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Gender Participation through Watershed Management for Achieving Sustainable Development

                            Suhas P Wani, Anantha KH and Sreedevi, TK
                                    Resilient Dryland Systems
             International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)

The rain-fed areas in the tropics are characterized by low and erratic rainfall, severe land
degradation, low crop yields, and high poverty. Watershed management by adopting community
participatory and integrated approach is recommended and found effective for agricultural growth
and sustainable development in rain-fed areas. Success and sustainability of watershed programs is
directly related to collective action and community participation. Women are key players as
managers and direct actors in managing natural resources in the watershed and addressing the
household food security. In this backdrop, this study seeks to address critical factors essential for
enhancing gender participation through watershed programs using detailed case studies from India,
China and Thailand. The paper demonstrated that through empowerment of women even without
formal education women worked well collectively and managed watersheds efficiently and
successfully. In these watersheds, women involved in income generating activities (IGAs) directly
along with generating employment, knowledge and skill development to other labours and
concentrate on more value added activities.

 In north east Thailand and China women do appreciate watershed management in increasing
employment and income, building up social capital through children education etc. Increasing
economic resilience of the poor is largely about enabling women to realize their socioeconomic
potential more fully and improve the quality of their lives. The policy implications suggest that
watershed programmes should look beyond land development activities to address rural livelihoods
to make difference in socio-economic status of women and vulnerable groups. Further,
implementing and coordinating agencies need to take cognizance of resources and policy support to
address gender equity.

Authors’ profile
   Dr. Suhas P Wani is Assistant Research Program Director and Principal Scientist (Watersheds),
   Resilient Dry land Systems, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
   (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh. His area of specialization includes Integrated Watershed
   Management, Wasteland Development, Biodiesel Plantation and Integrated Nutrient
   Management for productivity enhancement and rural livelihoods He is the member of many
   advisory committees of GoI including planning commission and other International agencies.
   Dr. Anantha KH is Scientist (Watersheds), Resilient Dry land Systems, International Crops
   Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh. His area of
   interest includes integrated watershed management, economics of dry land agriculture, gender
   and rural livelihoods.
   Dr. Sreedevi TK worked as Scientist (Watersheds) at Resilient Dry land Systems, International
   Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh.
   Currently, she is serving as Commissioner, Commercial Tax Department, Government of Andhra
   Pradesh. Her area of interest includes women empowerment, consortium approach, biodiesel
   plantations and rural livelihoods and institutions.

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1

  • 1. Gender Participation through Watershed Management for Achieving Sustainable Development Suhas P Wani, Anantha KH and Sreedevi, TK Resilient Dryland Systems International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) The rain-fed areas in the tropics are characterized by low and erratic rainfall, severe land degradation, low crop yields, and high poverty. Watershed management by adopting community participatory and integrated approach is recommended and found effective for agricultural growth and sustainable development in rain-fed areas. Success and sustainability of watershed programs is directly related to collective action and community participation. Women are key players as managers and direct actors in managing natural resources in the watershed and addressing the household food security. In this backdrop, this study seeks to address critical factors essential for enhancing gender participation through watershed programs using detailed case studies from India, China and Thailand. The paper demonstrated that through empowerment of women even without formal education women worked well collectively and managed watersheds efficiently and successfully. In these watersheds, women involved in income generating activities (IGAs) directly along with generating employment, knowledge and skill development to other labours and concentrate on more value added activities. In north east Thailand and China women do appreciate watershed management in increasing employment and income, building up social capital through children education etc. Increasing economic resilience of the poor is largely about enabling women to realize their socioeconomic potential more fully and improve the quality of their lives. The policy implications suggest that watershed programmes should look beyond land development activities to address rural livelihoods to make difference in socio-economic status of women and vulnerable groups. Further, implementing and coordinating agencies need to take cognizance of resources and policy support to address gender equity. Authors’ profile Dr. Suhas P Wani is Assistant Research Program Director and Principal Scientist (Watersheds), Resilient Dry land Systems, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh. His area of specialization includes Integrated Watershed Management, Wasteland Development, Biodiesel Plantation and Integrated Nutrient Management for productivity enhancement and rural livelihoods He is the member of many advisory committees of GoI including planning commission and other International agencies. Dr. Anantha KH is Scientist (Watersheds), Resilient Dry land Systems, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh. His area of interest includes integrated watershed management, economics of dry land agriculture, gender and rural livelihoods. Dr. Sreedevi TK worked as Scientist (Watersheds) at Resilient Dry land Systems, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh. Currently, she is serving as Commissioner, Commercial Tax Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Her area of interest includes women empowerment, consortium approach, biodiesel plantations and rural livelihoods and institutions.