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ISSN: 2278 –
1323 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012 STUDY ON IMAGE BROADCAST USING WATERMARK AND SECURITY TECHNIQUES SK.Sofia, C.Rajendra, M. Tech student, Department of CSE, Professor, Department of CSE, Audisankara College of Engineering & Audisankara College of Engineering & Technology,Gudur Technology,Gudur Abstract— Image broadcast is existing in this paper by Modulation (SQIM) use both public and private keys like experimental outcomes. In this method, an unauthorized public key cryptosystems just like RSA. The private key is person is easily determine through piracy of an image. used by the watermark embedder to generate watermarks while the public key is used by the watermark detector to Watermark is appended into image at the time of sending an perform watermark detection in an encrypted domain[5]. image. Embedding the information into a digital signal is called as watermark and it is used to verify authenticity or It is mostly used to give security and unique identity of its owner. The embedded message contains some user ids are also provided for different users. These user ids are appended with the message as watermark into an image. encryption of data. Cryptography and Digital Signatures are Different keys are used for encryption for different times. mainly used to provide security. Pirated user is find out with the help of these different user ids. Whatever the message will be added to image as watermark is also be extracted from watermark Watermarking is a technique of embedding image to overcome different types of attacks such as image- some information into the given media, and it is used to verify processing operations. Digital signature and encryption must its authenticity or identity of its owner, and this watermark can [2-5] be applied at message creation time to avoid tampering. be later extracted or detected for variety of purposes . Data Probability and strength have been satisfied by encryption and hiding is one of the technique of a steganography, in this we will embeds the data into digital media such as image for the watermark. purpose of identification. Keywords- watermark; encryption; image broadcast; digital How the data or some text will be hidden in signature. an image? For this purpose, we will use LSB(Least significant Bit) algorithm. In the use of computing, LSB is the position of I. INTRODUCTION bits and in the binary integer it will give units value used to determine whether that number is even or odd. The LSB is In the recent years, with the help of computer also referred as right most bit, because we are placing less technology, it is very easy to establish, make an extra copy, significant bits added to the right. and share out different products such as digital text, audio, video, image without any loss in quality. Even though, very This steganography is one of the large number of products are pirated. Protection that is., cryptography technique, and it is used to cover the information providing security for these type of products is a very which is present in others. Cryptography is the combination of important issue for the persons which are providing the service both encryption and decryption. for these products and for the owners of these products. Digital watermarking is finding more and more support as a possible solution for the protection of intellectual property [1] rights . Encryption is any procedure to convert plaintext into ciphertext. RSA algorithm, Digital Signatures are used for encryption. Secure Quantization Index 280 All Rights Reserved © 2012 IJARCET
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ISSN: 2278 –
1323 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012 Bob's Co-workers: Anyone can get Bob's Public Key, but Bob keeps his Private Key to himself Alice Sam Ram Fig: Procedure of Cryptography Problem space: Each and every application of data hiding need a The procedure of Cryptography is shown unique rank of variance to deviation and a variety of in the above figure. We are having two different techniques of appended or embedded data speed. These form the imaginary steganographic algorithms: data-hiding problem space which is shown in the below figure. 1)Methods effort in spatial domain, There is a natural exchange between bandwidth and 2)Methods effort in transform domain. “robustness,” or the level upto which, the data is protected to bother or transformations that will be happen to the signal The best known steganographic method that during normal usage, for e.g., compression, resampling, etc. works in the spatial domain is the LSB [11] (Least Significant Bit), which replaces the least significant bits of pixels selected Fig: Data hiding problem space to hide the information. This method has several implementation versions that improve the algorithm in certain aspects [7][8]. Insertion of data into images is very useful in a variety of applications. The information which is embedded into a digital signal is called as watermark, and the given Bandwidth media is called as host. Both Digital signatures as well as encryption should be applied at message creation time to avoid tampering. (Bob's public key) Robustness Bob (Bob's private key) Fig: Overview of Digital Signature A user will pay to get on-line movies or An overview of the Digital signature is shown in the on-line image from a service provider or Product provider PP. above figure. Digital Signature provides a set of security Even though, an unprotected image is easily pirated by various capabilities that could be difficult to implement in any other users, and they may leak the image to unauthorized persons or way. In the above example, Bob is having 2 different keys. users. Ever if a pirated image has been found, it is very One of the Bob’s key is known as public key and other one is difficult to identify which user has pirated the image. called as private key. If more persons are working along with Bosb, they will get Bob’s public key but they can’t get Bob’s A long established watermark technique can’t private key. Bob is having his private key with himself only. solve all these problems. According to the different user ID, 281 All Rights Reserved © 2012 IJARCET
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ISSN: 2278 –
1323 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012 the unique ID watermark is generated and embedded host user id UID. [6] image before distributing . Various users are having different user ids. Based on this user id, the leaker which will produce 3) If that user id UID is authorized, then the Product Provider an image to unauthorized persons will be find out and the (PP) embed the encryption of user id UID into an image. pirated image also found with the help of Product Provider. Then that particular watermarked image will be sent to the user. II. IMAGE BROADCAST USING WATERMARK Broadcast of an image with watermark solves the III. PROCEDURE OF WATERMARK problems of predictable watermark image. The information which is embedded into a digital signal is called as watermark, In this section, we will describe the procedure of and the given media is called as host. In this technique, the watermarking. Each and every user is having some user id, it users’ secracy information or message is embedded or will be differ for each user and it will be unique. This user id appended into an image to get copy of various output images. is stored in some database by Product Provider(PP). Every id is encrypted by using any of the encryption algorithm for ex., The system’s main target is that when RSA and this encrypted user id is stored in database as pirated image is find, we will take out watermark from the watermark. When any of the user asks service provider or image to recognize which particular user pirates the image. product provider for an image, Product Provider (PP) inserts a Therefore, appended watermark into an image should be unique watermark with respect to various user ids into an capable to prove the individual or unique user. Various user image and it will be send to the user. get various embedded watermark images, even though it will be the same image. The difference among these various A. USER ID ENCRYPTION embedded watermark images are not predictable by human eyes. User id is a collection of various strings of The entire system’s architecture is described with the binary data. Based on the length of this id, the same length an illustration in the following figure1. of sequence bits will be selected and addition to this, we will permutted this sequence by some key. After that, we will perform some logic operations like AND, OR etc., between the user id and sequence bits, we will get some result. The result is sampled by the frequency speed C, then the modulated signal is generated. The modulated signal is modulated by the speed spectrum and formed by the same key, then the final required watermarking signal is generated. B. EMBEDDING WATERMARK INTO IMAGE The embedding technique of watermark is given as follows and the steps of embedding approach are shown as Fig2. 1) The user move forwards for registration by the registration website maintained by Product Provider(PP). The user enter his or her name, email address, purchase card and so on to get a unique user ID(UID) for each and every user. This user id UID is encrypted and store in the user account database of Product Provider(PP). 2) The user will send a particular message to ask for an image from Product Provider. Then he verifies the particular user’s 282 All Rights Reserved © 2012 IJARCET
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1323 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012 1)If the size of an host image is 512×512, then the actual or watermark as, original image is divided into equal sized blocks M ×M ai ai − δ, bi' bi δ ' ai δ , ' or ai named as Z, and the block Z is again divided into equal bi bi − δ . ' sized blocks M ×M named as Y. If we consider M=8, then the size of the block Y is 8×8. Average of sum of the difference of the 2)If the number of pairs of coefficients (A,B) in the block Y embedded image, approaches -2į or 2į as are selected as A = a1, . . . , an, B = b1, . . . , bn based on a pseudo-random numbers, and the mapping key, and it contains n n 1 1 an index of original selected coefficients are reserved. For S ( a − δ ) − (b δ ) (a − b ) − 2δ −2δ coefficient selection, it is required that Sn is the expected value n i1 n i1 i i i i n [9] of the sum distance between ai and bi, which approaches 0 . n 1 N 1 Sn=(1/n)∑ n i=1(ai-bi) →(1) S ( a δ ) − (b δ ) (a − b ) 2δ 2δ n i1 n i1 i i i i n limx→∞Sn→0 →(2) ' ' For extraction, choose the same pairs (ai , bi ) , according to the below function(6), the watermark is extracted. 3) For appending, these two coefficient values (ai, bi) are 0 ' customized by the add parameter δ, which is a parameter and ω { Sn 0 it is used for watermark potency. i=1,…,n. ' 1 Sn ≥0 ω = ai-δ and bi+δ if 0; Product Provider decrypts an extracted watermark by some →(3) sequence and it will bring back the particular user’s message. ω = ai+δ and bi-δ if 1. V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 4) Maintain the above procedure with respect to n. Each block Y is appended with 1 bit watermark and this watermark length To explain and demonstrate the system’s will be decided the how many number of blocks Y are performance, we implement the process by Matlab2007b. In appended. addition to this, we are also using RSA algorithm to provide encryption and security. In this simulation work, an image is the “Roses” which is of size 512×512 pixels, as shown in IV. WATERMARK MINING PROCEDURE Figure which is watermarked image which will be complicated to recognize the reality of watermark by the In this part, the watermark mining procedure will be human eyes. The watermark is the binary message which is described. In this, the watermark detector performs a hidden having the size of 512 bits. transform on the input data and then quantizes the transform coefficients while still in the encrypted domain[5]. First of all, we have to select some random numbers and the mapping key to allot two different pixel values (ai, bi) for n different pairs for each and every block and the customized value of the assign pixels after appended 283 All Rights Reserved © 2012 IJARCET
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1323 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology Volume 1, Issue 4, June 2012 validity of our system which is used for a protected image transmission when piracy of the image will be found under which particular users message is extracted. Experimental results also reveal that the user’s message can be extracted from image under some image-processing operations such as JPEG compression, RSA algorithm, LSB algorithms and Gaussian filtering. REFERENCES [1] Nasir Memon and Ping Wah Wong “ Protecting Digital Media Content”, Communications of the ACM, vol.41, no.7, pp. 36-43, July 1998. Fig: Roses with apending watermark into an image [2] Ingemar J.Cox, Joe Kilian,F.Thomson and Shamoon, “Secure Spread Spectrum Watermarking for Multimedia”, IEEE Transactions on Image To test and verify the robustness of watermark, Processing,vol.6, no.12, pp. 1673-1687, Dec. 1997. the watermarked image is attacked by Gaussian filtering, [3] F. A. P. Stefan Katzenbeisser, Information Hiding Techniques for sharpening, noise addition, crop, median cut and JPEG Steganography and Digital Watermarking. Artech House, 2000. compression[10]. [4] Yi Xiang,Wang Wei-Ran, “A Secure Watermarking Algorithm Based on The consequences of watermark extraction which Coupled Map Lattice ”,Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of will go through the above attacks are provided in the China, vol.3, no.1, 2005, pp.27-29. following Table: [5] J. FURUKAWA, “Secure detection of watermarks,” IEICE, vol. E87-A, no. 1, pp. 212–220, Jan 2004. [6] Mitsuo Okada, Yasuo Okabe, Tetsutaro Uehara, “Security analysis on Number of privacy-secure image trading framework using blind watermarking,” The Attacks Succeed Attacks Third Workshop on Middleware Architecture in the Internet Gaussian filtering 2 ALL (MidArc2009), pp. 243–246, Jul 2009. Sharpening 4 97% [7] Moskowitz, I., Johnson, N. and Jacobs, M.: A detection study of an NRL steganographic method. NRL Memorandum Report NRL/MR/5540{02-8635, Sound 8 50% Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5540, Washington, 2002. Crop 3 NONE [8] Noto, M.: MP3Stego: Hiding text in MP3 files. Sans Institute, 2003. median cut 4 95% [9]Wang Hong-Xia , He Chen, “Robust Public Watermarking Based on Table: Evaluation of results under various attacks Chaotic Map”, Journal of Software, vol.15, no.8, August 2004, pp.1245- 1251. These experimental results illustrate most of the extracted [10] Voyatzis G, Pitas I. “Embedding robust watermarks by chaotic mixing” . watermarks will be restore to the user id UID after attacked, 13th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing. Santorini , Greece apart from sound, crop and some of the attacks. There is not to , 1997 :213-216. a large extent pirated value of an image, after sound and crop [11] W. Bender, D. Gruhl, and N. Morimoto, “Technique for data hiding,” attacks. That is means nothing but that the system be able to attain very good resistance to frequent web-based pirated SPIE, vol. 2020, pp. 2420–2440. image. [12]F.A.P. Petitcolas, “Watermarking schemes evaluation”, IEEE Signal Processing, vol.17, no.5, pp.58-64, Sep 2000. [13] Kurak, C. and McHugh, J.: A Cautionary Note on Image Downgrading. VI. CONCLUSION Proc. IEEE 8th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference. San Antonio, USA, Nov./Dec. 1992, pp. 153-155. In this paper, an image broadcasting with watermark and some security techniques, is discussed with experimental [14] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020025506001381 results. These experimental results of our system shows the [15] http://www.youdzone.com/signature.html 284 All Rights Reserved © 2012 IJARCET
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