelgue
HE MAY hear... el TAL VEZ oiga
SHE MAY have...ella TAL VEZ tenga
WE MAY make ...nosotros TAL VEZ hagamos
CONDICIONALES
"zero conditional" cuando nos referimos a cosas lógicas o verdades generales
IF + present simple, present simple
If it rains, tha earth get wet (si llueve, la tierra se moja)

4. "first conditional" la usamos cuando es muy probable que se cumple la condición.: se utiliza en una
situación y luego sabes lo que sucederá. es algo así como CAUSA Y EFECTO.
IF + present simple, will (future)
If I study, I will pass my exam (Si estudio, pasaré el examen)
Second conditional" lo usamos cuando Son cosas imaginarias o una situación hipotética.
IF + past simple, would ............ tambien se puede usar COULD or MIGHT ( con significado PODRIA)
If I studied, I would pass my exam (Si estudiara, aprobaría el examen)
If I studied, I could pass my exam(Si estudiara, podría aprobar el examen)
If I studied, I might pass my exam
USO DE WILL, SHALL, que tienen el mismo uso y ........WOULD terminación RIA
WILL+ VERBO INF
I WILL drive Yo conduciré
SHE WILL eat ella comerá
HE WILL find el encontrará
THEY WILL fall ellos caerán
SHALL+ VERBO INF
I SHALL fly yo volaré
THEY SHALL NOT break ellos no romperán
WOULD + VERBO INF
I WOULD get ...yo obtendría
HE WOULD give ...El daría
THEY WOULD go ...ellos irían