This document provides information about panoramic radiography. It defines panoramic radiography as a technique that produces a single image of the facial structures including both dental arches and their supporting bones. It lists indications for panoramic radiography such as trauma evaluation, assessment of third molars, and identifying developmental anomalies. The document outlines advantages like broad coverage and low radiation dose, and disadvantages like uneven magnification and inability to show fine detail. It describes proper patient positioning and holding techniques for panoramic radiography.

1. PANORAMIC
RADIOGRAPHY

2. Definition
It is radiographic technique for producing a
single image of the facial structures that includes
both maxillary and mandibular dental arches and
their supporting structures .

3. indications
1: Evaluation of trauma .
2:Third molars .
3:Extinsive disease such as large lesions .
.4: Tooth development (mixed dentition)
.5: Retained teeth or root tips (in edentulous
patients)
.6: Developmental anomalies
7: Panoramic radiographs are also useful for
patient who don’t tolerate intraoral procedures
well.

4. Advantages
1. Broad coverage of the facial bones and teeth
2. Low patient radiation dose .
3. Simple & fast technique
4. The fact that it can be used in patient
.unable to open their mouths

5. Disadvantages
1. The image doesn’t display the fine anatomic
detail available on intra oral Periapical
Radiograph
2. Uneven magnification and geometric
distortion.
3. The presence of overlapping structures such
as the cervical spine can hide the incisor region

6. Technique and positioning
1. patients should be asked to remove any earrings .
Jewelry hair pins spectacles dentures or orthodontic
appliances
2. the procedure and equipment movements should be
explained to reassure patients
3. patients should be placed accurately within the
machines using the various head-positioning devicesand
light-beam marker positioning guides
4. patients should be instructed to place their tongue into
the roof of the mouth so that it is in contact with hard
palate and not to move throughout the exposure cycle (
approximately 18 second )

9. Ext.
Auditory
meatus
Mandibular
condyle
Articular eminence
Coronoid
process
Zygomatic
bone
Ptregomaxillary Fissure
Inf. orbital rim
Floor of Maxillary sinus
Ant. wall of Maxillary sinus
Hard palate
Nasal fossa
Inf. Orbital canal and foramen
Zyg.
process
of
Maxilla
Panoramic Innominate line
(Infra temporal surface of
Zyg. bone
Lat.
ptreg.
plate
Man. fossa
Inf. border of Mandible
C- Spine
Mental foramen
Hyoid bone
Inf. Alveolar canal
Ext. oblique ridge
All this diagnostic information is missed in intraoral X-rays
Hard Tissue

11. THANKS