This document provides information about cardiovascular disease, including definitions, symptoms, risk factors, and methods for diagnosis and treatment. It is divided into sections that discuss ischemic disease, arrhythmias, heart failure, risk factors, prevention, and diagnostic and treatment options. Key points covered include the symptoms of ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Risk factors like family history, obesity, smoking, and high blood pressure are identified. Prevention methods include exercise, diet, and regular checkups. Diagnosis involves tests like EKGs, stress tests, echocardiograms, and cardiac catheterization. Treatments range from medications and lifestyle changes to procedures like angioplasty, ablation, and surgery.

1. Show Your Heart
Some Love
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2. Maria Cristina Castillo-Catoni, MD
INOVA MEDICAL GROUP
PRIMARY CARE
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3. What is Cardiovascular Disease?
• Ischemic disease
• Congestive heart failure
• Arrhythmia
• Heart valve problems
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4. Ischemic Disease
• Atherosclerosis
• Heart attack
• Ischemic Stroke
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5. How do I know if I have ischemic heart disease?
• Discomfort in center of chest (uncomfortable pressure,
squeezing, fullness or pain) that lasts more than a few minutes,
or goes away and comes back
• Pain/discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or
stomach
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea/vomiting or cold sweats
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6. How do I know if I have an arrhythmia ?
• Regular checkups with PCP
• Go for medical evaluation
if symptoms
• "heart fluttering" sensation
of skipping a beat
• If going on for long enough, can have dizziness,
fatigue, lightheadedness, fainting,
• shortness of breath, chest pain
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7. How do I know if I have heart failure?
• Look for symptoms and go for medical evaluation
• Shortness of breath with exertion
• Swelling of the legs
• Waking up short of breath during the night
• Feeling less short of breath during the night if you
use several pillows to raise your head
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8. What are risk factors for heart disease?
• Family history
• Overweight/obesity (BMI>24)
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Illicit drug use (cocaine, etc.)
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9. How can I prevent heart disease?
• Keep your BP under 120/80mmHg.
• If you already have a diagnosis of high blood
pressure, keep BP under 130/80mmHg.
• Exercise regularly
• Follow a low-salt diet
• Go for regular visits with your PCP for BP and
cholesterol checks
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10. How can we diagnose and treat
heart disease?
WHAT IS CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE?
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11. Nicholas R. Balaji, MD, FACC
INOVA MEDICAL GROUP
CARDIOLOGY
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12. Arrhythmias
Diagnosis
• EKG
• Holter
• Event Monitor
• EP study and Invasive
Testing
Treatment
• Reflex mechanisms
• Vagal maneuvers
• Medications
• Rhythm vs Rate Control
• Cardiac Ablations
• Pacemakers/ICDs
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13. Ischemic Heart Disease (Non-invasive)
Stress
• Exercise
• Treadmill
• Bicycle
• Pharmacologic
• Inotrope
• Vasodilator
Imaging
• EKG (ETT)
• Echocardiogram
• Nuclear Perfusion
Imaging
• CT Angiogram
• Cardiac MRI
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14. Ischemic Heart Disease (Invasive)
Diagnosis
• Cardiac Catheterization
• Fractional Flow Reserve
• Intravascular Ultrasound
Treatment
• Percutaneous Coronary
Intervention
• Angioplasty
• Stenting
• Atherectomy
• Surgery
• CABG
• Medical Management
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15. Valvular Heart Disease
Diagnosis
• Ultrasound
• Transthoracic Echo
• Transesophageal Echo
• MRI
Treatment
• Medications
• Surgery
• Valve Repair
• Valve Replacement
• Percutaneous
• Valve Replacement
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16. Heart Failure
Diagnosis
• Clinical
• Swelling, Orthopnea,
PND
• Echocardiogram
• Stress Testing or Cardiac
Catheterization
Treatment
• Medications
• Revascularization
• ICDs
• LVADs
• Heart Transplant
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17. • Thank you for coming
• For more information or to schedule an
appointment, visit:
Inovamedicalgroup.org
or call:
• Dr. Maria Cristina-Castillo-Catoni 703.933.8111
• Dr. Nicholas Balaji 703.204.9301
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