Intelligent Energy Usage via M2M Communication af Rune Torbensen, AAU
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This document summarizes Rune Torbensen's PhD project on using machine-to-machine (M2M) communication for intelligent energy usage. The project involves developing an open home automation platform using IP for interoperability between different wireless networks. It also proposes a service description language to enable cooperation between unfamiliar devices and a secure communication protocol for resource-constrained embedded systems. Potential M2M project ideas are analyzing energy optimization strategies using ad-hoc communication between heterogeneous systems and the internet.
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Intelligent Energy Usage via M2M Communication af Rune Torbensen, AAU
- 1. Intelligent Energy Usage via M2M Communication Short version Rune Torbensen rto@cfsi.dk PhD, Aalborg University Copenhagen, 9.Oct, 2012
- 2. Outline PhD project work Home Automation Communication Cooperation Security M2M Project Ideas Conclusion References
- 3. PhD project work Home Automation M2M Project Ideas Communication Conclusion Cooperation References Security Outline PhD project work Home Automation Communication Cooperation Security M2M Project Ideas Conclusion References 3 / 18
- 4. PhD project work Home Automation M2M Project Ideas Communication Conclusion Cooperation References Security Current Home Automation Home automation has not become mainstream yet Few complete smart house installations ◮ Building automation in the residence ◮ Installed by experts ◮ Predominantly wired and centralized (control) ◮ Components are expensive and variety is limited ◮ No dominating standard in foreseeable future Subsystems are available ◮ Limited market share ◮ Islands of functionality ◮ Unable to interoperate with the outside 4 / 18
- 5. PhD project work Home Automation M2M Project Ideas Communication Conclusion Cooperation References Security Future Home Automation All electronic devices in the residence can cooperate as services ◮ Consumers may easily compose a system out of products ◮ Easy to install and use ◮ Remote access for smartphone Many vendors, No lock-in ◮ Product-by-product purchasing ◮ Product variety ◮ Possibility to compete on price, quality and functionality Distributed control scheme ◮ Many small controllers ◮ Ad hoc discovery of services ◮ Sensors reused for many controllers (applications) 5 / 18
- 6. PhD project work Home Automation M2M Project Ideas Communication Conclusion Cooperation References Security Communication Challenges Based on taxonomy of protocols for home networks Communication methods ◮ Control wires are costly to install in existing houses ◮ Power line is immature and unreliable due to noise ◮ Low-power Short Range Wireless (SRW) Focus on SRW technology ◮ Flexibility and refitting to existing buildings ◮ Well suited for battery powered devices ◮ Many useful but incompatible technologies ◮ Physical: bandwidth, frequencies, modulation, etc. ◮ Reliability problems due to wall penetration Full home coverage ◮ Multi-hop routing are immature solutions ◮ Repeaters are impractical and often unsupported (disruptive) 6 / 18
- 7. PhD project work Home Automation M2M Project Ideas Communication Conclusion Cooperation References Security Interoperable Home Automation Platform An architecture to connect different networks into one heterogeneous network covering the whole residence ◮ Using IP as common protocol Heat Controller Light Controller Access Controller ◮ End-devices visible as IP devices IP Network ◮ Controllers on IP ◮ End-to-end communication Room Bridge Room Bridge ◮ Generic distributed Subnetwork Adapter Subnetwork Adapter Subnetwork Adapter Subnetwork Adapter communication infrastructure ZigBee Bluetooth ZWave Bluetooth ◮ IP room bridges Sensor Actuator Sensor Sensor ◮ Expandable via adapter modules Living room Bed room 7 / 18
- 8. PhD project work Home Automation M2M Project Ideas Communication Conclusion Cooperation References Security Cooperation Challenge Based on market actor and technology analysis Many different applications, controllers, end-devices ◮ Number of applications growing over time (unbounded set) ◮ Incompatible service frameworks, message representation Standard applications, profiles are predominant ◮ Considerable time and cost to introduce new ideas ◮ Standardization delay ◮ Alliance memberships and licensing costs ◮ Limit designs and innovations A centralized, translator box is not a usable solution ◮ Hard to realize in a resource limited system ◮ Constitutes a gatekeeper ◮ Creates unwanted dependency between actors ◮ Inconsistent with concept of a generic infrastructure 8 / 18
- 9. PhD project work Home Automation M2M Project Ideas Communication Conclusion Cooperation References Security Open Device Service Description Language Enable cooperation between unfamiliar devices End-devices in IHAP provide a service descriptor Service description language: ◮ Description of any design ◮ Existing devices and profiles ◮ Legacy support allows bootstrapping the market ◮ New designs avoids standardization delay ◮ Supports fast-to-market and innovation in SME Simple application protocols of home automation end-devices ◮ Get value or device state ◮ Send command with a parameter ◮ Listen for event 9 / 18
- 10. PhD project work Home Automation M2M Project Ideas Communication Conclusion Cooperation References Security Security Challenges Motivations for security in embedded systems ◮ Devices control the environment ◮ Capture and share personal data Threats from wireless and Internet ◮ Disruption - system unable to send alarm ◮ Eavesdropping - undetectable passive data-mining ◮ Unauthorized access ◮ Opening of door locks and stealing personal data Security must be user friendly ◮ Users often misunderstand difficult operations ◮ Misconfiguration can breach security 10 / 18
- 11. PhD project work Home Automation M2M Project Ideas Communication Conclusion Cooperation References Security Secure Embedded Exchange Protocol (SEEP) A secure end-to-end communication protocol SEEP design philosophy: ◮ Internet-grade security level ◮ Optimized for resource-constrained embedded platforms ◮ Low overhead, short messages, minimal network traffic ◮ Simple and therefore formally verifiable A formally verified alternative to SSL for embedded devices Not required but fully compatible with IHAP 11 / 18
- 12. PhD project work M2M Project Ideas Conclusion References Outline PhD project work Home Automation Communication Cooperation Security M2M Project Ideas Conclusion References 12 / 18
- 13. PhD project work M2M Project Ideas Conclusion References M2M Project Ideas Intelligent energy usage via M2M communication ◮ The motivation is energy usage optimization in buildings ◮ Reduce or move energy consumption Development of new M2M communication technology ◮ Connecting systems both locally and remotely via the Internet ◮ Enable ad-hoc resource sharing and signal exchange ◮ Report energy usage and errors ◮ Security and privacy by design 13 / 18
- 14. PhD project work M2M Project Ideas Conclusion References Analysis and Requirements Energy usage optimization strategies ◮ Avoiding or postponing energy consumption, store energy ◮ User involved or automated via M2M communication ◮ Systems log information and provide overview ◮ Smartphone interface, website access ◮ Control systems communicate with utility company server ◮ Great variety of subsystems by many different vendors Technology requirements: ◮ Ad-hoc cooperation and resource sharing ◮ Retain autonomy of each system ◮ Heterogeneous network ◮ Internet access ◮ Secure communication 14 / 18
- 15. PhD project work M2M Project Ideas Conclusion References Outline PhD project work Home Automation Communication Cooperation Security M2M Project Ideas Conclusion References 15 / 18
- 16. PhD project work M2M Project Ideas Conclusion References Conclusion M2M communication technology ◮ Energy usage optimization in smaller buildings ◮ Embedded devices instead of server, lowers overall system cost ◮ Connecting heterogeneous environments to the Internet ◮ Existing products can connect without supporting IP ◮ Low entry barrier, low development cost for new vendors ◮ Cooperation is flexible, autonomy is retained ◮ Data sharing with privacy precautions ◮ Internet grade secure communication ◮ Usability, short setup time for installer/owner 16 / 18
- 17. PhD project work M2M Project Ideas Conclusion References Outline PhD project work Home Automation Communication Cooperation Security M2M Project Ideas Conclusion References 17 / 18
- 18. PhD project work M2M Project Ideas Conclusion References References Relevant published papers: Future home automation systems ◮ Rune Torbensen: ”OHAS: Open Home Automation System” IEEE, International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, Algarve, Portugal, 2008. Classification of wireless protocols ◮ Rune Torbensen, Klaus Marius Hansen and Theis Hjorth: ”My Home is my Bazaar - A Taxonomy and Classification of Current Wireless Home Network Protocols” IEEE, 2nd Eastern European Regional Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS-EERC), Bratislava, Slovakia, 2011. Secure embedded communication ◮ Theis Hjorth and Rune Torbensen: ”Secure Wireless Embedded Systems via Component-based Design” Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust PASSAT 2010, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, Aug 2010. 18 / 18